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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243 TO PLACE A DOCU
3、MENT ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790 SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.org Copyright 1995 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.Printed in U.S.A. SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Submitted for recognition as an American
4、National Standard J1456 REAF. JUL95 Issued1984-12 Reaffirmed1995-07 Superseding J1456 JUN90 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE ROTATIONAL SPEED FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE FLYWHEELS ForewordThis Reaffirmed Document has been changed only to reflect the new SAE Technical Standards Board Format. 1.ScopeThis SAE Reco
5、mmended Practice applies to flywheels and flywheel-starter ring gear assemblies used with internal combustion engines of the spark ignition and diesel type equipped with a governor or speed limiting device. Engine sizes are those capable of using SAE No. 6 through SAE No. 00 flywheel housings. This
6、document applies to methods used to determine the rotational speed capability of flywheels for stresses imposed by centrifugal forces only. 1.1PurposeThis document is intended to establish maximum allowable rotational speeds for flywheels under centrifugally imposed stresses. 1.2Exclusions 1.2.1GENE
7、RALThis document does not encompass the selection of flywheel profile, materials, and manufacturing methods. The influence of the following items which may reduce the speed capability of the flywheel below acceptable speed limit are not considered in this document and must be evaluated separately: a
8、.Material fatigue b.Material yielding before the limiting speed or burst speed is reached c.Clutch heat loading and cracks d.Additional loading due to drive coupling members assembled to the flywheel or due to the flywheel drive system type used 1.2.2APPLICATION SPEED RESTRICTIONSThis document does
9、not apply to any application where the engine is not equipped with a governor or speed limiting device or when overspeed (No.) may exceed 50% above the rated engine speed (NR); (No. 1.5 NR). 1.2.3FIELD USAGE AND REWORK RESTRICTIONSThis document does not apply when the following is done without the a
10、pproval of the engine manufacturer: 1.2.3.1The flywheel profile is reworked for another application. SAE J1456 Reaffirmed JUL95 -2- 1.2.3.2The flywheel clutch friction face is refaced beyond the material removal limits recommended by the engine manufacturer. 1.2.3.3The engine and flywheel package ar
11、e used in an application other than the one for which it was originally designed. 1.2.3.4The flywheel is removed from the original engine and installed on another engine where the rated speed or overspeed requirement is higher. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a
12、 part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J1240Flywheel Spin Test Procedure 2.1.2ASTM PUBLICATIONAvailable fr
13、om ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. ASTM E 8Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 3.Rotational Speed Criteria 3.1GeneralFlywheel limiting speed or burst speed capability should be established by spin test(s) and must be adjusted to minimum expected material te
14、nsile strength value. Flywheel speed capability may also be established by an analytical method used closely correlates with the spin test results and spin test data are available on similar profile, size, and same material flywheels. Flywheel material strength is to be established by test bars whic
15、h are to be removed from the critical areas of the flywheel. Strength data obtained from separately poured test bars are to be used for burst speed evaluation. 3.2Predetermined Speed Limit or Minimum Burst SpeedFlywheel predetermined speed limit or minimum burst speed is to be based on Equation 1: (
16、Eq. 1) where: NR = Application full load, governed, rated engine speed (rpm) NB = Predetermined speed limit, actual or corrected minimum burst speed of flywheel (rpm) 3.2.1BURST SPEED CORRECTIONWhen the spin test flywheel material has higher strength than the specified minimum tensile strength value
17、, the measured test burst speed (NT) shall be derated by Equation 2 to obtain the corrected minimum burst speed (Nc): (Eq. 2) The corrected minimum burst speed must be equal to or greater than the minimum burst speed requirement (Nc NB). NB2.50NR= NcNT Minimum Specified Tensile Strength Measured Ten
18、sile Strength of Test Specimen -= SAE J1456 Reaffirmed JUL95 -3- 4.General Instructions 4.1Flywheel Drawing SpecificationsFlywheel material expected minimum strength and hardness specification should be defined and critical areas or sections of the flywheel should be shown on the drawings. Unless ot
19、herwise indicated, the following areas shall be considered as critical areas or sections: a.Flywheel hub b.Thin section in hub area with abrupt profile and section thickness change c.Thick heavy outer rims joining with thin body sections utilizing a small filet radius d.Thin rims of deep pot type fl
20、ywheels where the rim has deep clutch or coupling mounting holes or balance holes e.Rims of pot type flywheels which are interrupted by radially cut slots such as those used for driving the clutch intermediate pressure plate, etc. 4.2Flywheel RedesignFlywheel speed capability should be reconsidered
21、when the flywheel profile or material specifications or heat treatment is altered, or when the casting process or supplier is changed. 4.3Hardness Check 4.3.1Hardness readings can be used to indicate the strength and the uniformity of the flywheel material after hardness-to-strength relationship has
22、 been established. Figure 1 for recommended hardness checking areas, and the number of checks for typical flywheel profiles. CAUTIONHardness readings are not a substitute for tensile test bar data. When estimating the tensile strength of gray iron from the measured hardness values, exercise caution;
23、 hardness to strength relationship can vary considerably. 4.3.2Hardness readings are to be taken on surfaces ground flat to 3.2 m (125 in) AA or less on flywheels selected for spin testing. 4.4Tensile Test BarsTensile test bars removed from the critical areas of the flywheels should be machined per
24、ASTM E 8 (latest issue). 4.5Spin Testing 4.5.1The required number of flywheels for spin testing is to be selected by the engine manufacturer. It is recommended that three flywheels, randomly selected, be spin tested. If the flywheels burst, the lowest test burst speed is to be used for establishing
25、the rotational speed capability of the flywheel. See 3.2.1 for correcting the test burst speed. 4.5.2For flywheel spin testing procedure and inspection of test parts after spin testing, see SAE J1240. SAE J1456 Reaffirmed JUL95 -4- FIGURE 1TYPICAL FLYWHEEL PROFILES AND RECOMMENDED HARDNESS CHECKING
26、AREAS PREPARED BY THE SAE CLUTCH, FLYWHEEL, AND HOUSING STANDARDS COMMITTEE SAE J1456 Reaffirmed JUL95 RationaleNot applicable. Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable. ApplicationThis SAE Recommended practice applies to flywheels and flywheel-starter ring gear assemblies used wit
27、h internal combustion engines of the spark ignition and diesel type equipped with a governor or speed limiting device. Engine sizes are those capable of using SAE No. 6 through SAE No. 00 flywheel housings. This document applies to methods used to determine the rotational speed capability of flywheels for stresses imposed by centrifugal forces only. Reference Section SAE J1240Flywheel Spin Test Procedure ASTM E 8Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials Developed by the SAE Clutch, Flywheel, and Housing Standards Committee