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1、NEMA Standards Publication MG 1-2006 Motors and Generators Published by: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209 www.nema.org Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other la
2、nguages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensu
3、s of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) stan
4、dards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. Whi
5、le NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standar
6、ds and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. N
7、EMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to gua
8、rantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertak
9、ing to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information a
10、nd other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this
11、document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of
12、the certifier or maker of the statement. MG 1-2006 Page i Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. CONTENTS Page No. Forewordxxxv Section I GENERAL STANDARDS APPLYING TO ALL MACHINES Part 1REFERENCED STANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS1-1 1.1 REFERENCED STANDARDS1-1 DEFINITIONS 1-4
13、 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO SIZE 1-4 1.2 MACHINE .1-4 1.3 SMALL (FRACTIONAL) MACHINE1-4 1.4 MEDIUM (INTEGRAL) MACHINE1-4 1.4.1 Alternating-Current Medium Machine.1-4 1.4.2 Direct-Current Medium Machine.1-4 1.5 LARGE MACHINE1-4 1.5.1 Alternating-Current Large Machine.1-4 1.5.2 Direct-Current Large M
14、achine 1-5 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO APPLICATION1-5 1.6 GENERAL PURPOSE MOTOR1-5 1.6.1 General-Purpose Alternating-Current Motor.1-5 1.6.2 General-Purpose Direct-Current Small Motor 1-5 1.7 GENERAL-PURPOSE GENERATOR1-5 1.8 INDUSTRIAL SMALL MOTOR.1-5 1.9 INDUSTRIAL DIRECT-CURRENT MEDIUM MOTOR.1-5 1
15、.10 INDUSTRIAL DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATOR .1-5 1.11 DEFINITE-PURPOSE MOTOR1-6 1.12 GENERAL INDUSTRIAL MOTORS .1-6 1.13 METAL ROLLING MILL MOTORS.1-6 1.14 REVERSING HOT MILL MOTORS1-6 1.15 SPECIAL-PURPOSE MOTOR .1-6 1.16 NEMA PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTOR.1-6 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ELECTRICAL TYPE.1-6
16、1.17 GENERAL.1-6 1.17.1 Electric Motor.1-6 1.17.2 Electric Generator1-6 1.17.3 Electric Machines.1-6 1.18 ALTERNATING-CURRENT MOTORS.1-7 1.18.1 Induction Motor1-7 1.18.2 Synchronous Motor1-7 1.18.3 Series-Wound Motor.1-8 1.19 POLYPHASE MOTORS .1-8 1.19.1 Design Letters of Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Med
17、ium Motors 1-8 1.20 SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS 1-8 1.20.1 Design Letters of Single-Phase Small Motors.1-8 1.20.2 Design Letters of Single-Phase Medium Motors.1-9 1.20.3 Single-Phase Squirrel-Cage Motors1-9 1.20.4 Single-Phase Wound-Rotor Motors.1-10 1.21 UNIVERSAL MOTORS.1-10 1.21.1 Series-Wound Motor1-10
18、1.21.2 Compensated Series-Wound Motor 1-10 1.22 ALTERNATING-CURRENT GENERATORS1-10 1.22.1 Induction Generator.1-10 1.22.2 Synchronous Generator.1-11 ? MG 1-2006 Page ii Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 1.23 DIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS.1-11 1.23.1 Shunt-Wound Motor.1-11
