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1、i ANSI/IEEE C37.24-1986 (Revision of ANSI/IEEE C37.24-1971) IEEE Guide for Evaluating the Effect of Solar Radiation on Outdoor Metal- Enclosed Switchgear Sponsor Switchgear Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved September 18, 1986 Reaffirmed December 5, 1991 IEEE Standards Board Ap
2、proved October 21, 1988 Reaffirmed May 20, 1992 American National Standards Institute Copyright 1988 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval syste
3、m or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ii IEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and without compen
4、sation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE represent a consensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE which have expressed an interest in participating in the development of the stan
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11、l consideration. Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to: Secretary, IEEE Standards Board 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 USA IEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard to whether their ad
12、option may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standards documents. iii Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of Draft ANSI/IEEE C37.24-1986, IEEE Gui
13、de for Evaluating the Effect of Solar Radiation on Outdoor Metal-Enclosed Switchgear.) This guide originated as a technical paper at the AIEE Winter general meeting in New York, NY, Jan 1822, 1954. In October 1955, it was issued by AIEE Standards Committee as Publication 955. Subsequent document rev
14、ision in 1962 included a 3000 A ratings and updating of the temperature data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This revision of the guide reflects the references to the new standards, ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1-1987, C37.20.2-1987, and C37.20.3-1987 as well as the most recent monthly
15、 normal maximum temperatures of the United States; and Canada (19511980). A new section, 7, has been written that discusses color and finish of the metal-enclosed switchgear and their impact on temperature due to solar radiation. The revision on this document was prepared by a working group within t
16、he Switchgear Assemblies Subcommittee of the Switchgear Committee of the Power Engineering Society of IEEE. Members of the working group of the IEEE Switchgear Assemblies Subcommittee that prepared this guide were as follows: A. J. Kalvaitis, Chair S. P. Axe A. P. Haggerty J. Jarabek R. H. Lee J. Mc
17、Cormick J. Rule R. L. Simpson S. H. Telander J. E. Thomas The personnel of the IEEE Switchgear Assemblies Subcommittee who reviewed and approved this standard were: C. G. Burland, Chair A. Alsaker J. Arden S. C. Atkinson R. N. Carson J. J. Dravis F. C. Farrell L. W Gaussa M. J. Joannou A. J. Kalvait
18、is W. E. Laubach G. R. Nourse G. O. Perkins J. Rule J. C. Scott J. F. Sellers S. D. Smith E. M. Spencer S. H. Telander J. E. Thomas The following persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEE Standards Board: A. K. Alsaker H. W. Anderl J. G. Angelis R
19、. H. Arndt S. C. Atkinson L. E. Brothers F. L. Cameron R. L. Capra S. L. Carter L. V. Chabala A. P. Colaiaco J. A. Deni G. W. Dolloff J. J. Dravis C. J. Dvorak P. W. Dwyer F. C. Farrell J. D. Finley Guy Genest K. I. Gray G. R. Hanks W. E. Harper K. D. Hendrix W. F. Hoenigmann W. C. Huening A. J. Kal
20、vaitis P. L. Kolarik D. G. Kumbera S. R. Lambert D. M. Larson W. E. Laubach T. S. Lauber J. G. Leach G. N. Lester E. L. Luehring P. C. Lyons iv J. A. Maneatis J. R. Marek C. Mayo L. V. McCall R. A. McMaster H. W. Mikulecky D. C. Mills A. F. Parks G. O. Perkins C. A. Popeck J. C. W. Ransom J. G. Reck
21、leff A. B. Rishworth H. C. Ross W. N. Rothenbuhler L. H. Schmidt E. W. Schmunk G. G. Schocklet C. A. Schwalbe J. C. Scott J. F. Sellers H. M. Smith S. D. Smith E. M. Spencer G. H. Taylor S. H. Telander F. C. Tuefel J. R. Truitt E. F. Veverka C. L. Wagner D. R. Webster G. A. Wilson W. R. Wilson B. F.
22、 Wirtz C. E. Zanzie When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on September 18, 1986, it had the following membership: John E. May, Chair Irving Kolodny, Vice Chair Sava I. Sherr, Secretary James H. Beall Fletcher J. Buckley Paul G. Cummings Donald C. Fleckenstein Jay Forster Daniel L. Gol
23、dberg Kenneth D. Hendrix Irvin N. Howell Jack Kinn Joseph L. Koepfinger* Edward Lohse Lawrence V. McCall Donald T. Michael* Marco W. Migliaro Stanley Owens John P. Riganati Frank L. Rose Robert E. Rountree Martha Sloan Oley Wanaselja J. Richard Weger William B. Wilkens Helen M. Wood Charles J. Wylie
24、 Donald W. Zipse *Member emeritus v CLAUSEPAGE 1. Introduction and References .1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 References 1 2. Scope.2 3. Purpose2 4. Operating Limitations.2 5. External Influences on Internal Operating Temperatures.3 5.1 Ambient Temperatures. 3 5.2 Solar Radiation. 4 5.3 Wind Influence. 4
25、6. Ventilation and Condensation Control5 7. Enclosure Color and Finish Considerations6 8. Current-Carrying Capabilities of Switchgear .7 8.1 Metal-Clad Switchgear 7 8.2 Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear 8 8.3 Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear. 9 9. Suggested Modificatio
26、ns of Standard Designs .9 10. Conclusion 9 11. Bibliography25 1 IEEE Guide for Evaluating the Effect of Solar Radiation on Outdoor Metal- Enclosed Switchgear 1. Introduction and References 1.1 Introduction Outdoor metal-enclosed low-voltage power circuit breaker switchgear, outdoor metal-clad switch
27、gear, and outdoor metal-enclosed interrupter switchgear have reached a position of widespread application comparable to that of indoor switchgear. Outdoor switchgear has had a satisfactory operating record for many years in cold, temperate, and hot climates that has contributed to this increased usa
28、ge. However, there are conditions affecting its application that are different from those for indoor switchgear and warrant special consideration. This was realized and a study of the situation for metal-enclosed switchgear was undertaken by the Switchgear Assemblies Subcommittee. It was first deter
29、mined that temperature data were not available on fully loaded units in the field. Outdoor laboratory and field testing was then tried, and it became evident, due to uncontrollable conditions, that accurate and complete data suitable for establishing the current-carrying capability of outdoor metal-
30、enclosed switchgear could not be obtained. Next, indoor testing simulating outdoor conditions was resorted to. Further valuable data were accumulated, but there was still no absolute relationship between results obtained indoors and conditions existing outdoors. However, based on these investigation
31、s, sufficient data are now available for the preparation of a guide for using outdoor metal-enclosed switchgear in various climates. 1.2 References The following publications shall be used in conjunction with this standard: 1 ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1-1987, IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Powe
32、r Circuit Breaker Switchgear.1 2 ANSI/IEEE C37.20.2-1987, IEEE Standard for Metal-Clad and Station-Type Cubicle Switchgear. 3 ANSI/IEEE C37.20.3-1987, IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear. 1ANSI/IEEE publications can be obtained from the Sales Department, American National Standar
33、ds Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018, or from the Service Center, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, PO Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331. 2Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved Draft ANSI/IEEE C37.24-1986IEEE GUIDE FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF SOLAR 2.
