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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243 TO PLACE A DOCU
3、MENT ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790 Copyright 1996 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 STANDARD Submitted for recognition as an American National Standard J1091 ISSUED NOV96 Issued199
4、6-11 EARTHMOVING MACHINERYOPERATORS FIELD OF VIEW ForewordThe purpose of this document is to establish a test method to determine the maskings that are caused by various parts of the machine on a visibility test circle around the machine from a point which simulates the eye position of the 50th perc
5、entile earthmoving machinery operator. The document also includes a means of evaluating the field of view. This document differs from ISO 5006 Parts 1 and 2 in the following significant points: a.4.1 allows 15-degree forward rotation of the light source b.6.1.1 allows expanding the test circle in al
6、l sectors to eliminate horizontal blockages for machines larger than 24 tons c.6.2.1 same as 6.1.1 d.6.2.2 allows the light bar to be rotated forward 15 degrees e.6.2.3 allows the light bar to be rotated forward 15 degrees f.9.2.1.5 defines maskings on increased test circle sizes This document does
7、not include criteria as is found in ISO 5006 Part 3. The ISO criteria is shown in Appendix B. 1.ScopeThis SAE Standard specifies a stationary test method for determining the masking effect caused by parts of the base machine with equipment as specified by the manufacturer on a visibility test circle
8、 around the machine from the eye position point of a seated operator. It specifies a method for evaluating the maskings that may be present. It applies to earthmoving machines which have a specific operators station. It does not consider evaluation of maskings which may be present with operational m
9、ovement of working tools. SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -2- 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this document. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All documents are su
10、bject to revision and the user of this document is encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the publications indicated as follows: 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J1163 JUN91Determining Seat Index
11、 Point 2.1.2ISO PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002. ISO 5006-1:91Earth-moving machineryOperators field of viewPart 1: Test method ISO 5006-2:93Earth-moving machineryOperators field of viewPart 2: Evaluation method ISO 5006-3:93Earth-moving machineryOperator
12、s field of viewPart 3: Criteria 2.2Related PublicationsThe following publications are for reference purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J833 MAY89Human Physical Dimensions SAE J111
13、6 JUN86Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines 2.2.2ISO PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002. ISO 3411:82Earth-moving machineryHuman physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope ISO 5353:95Earth-moving machinery and tractor
14、s and machinery for agricultural and forestrySeat index point ISO 6165:87Earth-moving machineryBasic typesVocabulary 3.Definitions 3.1Filament Position Center-PointPoint located 660 mm above and 20 mm in front of the seat index point as defined by SAE J1163. This represents the eye position point of
15、 the 50th percentile world-wide male operator. Available seat adjustment range accounts for the 5th to 95th percentile operator. (See Figure 1.) SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -3- FIGURE 1ARRANGEMENT OF TEST EQUIPMENT (SEE SECTION 4) 3.2Visibility Test CircleCircle with a 12 m radius on a horizontal surface
16、 with its center at the filament position center. The test circle can be increased in size to extend beyond horizontal blockages created by hoods, buckets, blades, etc. 3.3Sector of Vision (Front)Segment of the visibility test circle to the front of the machine established by a 9.5 m cord which is p
17、erpendicular to the longitudinal plane passing through the filament position center point with the cord length bisected by the longitudinal plane. (See Figure 2.) 3.4Field of Vision (Front Side)Segments of the visibility test circle to the front of the machine outside the sector of vision and bounde
18、d by the transverse plane through the filament center-point. (See Figure 2.) 3.5Visual Field (Rear)Segment of the visibility test circle to the rear defined by an angle of 45 degrees to both the right and left sides of the longitudinal plane passing through the filament center-point. (See Figure 2.)