19、1.23.2 Series-Wound Motor1-11 1.23.3 Compound-Wound Motor 1-11 1.23.4 Permanent Magnet Motor1-11 1.24 DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATORS .1-11 1.24.1 Shunt-Wound Generator1-11 1.24.2 Compound-Wound Generator .1-11 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND METHODS OF COOLING 1-12 1.25 OPEN MACH
20、INE (IP00, IC01)1-12 1.25.1 Dripproof Machine (IP12, IC01).1-12 1.25.2 Splash-Proof Machine (IP13, IC01).1-12 1.25.3 Semi-Guarded Machine (IC01)1-12 1.25.4 Guarded Machine (IC01).1-12 1.25.5 Dripproof Guarded Machine (IC01) .1-15 1.25.6 Open Independently Ventilated Machine (IC06)1-15 1.25.7 Open Pi
21、pe-Ventilated Machine1-15 1.25.8 Weather-Protected Machine1-15 1.26 TOTALLY ENCLOSED MACHINE .1-15 1.26.1 Totally Enclosed Nonventilated Machine (IC410)1-15 1.26.2 Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Machine1-15 1.26.3 Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Guarded Machine (IC411)1-16 1.26.4 Totally Enclosed Pipe-Vent
22、ilated Machine (IP44) .1-16 1.26.5 Totally Enclosed Water-Cooled Machine (IP54)1-16 1.26.6 Water-Proof Machine (IP55)1-16 1.26.7 Totally Enclosed Air-to-Water-Cooled Machine (IP54)1-16 1.26.8 Totally Enclosed Air-to-Air-Cooled Machine (IP54).1-16 1.26.9 Totally Enclosed Air-Over Machine (IP54, IC417
23、).1-16 1.26.10 Explosion-Proof Machine.1-17 1.26.11 Dust-Ignition-Proof Machine1-17 1.27 MACHINE WITH ENCAPSULATED OR SEALED WINDINGS1-17 1.27.1 Machine with Moisture Resistant Windings.1-17 1.27.2 Machine with Sealed Windings1-17 CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO VARIABILITY OF SPEED 1-17 1.30 CONSTANT-S
24、PEED MOTOR1-17 1.31 VARYING-SPEED MOTOR1-17 1.32 ADJUSTABLE-SPEED MOTOR.1-18 1.33 BASE SPEED OF AN ADJUSTABLE-SPEED MOTOR.1-18 1.34 ADJUSTABLE VARYING-SPEED MOTOR1-18 1.35 MULTISPEED MOTOR.1-18 RATING, PERFORMANCE, AND TEST.1-18 1.40 RATING OF A MACHINE .1-18 1.40.1 Continuous Rating .1-18 1.40.2 Sh
25、ort-Time Rating1-18 1.41 EFFICIENCY.1-18 1.41.1 General1-18 1.41.2 Energy Efficient Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor 1-18 1.42 SERVICE FACTORAC MOTORS.1-19 1.43 SPEED REGULATION OF DC MOTORS1-19 1.43.1 Percent Compounding of Direct-Current Machines.1-19 1.44 VOLTAGE REGULATION OF DIRECT-CURRE
26、NT GENERATORS.1-19 1.45 SECONDARY VOLTAGE OF WOUND-MOTOR ROTORS.1-19 1.46 FULL-LOAD TORQUE1-19 1.47 LOCKED-ROTOR TORQUE (STATIC TORQUE)1-19 1.48 PULL-UP TORQUE 1-19 ? MG 1-2006 Page iii Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 1.49 PUSHOVER TORQUE .1-19 1.50 BREAKDOWN TOR
27、QUE1-19 1.51 PULL-OUT TORQUE1-20 1.52 PULL-IN TORQUE1-20 1.53 LOCKED-ROTOR CURRENT1-20 1.54 NO-LOAD CURRENT 1-20 1.55 TEMPERATURE TESTS1-20 1.56 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE1-20 1.57 HIGH-POTENTIAL TESTS.1-20 1.58 STARTING CAPACITANCE FOR A CAPACITOR MOTOR 1-20 1.59 RADIAL MAGNETIC PULL AND AXIAL CENTERING F
28、ORCE.1-20 1.59.1 Radial Magnetic Pull1-20 1.59.2 Axial Centering Force1-20 1.60 INDUCTION MOTOR TIME CONSTANTS.1-21 1.60.1 General1-21 1.60.2 Open-Circuit AC Time Constant1-21 1.60.3 Short-Circuit AC Time Constant 1-21 1.60.4 Short-Circuit DC Time Constant1-21 1.60.5 X/R Ratio1-21 1.60.6 Definitions
29、 (See Figure 1-4).1-21 COMPLETE MACHINES AND PARTS.1-22 1.61 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORCOMPLETE1-22 1.61.1 Belted Type1-22 1.61.2 Engine Type.1-22 1.61.3 Coupled Type.1-22 1.62 DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATORCOMPLETE 1-22 1.62.1 Belted Type1-22 1.62.2 Engine Type.1-22 1.62.3 Coupled Type.1-22 1.63 FACE AND FLAN
