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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 818-2 : 1997 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 818-2 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 53.020.30 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings Grade 8 Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam U
3、niversity, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 818-2 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 April 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI refer
4、ences relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MHE/1 Draft for comment 92/80474 DC ISBN 0 580 26467 X Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Com
5、mittee MHE/1, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cable Makers Confederation British Chain Manufacturers Association British Forging Industry Association British Iron and Steel Producers Association British Ports Association British Railways Board Castings Technology Internatio
6、nal Coporation of Trinity House Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Drop Forging Research Association Engineering Equipment and Material Users Association Federation of Users of Construction Equipment and Cranes Federation of Wire Rope Manufacturers of Great Britain Healt
7、h and Safety Executive Institution of Incorporated Executive Engineers Lifting Equipment Engineers Association Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry of Defence National Association of Lift Makers Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS E
8、N 818-2 : 1997 BSI 1997i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Foreword2 Text of EN 818-23 Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 1997 BS EN 818-2 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard
9、has been prepared by Technical Committee MHE/1 and is the English language version of EN 818-2 : 1996, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). EN 812-2 : 1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the United Kingdom took an active part. Compliance with
10、 a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam Universit
11、y, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN 818-2
12、: 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 818-2 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM June 1996 ICS 53.020.30 Descriptors: lifting chains, welded chains, chain links, steels, lifting slings, safety, accident prevention, hazards, dimensions, chemical composition, mechanical properties, tests, verification English v
13、ersion Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 2: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings Grade 8 Cha nes de levage a maillons courts Se curite Partie 2: Cha ne de tole rance moyenne pour e lingues en cha nes Classe 8 Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten fu r Hebezwecke Sicherheit Teil 2: Mittelt
14、olerierte Rundstahlketten fu r Anschlagketten Gu teklasse 8 This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-03-07. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without a
15、ny alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made b
16、y translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lu
17、xembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m Page 2 EN 818-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared
18、 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168, Chains, ropes, webbing, slings and accessories Safety, of which the Secretariat is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1996, a
19、nd conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1996. This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). The other Parts of EN
20、818 are: Part 1: General conditions of acceptance; Part 3: Medium tolerance chain for chain slings Grade 4; Part 4: Chain slings Grade 8; Part 5: Chain slings Grade 4; Part 6: Chain slings Instructions for use and maintenance. A further Part or Parts will cover fine tolerance chains for chain hoists
21、 and other lifting appliances. This is the first edition of this Part of EN 818. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Gree
22、ce, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 0Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 4Hazards3 5Safety requirements4 6Verification of safety requirements5 7Marking7 8Manufacturers certificat
23、e7 9Instructions for use7 Annexes Annex A (informative) Calculation of dimensions, working load limits and mechanical properties8 Annex B (informative) Weight of chain9 Annex C (informative) Designation system for chain (medium tolerance) grade 810 Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam Univers
24、ity, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m Page 3 EN 818-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 0 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of complying with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive. The Dir
25、ective stipulates that where chain with welded links is used for lifting accessories it is to be of short link type and for the purposes of this standard this is chain having a ratio of nominal pitch to nominal size of 3 : 1. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this
26、Part of EN 818. In addition, lifting equipment shall conform as appropriate to EN 292 for hazards which are not covered by this standard. Annex C gives a designation system for recording the identifying features of grade 8 short link chain. Since this system is not widely used it has been included i
27、n this first edition of this standard as an informative annex; however, should its use become more generally accepted then the status of the information would need to be reviewed. 1 Scope This Part of EN 818 specifies the requirements related to safety for short link lifting chains, grade 8, of medi
28、um tolerance for use in chain slings and for general lifting purposes. They are electrically welded round steel short link chains, heat treated and tested and conforming to the general conditions of acceptance in EN 818-1. The range of nominal sizes of chain covered by this Part of EN 818 is from 4