19、 3.6Field of View (Rear Side)Segments of the visibility test circle to the rear between the visual field and the fields of vision. (See Figure 2.) 3.7Masking EffectSegments of the visibility test circle on which a shadow is created because a part(s) of the base machine and/or its equipment block(s)
20、the light rays from both of the filaments. For example, masking could be caused by ROPS, window and door frames, exhaust pipes, the hood and equipment components such as bucket, boom, etc. 3.8Horizontal BlockageLight source is above the blockage and the light can be seen on the ground. 3.9Vertical B
21、lockageA blockage that extends above the light source. SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -4- FIGURE 2DEFINITION OF VISIBILITY TEST AREAS (SEE SECTION 3) 4.Test Apparatus 4.1Light SourceConsisting of two halogen bulbs (or equivalent) mounted with the filaments vertical. The fixture shall be such that the mid-po
22、int of the filaments is at the height of the filament position center-point defined in 3.1. Each filament should be horizontally movable from 32.5 mm up to 202.5 mm on each side of the filament position center-point and rotatable (see Figure 1). The fixture may be capable of 15-degree forward rotati
23、on (parallel to the centerline of the machine) from the SIP perpendicular to the light bar. 4.2Test SurfaceAn area of compacted earth or paved surface which has no more than a 3% gradient in any direction. 5.Machine Test Configuration 5.1The machine shall be equipped according to the manufacturers s
24、pecification. 5.2All machine openings such as doors and windows shall be closed. 5.3The machine shall be set up according to the specific information given in Appendix A for each type of machine. 6.Measurement Procedure 6.1Machine and Filament Placement 6.1.1Place the machine on the test surface and
25、 mark the 12 m radius visibility test circle on the test surface. In addition for machines greater than 24 tons, mark a larger radius, if required, to eliminate horizontal blockages from hoods, buckets, blades, etc., as needed if the maskings exceed the 12 m radius in a sector when tested in accorda
26、nce with 6.2.4. The larger radius shall not exceed 30 m. SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -5- The filament position center-point defined in 3.1 shall be vertically above the visibility circle center-point. 6.1.2Mount the filaments so that they are equally spaced around the filament position center-point defin
27、ed in 3.1. 6.1.3To take measurements, rotate the light bar so that the line between the filaments is perpendicular to the line between the filament position center-point defined in 3.1 and the center of the visibility blockage components. 6.2Determination of Masking 6.2.1Place the light-bulbs so tha
28、t they are 32.5 mm either side of the filament center-point defined in 3.1. Rotate the light bar for one revolution and record the masking effect of each visibility blockage created on the visibility test circle. Measure the maskings in millimeters as a chord-length. NOTE The test can be carried out
29、 in a dark environment where the masking effects can be directly noted on the visibility test circle or a mirror located on the test surface can be used to develop a line of sight to the filament to determine the point on the visibility test circle where masking occurs. 6.2.2If maskings are recorded
30、 in the sectors of vision and field of vision, conduct a second test with the filament spacing up to 202.5 mm to either side of the filament center-point. The light bar may also be rotated forward up to 15 degrees. Record the remaining masking effect, if any, on the visibility test circle. 6.2.3If m
31、askings are recorded in the field of view, carry out a second test with the filament spacing up to 102.5 mm to either side of the filament center-point. The light bar may also be rotated forward up to 15 degrees. 6.2.4If maskings recorded are caused by a horizontal blockage, carry out a second test
32、with a radius of visibility test circle increased to exceed the horizontal blockage. Using the appropriate filament spacing for the segment being measured, record the maskings on the larger visibility test circle, if any. Record the remaining masking effect, if any, on the visibility test circle. 7.