30、GE MOUNTING1-22 1.63.1 Type C Face 1-22 1.63.2 Type D Flange .1-23 1.63.3 Type P Flange1-23 CLASSIFICATION OF INSULATION SYSTEMS .1-23 1.65 INSULATION SYSTEM DEFINED1-23 1.65.1 Coil Insulation with its Accessories1-23 1.65.2 Connection and Winding Support Insulation .1-23 1.65.3 Associated Structura
31、l Parts .1-23 1.66 CLASSIFICATION OF INSULATION SYSTEMS .1-23 MISCELLANEOUS1-24 1.70 NAMEPLATE MARKING 1-24 1.70.1 Nameplate1-24 1.70.2 Additional Nameplate Markings.1-24 1.71 CODE LETTER.1-25 1.72 THERMAL PROTECTOR.1-25 1.73 THERMALLY PROTECTED.1-25 1.74 OVER TEMPERATURE PROTECTION.1-25 1.75 PART-W
32、INDING START MOTOR1-25 1.76 STAR (WYE) START, DELTA RUN MOTOR.1-25 1.77 CONSTANT FLUX1-25 1.78 DEVIATION FACTOR.1-25 1.79 MARKING ABBREVIATIONS FOR MACHINES 1-26 ? MG 1-2006 Page iv Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Section I GENERAL STANDARDS APPLYING TO ALL MACHI
33、NES Part 2TERMINAL MARKINGS GENERAL .2-1 2.1 LOCATION OF TERMINAL MARKINGS2-1 2.2 TERMINAL MARKINGS2-1 2.3 DIRECTION OF ROTATION 2-2 2.3.1 Alternating-Current Machines.2-2 2.3.2 Direct-Current Machines.2-2 2.3.3 Motor-Generator Sets.2-2 DC MOTORS AND GENERATORS2-2 2.10 TERMINAL MARKINGS2-2 2.10.1 Ge
34、neral2-2 2.10.2 Armature Leads .2-2 2.10.3 Armature LeadsDirection of Rotation.2-2 2.11 TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR DUAL VOLTAGE SHUNT FIELDS.2-2 2.12 DIRECTION OF ROTATION 2-3 2.12.1 Direct-Current Motors 2-3 2.12.2 Direct-Current Generators.2-3 2.12.3 Reverse Function.2-3 2.13 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS WITH T
35、ERMINAL MARKINGS FOR DIRECT-CURRENT MOTORS.2-3 2.14 CONNECTION DIAGRAMS WITH TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR DIRECT-CURRENT GENERATORS .2-7 AC MOTORS AND GENERATORS2-9 2.20 NUMERALS ON TERMINALS OF ALTERNATING-CURRENT POLYPHASE MACHINES2-9 2.20.1 Synchronous Machines .2-9 2.20.2 Induction Machines2-9 2.21 DEF
36、INITION OF PHASE SEQUENCE.2-9 2.22 PHASE SEQUENCE.2-9 2.23 DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF PHASORS2-9 2.24 DIRECTION OF ROTATION 2-10 AC GENERATORS AND SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS2-10 2.25 REVERSAL OF ROTATION, POLARITY AND PHASE SEQUENCE2-10 2.30 CONNECTION AND TERMINAL MARKINGSALTERNATING- CURRENT GENERATORS AND
37、SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS THREE-PHASE AND SINGLE-PHASE2-10 SINGLE PHASE MOTORS .2-11 2.40 GENERAL.2-11 2.40.1 Dual Voltage 2-11 2.40.2 Single Voltage2-11 2.41 TERMINAL MARKINGS IDENTIFIED BY COLOR.2-12 2.42 AUXILIARY DEVICES WITHIN MOTOR2-12 2.43 AUXILIARY DEVICES EXTERNAL TO MOTOR2-12 2.44 MARKING OF RIGI
38、DLY MOUNTED TERMINALS.2-12 2.45 INTERNAL AUXILIARY DEVICES PERMANENTLY CONNECTED TO RIGIDLY MOUNTED TERMINALS.2-13 2.46 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR SINGLE-PHASE MOTORS 2-13 2.46.1 First Principle.2-13 2.46.2 Second Principle2-13 2.46.3 Third Principle2-13 2.47 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FOR
39、 SPLIT-PHASE MOTORS SINGLE VOLTAGEREVERSIBLE 2-14 2.47.1 Without Thermal Protector.2-14 2.47.2 With Thermal Protector2-14 ? MG 1-2006 Page v Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 2.48 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FOR CAPACITOR-START MOTORS REVERSIBLE .2-15 2.48.1 Single-Voltage