34、Scope The general information in this guide is applicable to all forms of outdoor metal-enclosed switchgear. Specific data are given in Fig 2 for outdoor metal-enclosed low-voltage power circuit breaker switchgear, outdoor metal-clad switchgear, and outdoor metal-enclosed interrupter switchgear. 3.
35、Purpose Switchgear will perform satisfactorily and have a reasonable life when operated within the temperature limits established in ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1-1987 1,2 C37.20.2-1987 2, and C37.20.3-1987 3. In outdoor applications, the limiting temperatures result from the net effect of internal losses and
36、external influences, principally the sun, wind, and local ambient temperatures. All of these must be considered in determining the current-carrying capacity of outdoor metal-enclosed switchgear. ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1-1987 1, C37.20.2-1987 2, and C37.20.3-1987 3 specify the temperature rise above a stan
37、dard ambient temperature of 40 C. This is satisfactory for indoor applications where the temperature rise is due entirely to heat release. However, when the gear is located outdoors, several additional factors require consideration. The effect of sun, wind, ventilation, ambient temperature, etc, on
38、internal temperatures will be considered in this guide. The magnitude of these factors will vary geographically and from season to season. The time relationship of maximum circuit loads with respect to maximum ambient temperature is important. It is not practical to design switchgear on the basis th
39、at all adverse factors reach their maxima coincident with maximum loads. If this does not occur, full current ratings may be realized. Recommendations will be made to point out the cumulative effect of these various influences. 4. Operating Limitations Temperature limitations for metal-enclosed swit
40、chgear are established at a value that will ensure satisfactory life of the insulation. Operation at higher temperatures than permitted by the appropriate standard will result in shortened life, but if the temperature of the insulation goes above normal for a few hours during a few days of the year,
41、 the effect on total life is hardly measurable. This is very different from the establishment of higher short-duration ratings that might be repetitive on a day-to-day basis. The hazard of immediate breakdown is not increased unless extreme temperatures are reached. Outdoor metal-enclosed switchgear
42、 is usually designed with more restricted ventilation than indoor switchgear with the object of excluding wind-blown dust and dirt. The effect of this is a tendency toward somewhat increased internal temperatures of outdoor switchgear compared to indoor installations with equivalent circuit breakers
43、 and buses. These conditions have been recognized in designs. With this restricted ventilation, the effect of solar radiation on an enclosure will cause the air immediately under the roof to be relatively warm. Electrical parts, therefore, located near the roof will be operated in air considerably w
44、armer than that surrounding equipment in the center or lower portion of the switchgear units. Cable insulation of certain types cannot be operated in as high air temperatures as others. If cables are located in the upper part of housings, insulation with appropriate thermal characteristics should be
45、 selected. ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1-1987 1, C37.20.2-1987 2, and C37.20.3-1987 3 state in effect that the temperature of the air surrounding outgoing insulated cables in any compartment shall not exceed 65 C with a maximum average ambient temperature of 40 C outside the structure based on the use of 90 C
46、insulated power cables. Use of lower temperature rated cables requires special consideration. In many cases the effect of solar radiation alone will raise the 2The numbers in square brackets correspond to those of the references listed in 1.2 of this standard; when preceded by a “B,” they correspond
47、 to those documents listed in Section 11., Bibliography. Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved3 RADIATION ON OUTDOOR METAL-ENCLOSED SWITCHGEAR Draft ANSI/IEEE C37.24-1986 inside temperature above that permitted by the appropriate standard. The insulation and size of conductors in this location sho
48、uld be carefully considered by both manufacturers and users. End units, particularly those exposed to the sun during periods of heavy load, should be considered on a different basis from the others in determining loading, conductor sizes, and cable insulation. In addition to the effect on insulation
49、, high internal air temperatures will increase the total temperature of the conducting parts. If circuit breakers are properly maintained, no adverse effects will result if their temperatures exceed allowable limits by a few degrees for short intervals during a few days of the year. All primary connections in metal- enclosed switchgear are silver surfaced, or the equivalent, and no trouble should be experienced with them if rated temperatures are exceeded under similar conditions. Here again it is important to realize the difference between increas