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1、BS 437:2008 Specification for cast iron drain pipes, fittings and their joints for socketed and socketless systems ICS 23.040.10, 23.040.40, 91.140.80 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice
2、 displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 57781 9 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PSE/10 Draft for comment 08/30156969 DC Publication history First published February 1932 Second edition, Jun
3、e 1933 Third edition (as BS 437-1), November 1970 Fourth edition (as BS 437), October 1978 Fifth (present) edition, April 2008 Amendments issued since publication Amd. no.DateText affected BS 437:2008 BSI 2008i BS 437:2008 Contents Foreword ii 1Scope 1 2Normative references 1 3Terms and definitions
4、1 4Technical requirements 3 5Performance requirements for flexible joints 8 Annexes Annex A (normative) Test methods 9 Bibliography 12 List of figures Figure 1 Socket dimensions 4 Figure 2 Sealing zones for couplings 5 Figure A.1 Crush test apparatus for pipes 11 List of tables Table 1 Dimensions of
5、 pipes and fittings 3 Table 2 Socket dimensions 4 Table 3 Sealing zone lengths 6 Table 4 Mechanical properties of pipes, fittings and couplings 6 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. BS 43
6、7:2008 ii BSI 2008 Foreword Publishing information This British Standard is published by BSI and came into effect on 30 April 2008. It was prepared by Technical Committee PSE/10, Iron pipes and fittings. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretar
7、y. Supersession This British Standard supersedes BS 437:1978+A1:1988, which is withdrawn. Information about this document This is a full revision of the standard, which now includes: a)performance requirements for the joints, based on the requirements of BS EN 877; b)socketless fittings not previous
8、ly covered in BS 437; c)ductile iron couplings for jointing socketless systems. The revision takes account of changes to the foundry practice concerned with the making of cast iron drain goods. Presentational conventions The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its
9、 requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall”. Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element. Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with The BSI g
10、uide to standardization Section 2: Rules for the structure, drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall .”. This means that only those products that are
11、 capable of passing the specified test will be deemed to conform to this standard. Contractual and legal considerations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard canno
12、t confer immunity from legal obligations. BSI 20081 BS 437:2008 1 Scope This British Standard specifies the requirements for cast iron drain systems for use in buried applications or suspended within a basement, in areas not subject to fire regulations, where any pressure likely to occur is a maximu
13、m of 3.5 bar. NOTE In this standard, all pressures are relative pressures, expressed in bars (100 kPa = 1 bar). The nominal sizes of the drain systems are DN 100, DN 150 and DN 225 inclusive. The standard specifies the requirements for materials, dimensions and tolerances, mechanical properties and
14、surface condition for cast iron pipes and fittings. It also indicates performance requirements for all components, including joints. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
15、 For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. BS EN 681-1, Elastomeric seals Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications Part 1: Vulcanized rubber BS EN 877, Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints
16、 and accessories for the evacuation of water from buildings Requirements, test methods and quality assurance 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1cast iron alloy of iron and carbon in which graphite can be present in differen
17、t forms NOTE In grey cast iron the graphite is in flake form; in ductile iron it is formed as nodules. 3.2coupling connecting piece used to join together the spigots of mating pipes or fittings 3.3drain system of pipes, fittings and joints which will be buried in the ground or suspended within basem
18、ents, in order to connect the discharge system of the building to a sewer or septic tank 3.4fitting cast iron component, other than a pipe, which allows deviation, a change in direction or diameter, including access components BS 437:2008 2 BSI 2008 3.5flexible joint joint which permits significant
