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1、 1 AS 4828.12009 www.standards.org.au Australian Standard Degradability of plasticsMethods of test Method 1: Determination of level of prodegradant ions PREFACE This Standard was prepared by Standards Australia Committee EV-017, Degradability of Plastics. This Standard forms a part of a series of te
2、st methods and performance standards to enable certification bodies to validate and if appropriate, support claims. Test methods in the series include: AS 4828 Degradability of plasticsMethods of test 4828.1 Method 1: Determination of level of prodegradant ions 4828.2 Method 2: Determination of brit
3、tle point in plastic film using a tensile elongation test 4828.4 Method 4: Test method for heat ageing of degradable plastics FOREWORD Some plastics contain chemical additives that, when exposed to sufficient levels of ultraviolet radiation, or heat, accelerate the oxidation of the polymer and thus
4、promote the degradation of the physical properties of the plastic, ultimately leading to disintegration. The efficacy of the degradation of the plastic is a direct function of the level of the prodegradant metal salts. Depending on the intended disposal environment, degradable products can contain d
5、iffering levels of the prodegradant additive. Commercial prodegradant additives for polyethylene are generally based on transition metal carboxylates. Based on the active metal content of these prodegradant catalysts, these catalysts are generally present in an amount of about 202000 ppm based on me
6、tal, more typically about 20500 ppm. AS 4828.12009 AS 4828.12009 2 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au METHOD 1 SCOPE This Standard sets out a method for a rapid analysis of the concentration of prodegradant present in plastic specimens. This test method does not provide information on whether
7、or not the degradable plastics will degrade. The results of this test method may be required to be reported by other Test Methods in this series where test specimens have been subjected to those test methods. 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this standard: AS 1038 Co
8、al and cokeAnalysis testing 1038.14.1 Part 14.1: Higher rank coal ash and coke ashMajor and minor elements Borate fusion/flame atomic absorption spectrometric method US EPA Test Method 6010B: Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Revision 2 December 1996. 3 PRINCIPLE The method to
9、 be used depends on the ions to be analysed. For samples containing the transition metals commonly used: Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) as well as the less commonly used transition metal ions: Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), and Copper (Cu) wet acid digestion (WAD) followed by flam
10、e atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) may be used. If the elements Titanium (Ti), Aluminium (Al) and Silicon (Si) as well as the above transition elements are to be analysed, then the borate fusion method is to be used. In WAD th
11、e plastic specimen is dried and weighed and then digested in sulphuric and nitric acid prior to analysis by FAAS or ICP-AES. In the borate fusion method, the dried sample is decomposed by fusion with either lithium tetraborate or lithium metaborate (borate fusion test). The fused bead is then dissol
12、ved in dilute nitric acid and then analysed by ICP-AES. 4 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS The following apparatus and materials are required: (a) Furnace with temperature control to 1000C. (b) Nitric and sulphuric acids and crucibles for fusion of samples in accordance with AS 1038.14.1. (c) Inductively cou
13、pled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) and reagents in accordance with US EPA Method 6010B or flame atomic absorption spectrometer in accordance with AS 1038.14.1. 5 PREPARATION OF SAMPLES The sample shall be prepared as follows: Cut plastic into pieces of a size sufficient to ensure the
14、 sample will be digested efficiently (as a guide use plastic pieces 1 cm width 1 cm length). A minimum of two samples should be taken from each specimen. 3 AS 4828.12009 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia 6 PROCEDURE 6.1 Wet acid digestion The procedure shall be as follows: (a) Weigh the sampl
15、e into a platinum crucible. For each 1.5 g of plastic add 1 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and heat to fuming (using the appropriate protective clothing and in a fume hood). Then add the following amounts of acid in the sequence indicated: (i) 0.5 mL concentrated sulfuric acid and heat to fuming.
16、(ii) 0.1 mL concentrated nitric acid then 0.5 mL concentrated sulfuric acid and heat to fuming. (iii) 0.5 mL concentrated nitric acid. (iv) 2 mL concentrated sulfuric acid and heat to dryness. (b) Heat the dried sample in a furnace to 450C for six hours. (c) Cool to room temperature and dissolve the
17、 residue in concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute to 10 mL (per 1.5 g of sample) with de-ionized water. (d) Analyze the solution as per Clause 6.3 below. 6.2 Borate fusion The procedure shall be as follows: (a) Ash the sample and dry the ash for at least 16 hours in a furnace at 600C. (b) Subjec
18、t the prepared sample to borate fusion in accordance with AS 1038.14.1. (c) Dissolve the fused bead from 6(a) in nitric acid in accordance with AS 1038.14.1 to provide the analyte for Clause 6.3. 6.3 Elemental analysis Subject the analyte from Clause 6.1 or Clause 6.2 to inductively coupled plasma e
19、mission spectrometry in accordance with US EPA Method 6010B or Flame Atomic Absorption in accordance with AS 1038.14.1. 7 TEST REPORT The following information shall be recorded and items (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (g) and (h) shall be reported: (a) Identification of sample. (b) Date of sampling. (c)
20、Details of sample preservation. (d) Reference to this Australian Standard, i.e. AS 4828.1. (e) Date of determination. (f) The result in parts per million by weight to the appropriate number of significant figures. (g) Any deviation from the standard procedure. (h) Any factor that may have influenced
21、 the results. Public claims should not be made or implied that a material or product meets this test method. AS 4828.12009 4 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee EV-017, Degradability of Plastics. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 19 December 2008 and p
22、ublished on 20 February 2009. The following are represented on Committee EV-017: Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Conservation Foundation Australian Consumers Association Environment Protection and Heritage Council Keep Australian Beautiful National Association NSW Advisory Cou
23、ncil on Recreational Fishing National Association of Testing Authorities Australia Packaging Council of Australia Plastics and Chemicals Industries Association Queensland University of Technology Swinburne University of Technology Waste Management Association of Australia Keeping Standards up-to-dat
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26、logue. We also welcome suggestions for the improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mailstandards.org.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia Limited, GPO Box 476, Syd
27、ney, NSW 2001. First published as AS 4828.12009. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 08043. COPYRIGHT Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia Limited GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 9029 1 Printed in Australia