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11、9 NFPA Fire Analysis and Research DivisionExecutive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Each year, thousands of civilians die and tens of thousands are injured in home fires in the U.S. In fact, roughly eight out of ten fire deaths in the U.S. occur where people generally feel safest - in their own homes. In
12、order to prevent future home fire deaths and injuries, it is necessary to look at who is dying in home fires, and why. This report identifies the high fire risk groups defined by age and sex. Preschool children (age 5 and under) and older adults (age 65 and over) accounted for a disproportionate num
13、ber of fire deaths in homes. Home fire death rates were roughly twice the national average for adults age 65 and older, nearly three times the national average for adults age 75 and older, and more than four times the national average for adults age 85 and older. Preschool children died at a rate mo
14、re than two and one-third times the national average. Smoking materials were the leading cause of fire deaths for all age groups combined - 23 percent of all deaths and a rate of 3.2 deaths per million population per year. The rate increased as age increased among adult age groups, from 1.9 for ages
15、 20-29 to 12.4 for ages 85 and over. Child-playing fires accounted for by far the largest number of preschooler home fire deaths - 39 percent, or nearly two of every five deaths in this high-risk age group. The leading cause of fatal fires was also child-playing for ages 6-9; incendiary or suspiciou
16、s for ages 10-19; smoking for ages 20-29, 30-49, 50-64, 65-74, and 75- 84; and heating equipment for ages 85 and over. Half of all victims (52 percent) were asleep with no special limitations or impairments noted when the fire occurred. The majority of victims overall (57 percent) were outside the r
17、oom of fire origin when fire began. Older adults ages 65 and older were different, as half these victims were in the room of fire origin, 1999 NFPA Fire Analysis and Research DivisionExecutive Summary and one-fourth were intimate with ignition, compared to one-sixth of the victims of all age groups.
18、 Drug or alcohol impairment was cited for at least one-sixth of victims in the 20-29, 30-49, and 50-64 age groups - all adults except older adults. One-third of preschool victims had the physical and developmental limitations captured by the phrase “too young to act.“ Three-tenths of older adults, a
19、ges 65 and older, had either specific physical or mental disabilities or the more general limitations captured by the phrase “too old to act.“ In addition to the differences in risk by age group, the numbers also show gender differences. The fire death rate for males during 1991-95 was 16.8 fire dea
20、ths per million population, or 51 percent higher than for females. This pattern of higher risk for males is reflected in varying degrees across all age groups. The risk index difference was least pronounced for children ages 6-9, where it was only 15 percent. For non-fatal civilian injuries in home
21、fires, the 85 and over age group was the only high risk age group that was also high-risk for home fire deaths. Their injury rate was 78 percent higher than the national average. Adults age 20-29 were the second highest risk group for fire injuries, with an injury rate one-third (35 percent) higher
22、than the national average. Smoke inhalation alone accounted for the largest share of civilian home fire injuries overall - 43 percent. Smoke inhalation alone accounted for more than half of the injuries to children age 0-5 and 6-9 and to older adults age 75-84 and age 85 and older. A higher percentage of children 5 and under and adults 75 and older were deemed “unable to act“ at the time of injury compared with other age groups. Males were more at risk from injury in home fires than females for all age groups. The most dramatic difference can be seen in the 85 and older group.