19、angular deflection both during and after installation and which can accept a slight offset of the centreline 3.6gasket elastomeric sealing component of a joint 3.7joint connection between the ends of pipes and/or fittings using various methods of sealing including socket/spigot or coupling, with sea
20、ling effected by elastomeric gasket(s) or sealing compounds 3.8joint assembly two spigots or a socket and spigot and means of joining them together, assembled into a single unit 3.9length effective length of a pipe or fitting NOTE For socket and spigot pipes and fittings, the effective length is equ
21、al to the overall length minus the spigot insertion depth as given in the manufacturers catalogues. 3.10nominal size (DN) alphanumeric designation, used for reference purposes, of the of size of components and pipework system comprising the letters DN followed by a dimensionless whole number which i
22、s indirectly related to the physical size, in millimetres, of the bore or outside diameter of the end connections BS EN ISO 6708:1996, 2.1 NOTE In this standard it is the bore. 3.11pipe casting of uniform bore, straight in axis, normally having plain ends but can also be socketed 3.12rigid joint joi
23、nt that does not permit significant angular deflection either during or after installation 3.13sewer system of pipes designed to collect surface water and waste water from buildings and convey them to the point of disposal or treatment 3.14type test proof of design test which is carried out once to
24、demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this standard and which is repeated only after significant change in manufacture, design or material 3.15waste water water which is contaminated by use and all water discharging into the drainage system, e.g. domestic and trade effluent, condensate wat
25、er and rainwater when discharged into a waste drainage system BSI 20083 BS 437:2008 4 Technical requirements 4.1General The requirements for pipes, fittings and joints are defined in 4.2 to 4.8. 4.2Surface condition When inspected in accordance with A.1, pipes and fittings shall be free from defects
26、 (superficial and other defects) which could be detrimental to their correct operation as defined in this standard. 4.3Dimensions 4.3.1Nominal size The nominal sizes shall be DN 100, DN 150 and DN 225. 4.3.2External diameter (DE) The standard external diameters (DE) of the coated spigot ends of pipe
27、s and fittings, as well as the tolerances applicable to these, shall conform to the values given in Table 1, when measured in accordance with A.2. In addition, the ovality of the pipes and of the sealing zones of fittings (see 4.3.9) shall remain within the tolerances on DE shown in Table 1. 4.3.3In
28、ternal diameter of pipes When measured in accordance with A.3, the internal diameter in millimetres (mm) of pipes shall be not less than (DN 1) mm. NOTE The minimum internal diameter ensures the hydraulic function of the pipes. 4.3.4Wall thickness Wall thicknesses of pipes and fittings shall conform
29、 to the minimum values given in Table 1 when measured in accordance with A.4. Table 1Dimensions of pipes and fittings Dimensions in millimetres DNExternal diameter DEMin. wall thickness Nominal valueTolerance 1001176.7 1501717.7 22525410.2 21 2 1 2 2 BS 437:2008 4 BSI 2008 4.3.5Socket dimensions for
30、 rigid joints Sockets for rigid joints shall conform to the dimensions given in Figure 1 and Table 2 when measured in accordance with A.5. Socket profiles might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer but shall conform to the minimum dimensions given in Table 2. Figure 1Socket dimensions Key 1Alterna
31、tive shaped groove 2Optional 5 mm high bead for socket and spigot system only Table 2Socket dimensions Dimensions in millimetres Socket dimensionDN 100150225 Minimum internal diameterF136190276 Minimum thicknessH141417 Minimum depth of socketK7590115 BSI 20085 BS 437:2008 4.3.6Straightness of pipes
32、When measured in accordance with A.6, the pipes shall be straight with a maximum deviation of 0.15% of their length. 4.3.7End faces The end faces of the products shall be free from defects which might impair their fitness for use and their planes shall be perpendicular with the axes of symmetry of t
33、he products. When measured in accordance with A.7, the maximum deviation from the right angle shall be 3. 4.3.8Length of pipes Standard pipes shall be produced with a length of 3 m. When measured in accordance with A.8, the length shall be within a tolerance of o 20 mm. NOTE Other lengths are availa
34、ble. 4.3.9Length of fittings and sealing zones/socket depths The length of fittings shall be given in the manufacturers catalogue. When measured in accordance with A.8 the lengths of fittings shall be within a tolerance of o 5 mm. The ends of the fittings shall have sealing zones straight in axis (s