29、mm to 45 mm. The hazards covered by this Part of EN 818 are identified in clause 4. The bases for calculation of tabulated values for dimensions, working load limits and mechanical properties are given in annex A. Annex B gives information on weight/metre of chain. Annex C gives an example of a desi
30、gnation system for chains. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequ
31、ent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 292-1Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for des
32、ign Part 1: Basic terminology methodology EN292-2 : 1991 Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and specifications EN 292-2 : 1991 A/1 : 1995 Safety of machinery Basic concepts General principles for design Part 2: Technical principles and speci
33、fications prEN 818-1Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 1: General conditions of acceptance prEN 818-6Short link chain for lifting purposes Safety Part 6: Chain slings Instructions for use and maintenance prEN 1050Safety of machinery Risk assessment ISO 643Steels Micrographic determina
34、tion of the ferritic or austenitic grain size 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of EN 818 the definitions given in EN 818-1 apply. 4 Hazards The release of a load due to failure of lifting accessories such as slings or their component parts puts at risk either directly or indirectly the li
35、fe or health of those persons within the danger zone of lifting equipment. In order to provide the necessary strength and durability of lifting accessories, this Part of EN 818 lays down requirements for the design, selection of materials of construction and testing to ensure that specified levels o
36、f performance are met. Fatigue failure has not been identified as a hazard when chain having the specified levels of performance given in this Part of EN 818 is used in general lifting service. Since failure can be caused by incorrect choice of grade and specification of lifting accessories this Par
37、t of EN 818 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturers certificate. Those aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in prEN 818-6. Table 1 contains all the hazards which require action to reduce risk, identified by risk assessment as being specific and significan
38、t for short link chain (medium tolerance) grade 8 for lifting purposes. Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m Page 4 EN 818-2 : 1996 BSI 1997 Table 1. Hazards and associated requirements Hazards identified in an
39、nex A of prEN 1050 Relevant clause of annex A of EN 292-2 : 1991/A1 : 1995 Relevant clause/subclause of this standard 1.1.5Mechanical hazard due to inadequacy of strength 1.3.2 4.1.2.3 4.1.2.4 5 4.2.46 1.7.3 4.3.1 7 Table 2. Dimensions Dimensions in millimetres (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) Nominal sizeM
40、aterial diameter tolerance Weld diameterPitchInternal width away from weld External width over the weld dndspnppw1w2 max.max.min.min.max. 4 0,16 4,41212,411,65,214,8 5 0,2 5,51515,514,66,518,5 6 0,24 6,61818,517,57,822,2 7 0,28 7,72121,620,49,125,9 8 0,32 8,82424,723,310,429,6 10 0,4 113030,929,1133
41、7 13 0,52 14,33940,237,816,948,1 16 0,64 17,64849,446,620,859,2 18 0,9 19,85455,652,423,466,6 19 1 20,95758,755,324,770,3 20 1 226061,858,22674 22 1,1 24,266686428,681,4 23 1,2 25,36971,166,929,985,1 25 1,3 27,57577,372,832,592,5 26 1,3 28,67880,375,733,896,2 28 1,4 30,88486,581,536,4104 32 1,6 35,2
42、9698,993,141,6118 36 1,8 39,610811110546,8133 40 2 4412012411652148 45 2,3 49,513513913158,5167 5 Safety requirements 5.1 General The chain shall also conform to the appropriate requirements of EN 818-1. 5.2 Dimensions 5.2.1 Nominal size of chain, dn The nominal size of chain shall be one of the siz
43、es listed in table 2 column 1. 5.2.2 Tolerance on material diameter (except at the weld) The tolerance on material diameter for each nominal size of chain shall be in accordance with table 2 column 2. 5.2.3 Weld diameter The maximum diameter at the weld for each nominal size of chain shall be in acc
44、ordance with table 2 column 3. The thickness of the steel at the weld shall nowhere be less than the actual diameter of the steel adjacent to the weld. Licensed Copy: SHU Athens, Sheffield Hallam University, 10/06/2008 06:43, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI w w w . b z f x w . c o m Page 5 EN 818-2 : 199
45、6 BSI 1997 5.2.4 Length dimensionally affected by welding The length dimensionally affected by welding, e, shall not extend by more than 0,6dnto either side of the centre of the link. 5.2.5 Pitch and widths The dimensions of the pitch and widths of the individual links and chain shall be as specifie
46、d in table 2 columns 4 to 8, and illustrated in figure 1 of prEN 818-1. 5.3 Materials and heat treatment 5.3.1 Quality of material 5.3.1.1 General Within the limitations given in 5.3.1.2 to 5.3.1.4 it is the responsibility of the chain manufacturer to select the type of steel to be used so that the
47、finished chain, when suitably heat treated, meets the mechanical properties specified in this Part of EN 818. 5.3.1.2 Type of steel The steel used shall be produced by an electric process or by an oxygen blown process. 5.3.1.3 Deoxidation The steel shall be fully killed, be stabilized against strain
48、 age embrittlement and have an austenitic grain size of 5 or finer when tested in accordance with ISO 643. 5.3.1.4 Chemical composition The steel shall contain alloying elements in sufficient quantities so that the finished chain, when heat treated in accordance with 5.3.2, conforms not only to the
49、mechanical properties specified in this Part of EN 818 but also possesses adequate low temperature ductility and toughness to provide resistance to impact loading. The steel shall contain nickel and at least one of the other elements in the minimum percentages shown in table 3. Table 3. Chemical composition alloying elements ElementMinimum mass content as determined by cast analysis % Nickel0,40 Chromium0,40 Molybdenum0,15 To ensure that chain is stabilized agai