40、Capacitor-start MotorsReversible2-15 2.48.2 Dual-Voltage Capacitor-start MotorsReversible.2-16 2.49 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FOR TWO-VALUE CAPACITOR MOTORSSINGLE VOLTAGEREVERSIBLE.2-20 2.49.1 Without Thermal Protector.2-20 2.49.2 With Thermal Protector2-21 2.50 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FOR PERMANENT-SPLIT CAPAC
41、ITOR MOTORSSINGLE VOLTAGEREVERSIBLE.2-22 2.51 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FOR UNIVERSAL MOTORS SINGLE VOLTAGE.2-23 2.52 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS FOR REPULSION, REPULSION-START INDUCTION, AND REPULSION-INDUCTION MOTORS2-24 2.53 SHADED-POLE MOTORSTWO SPEED2-25 2.60 GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR POLYPH
42、ASE INDUCTION MOTORS2-25 2.60.1 General2-25 2.60.2 Three-Phase, Two Speed Motors2-26 2.60.3 Two-Phase Motors.2-26 2.61 TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR THREE-PHASE SINGLE-SPEED INDUCTION MOTORS.2-26 2.61.1 First2-26 2.61.2 Second.2-26 2.61.3 Third.2-26 2.61.4 Fourth.2-26 2.61.5 Fifth2-26 2.61.6 Sixth.2-26 2.62
43、 TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR Y- AND DELTA-CONNECTED DUAL VOLTAGE MOTORS .2-27 2.63 TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR THREE-PHASE TWO-SPEED SINGLE-WINDING INDUCTION MOTORS2-27 2.64 TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR Y- AND DELTA-CONNECTED THREE-PHASE TWO-SPEED SINGLE-WINDING MOTORS.2-27 2.65 TERMINAL MARKINGS FOR THREE-PHASE INDUC
44、TION MOTORS HAVING TWO OR MORE SYNCHRONOUS SPEEDS OBTAINED FROM TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT WINDINGS2-33 2.65.1 Each Independent Winding Giving One Speed.2-33 2.65.2 Each Independent Winding Reconnectible to Give Two Synchronous Speeds.2-33 2.65.3 Two or More Independent Windings at Least One of Which G
45、ives One Synchronous Speed and the Other Winding Gives Two Synchronous Speeds.2-34 2.66 TERMINAL MARKINGS OF THE ROTORS OF WOUND-ROTOR INDUCTION MOTORS.2-35 Section I GENERAL STANDARDS APPLYING TO ALL MACHINES Part 3HIGH-POTENTIAL TESTS 3.1 HIGH-POTENTIAL TESTS.3-1 3.1.1 Safety3-1 3.1.2 Definition.3
46、-1 3.1.3 Procedure .3-1 3.1.4 Test Voltage3-1 3.1.5 Condition of Machine to be Tested.3-1 3.1.6 Duration of Application of Test Voltage 3-1 3.1.7 Points of Application of Test Voltage3-2 ? MG 1-2006 Page vi Copyright 2006 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 3.1.8 Accessories and Co
47、mponents3-2 3.1.9 Evaluation of Dielectric Failure.3-2 3.1.10 Initial Test at Destination .3-2 3.1.11 Tests of an Assembled Group of Machines and Apparatus3-2 3.1.12 Additional Tests Made After Installation 3-3 Section I GENERAL STANDARDS APPLYING TO ALL MACHINES Part 4DIMENSIONS, TOLERANCES, AND MO
48、UNTING 4.1 LETTERING OF DIMENSION SHEETS.4-1 4.2 SYSTEM FOR DESIGNATING FRAMES.4-10 4.2.1 Frame Numbers4-10 4.2.2 Frame Letters4-11 4.3 MOTOR MOUNTING AND TERMINAL HOUSING LOCATION.4-12 4.4 DIMENSIONSAC MACHINES 4-14 4.4.1 Dimensions for Alternating-Current Foot-Mounted Machines with Single Straight
49、-Shaft Extension4-14 4.4.2 Shaft Extensions and Key Dimensions for Alternating- Current Foot-Mounted Machines with Single Tapered or Double Straight/Tapered Shaft Extension 4-16 4.4.3 Shaft Extension Diameters and Key Dimensions for Alternating-Current Motors Built in Frames Larger than the 449T Frames 4-17 4.4.4 Dimensions for Type C Face-Mounting Foot or Footless Alternating-Current Motors4-17 4.4.5 Dimensions for Type FC Face Mounting for Accessories on End of Alternating-Current Motors.4-18