35、ee Figure 2) and free from markings and defects which could impair their fitness for use. The length of the socket insertion depth (Figure 1, dimension K) and the sealing zone (Figure 2, dimension J) shall conform to the values given in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively. Figure 2Sealing zones for cou
36、plings BS 437:2008 6 BSI 2008 4.3.10Angles of fittings Fittings shall be designed to the angles specified below with a design tolerance of o 2p: bends:10p, 22.5p, 35p, 45p, 60p, 67.5p, 80p, 87.5p; branches: 45p, 67.5p, 87.5p. The angle(s) of fittings shall be determined to an accuracy of 30 . 4.3.11
37、Access components and traps The minimum dimension of the openings of access components shall be not less than the minimum internal diameter of the fitting. The height of water seal of traps shall be at least 50 mm. 4.4Mass The nominal mass of finished products (pipes and fittings) shall be given in
38、the manufacturers catalogues. When the mass is measured in accordance with A.9, the lower deviation shall not exceed 15% of the nominal mass. 4.5Material characteristics of pipes and fittings Pipes and fittings shall be manufactured from grey cast iron in accordance with BS EN 877. Couplings shall b
39、e manufactured from ductile iron in accordance with BS EN 877. Mechanical properties shall be as given in Table 4. Table 3Sealing zone lengths DNMin. length of sealing zone, J mm 10040 15040 22555 Table 4Mechanical properties of pipes, fittings and couplings Type of casting and material Minimum tens
40、ile strengthA) MPa Crushing requirementB) kN/m Maximum Brinell hardness, HBWA) Pipes grey cast iron 200150260 Fittings grey cast iron 150260 Couplings ductile iron 420250 A) When measured in accordance with BS EN 877. B) When measured in accordance with A.10. BSI 20087 BS 437:2008 4.6Coatings for pi
41、pes, fittings and couplings The cast iron components shall be supplied coated internally and externally. Before applying the coatings the surfaces shall be dry and free from rust or non-adhering products or foreign matter, e.g. oil, grease. NOTE Points of contact inherent in the coating application
42、system are permitted. Various coatings are available and the manufacturer shall state in his catalogue his coating options for both buried and suspended systems. 4.7Joints 4.7.1General Joints shall permit an air and watertight connection between the ends of pipes and/or fittings. Rigid joints, usual
43、ly socket and spigot, shall use a cold caulking jointing compound and ensure leak tightness in accordance with Clause 5. Flexible joints shall incorporate an elastomeric gasket (see 4.7.2.2) to ensure leak tightness, and, for couplings, to prevent direct contact between the ends of pipes/fittings. F
44、lexible joints shall fulfil the leak tightness performance requirements of Clause 5. 4.7.2Flexible joint materials 4.7.2.1Couplings Couplings shall be made in accordance with BS EN 877. Cast iron couplings shall be coated as fittings in accordance with 4.6. For steel set screws and nuts the minimum
45、strength class shall be in accordance with BS EN 877. 4.7.2.2Gaskets The elastomeric gasket shall conform to the requirements of BS EN 681-1 for type WC. 4.8Marking Pipes, fittings and couplings shall be legibly and indelibly marked and shall bear at least the following information. Manufacturers na
46、me or mark. The identification of the production site. The period of manufacture, coded or not. The reference to this standard. The DN, or several DN where applicable. The design angle of fittings where applicable. When the marking on the fittings is cast-on, it shall be located outside the sealing
47、zone J, see Table 3. BS 437:2008 8 BSI 2008 When the dimensions of the component do not permit full marking, an abbreviated marking providing identification of the component shall be used. 5 Performance requirements for flexible joints 5.1General In order to ensure their fitness for purpose, all fle
48、xible joints shall fulfil the performance requirements of Clause 5. There shall be a type test for at least one DN. All joints shall be fully flexible and the angular deflection declared by the manufacturer shall be not less than: 3 for DN 100 and DN 150; 1 45 for DN 225. 5.2Test conditions All flex
49、ible joints shall be type tested as follows: a)joint assembly aligned withdrawn and pressurized in accordance with BS EN 877; b)joint assembly deflected and pressurized in accordance with BS EN 877; c)joint assembly sheared and pressurized in accordance with BS EN 877. The joints shall exhibit no visible leakage and show no detrimental damage. All rigid joints shall be type tested as a) for flexible joints and shall show no visible sign of leakage when subjected to a 2 bar