33、Calculation Procedure for Determination of MaskingsThe calculation procedure provides an alternative to the test method. (See Figure 3.) For binocular vision with an eye spacing of s, the masking, expressed in millimeters, is given by Equation 1: (Eq. 1) where: r is the radius from the filament cent
34、er-point on the test surface to the visibility test circle on the test surface, in millimeters b is the width of the component causing the maskings measured horizontally, and perpendicular to the radius from the filament position center-point and the center of the component, in millimeters s is the
35、distance between the filaments, used to represent binocular vision with this eye spacing, in millimeters x is the width of the masking calculation of the masking and becomes less accurate as the length of the masking increases x bs a - - r s+= SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -6- FIGURE 3MATHEMATICAL DETERMIN
36、ATION OF MASKING EFFECTS (SEE SECTION 7) 8.Test ReportThe test report shall include the information indicated in 8.1 and 8.2. 8.1Machine Details a.Manufacturer b.Model c.Machine mass or rated payload d.Serial number e.Operator enclosure and/or ROPS description or identification f.Equipment installed
37、 on the machine g.Any other information which affects the masking measurements 8.2DrawingThe drawing shall show the maskings (dimensions in millimeters) on the visibility test circle by the designated visibility test area with the specific filament spacing. The distance between maskings and also the
38、 distance from the end of the specific visibility test area shall be provided (see Figure 4 for an example). In lieu of a drawing, a tabulation can also be provided if it gives the required information. SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -7- FIGURE 4EXAMPLE OF COMPLETED TEST REPORT 9.Evaluation Method 9.1Genera
39、l 9.1.1When maskings overlap adjacent visibility areas, the masking shall be evaluated in the visibility test area in which the greatest part of the masking lies. 9.1.2Adjacent narrow maskings may be combined with the space between them and treated as one larger masking to reduce the count of maskin
40、gs. SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -8- 9.1.3The space between any two adjacent maskings in the visibility test area being evaluated and the space with adjacent maskings in the adjoining visibility test area shall be equal to or greater than 1 300 mm. If this is not the case, the two maskings and the space s
41、hall be combined to result in one reported masking. See Figures 5 to 7. FIGURE 5CATEGORY I EVALUATION SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -9- FIGURE 6CATEGORY II EVALUATION SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -10- FIGURE 7CATEGORY III EVALUATION 9.1.4A masking under 100 mm may be neglected when it is not covered by the requi
42、rements in 9.1.3. 9.1.5When a radius greater than 12 m is used, the allowable maskings are increased by the ratio of the new radius to the 12 m radius. For example, with a radius of 19 m, the blockage width would increase X1.58. 9.2Maskings at Sector of Vision 9.2.1VISIBILITY CATEGORY IThe visibilit
43、y is evaluated as Category I, if, where measured in accordance with 6.2.1, there are no more than two maskings each with a masking chord length of 700 mm or less. (See Figure 5.) 9.2.2VISIBILITY CATEGORY IIThe visibility is evaluated as Category II, if, when measured in accordance with 6.2.2, the ma
44、sking conditions in 9.2.1 are met. (See Figure 6.) 9.2.3VISIBILITY CATEGORY IIIThe visibility is evaluated as Category III, if, when measured in accordance with 6.2.2, there are no more than two maskings with a masking chord length of 700 mm or less and two maskings with a masking chord length of 1
45、300 mm or less. (See Figure 7.) SAE J1091 Issued NOV96 -11- 9.3Field of Vision 9.3.1VISIBILITY CATEGORY IThe visibility is evaluated as Category I, if, when measured in accordance with 6.2.1, there are no more than one masking with a masking chord length of 700 mm or less and no more than one maskin
46、g with a masking chord length of 1 300 mm or less in each of the left and right areas of the field of vision. (See Figure 5.) 9.3.2VISIBILITY CATEGORY IIThe visibility is evaluated as Category II, if, when measured in accordance with 6.2.2, the masking conditions in 9.3.1 are met. 9.3.3VISIBILITY CA
47、TEGORY IIIThe visibility is evaluated as Category III, if, when measured in accordance with 6.2.2, there are more than one of the maskings of 9.3.2 with a chord length of 5 500 mm or less. (See Figure 7.) 9.4Field of View 9.4.1VISIBILITY CATEGORY IThe visibility is evaluated as Category I, if, when
48、measured in accordance with 6.2.1, there are no more than two maskings with a masking chord length of 700 mm or less in either the left or the right field of view. (See Figure 5.) 9.4.2VISIBILITY CATEGORY IIThe visibility is evaluated as Category II, if, when measured in accordance with ISO 5006-1:1
49、991, 6.2.3, there are no more than one masking with a masking chord length of 700 mm or less and one masking with a masking chord length of 1 300 mm or less in either the left or right field of view. (See Figure 6.) 9.4.3VISIBILITY CATEGORY IIIThe visibility is evaluated as Category III, if, when measured in accordance with 6.2.3, there are no more than one masking with a masking chord length of 700 mm or less and one masking with a masking chord length of 5 000 mm or less in either the left or right field of view