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1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefr
2、om, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2002 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of
3、this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER:Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4
4、970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS:http:/www.sae.org SURFACE VEHICLE 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1849 REV. JUL2002 Issued1989-07 Revised2002-07 Superseding J 1849 AUG95 (R) Emergency Vehicle Sirens TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
5、.Scope. 1 2.References. 2 3.Definitions.3 4.Identification Code and Markings.4 5.Tests. 4 6.Requirements . 11 7.Guidelines 12 8.Notes 13 Appendix A . 14 Appendix B . 16 1.ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice provides laboratory test procedures, requirements and guidelines for electronic siren systems
6、with a single loudspeaker, and electromechanical sirens for use on authorized emergency vehicles, which call for the right-of-way. This document is applicable only to such sirens that have all dimensions across the sound-emitting opening equal to or less than 0.5 m. Test procedures and performance r
7、equirements for individual system components are not included in this version. Data obtained from measurements of siren performance depend not only on the characteristics of the siren tested, but additionally on the test procedures and the characteristics of the measurement instrumentation and test
8、environment. These additional factors must be well defined and controlled to obtain reliable data. Detailed test methods are described here, which include specifications for a laboratory environment, to minimize the measurement uncertainty and obtain accurate and reproducible measurement results. Su
9、ch results are necessary to qualify the performance of all sirens as equally as practicable. Requirements have been established based on the laboratory-measured performance of sirens that have been effective in emergency service. SAE J1849 Revised JUL2002 -2- Whether a person will hear, recognize, a
10、nd react quickly enough to the warning sounds produced by a siren during an emergency depends on many factors in addition to the sound pressure level (SPL) it produces in a controlled test environment. Reflection, scattering and attenuation caused by objects such as buildings, trees, road surfaces a
11、nd vehicles contribute to sound propagation losses. Absorption of sound by the atmosphere itself also results in losses. Windows, soundproofing and other materials that are part of a vehicle further decrease sound levels. Background noises also interfere with the audibility of acoustical signals, an
12、 effect called masking. Siren sounds are masked by traffic and community noise, and noise produced by car stereos, air conditioning, wind and rain. There are also variations in how well different people can detect, identify and localize sounds, which are partly due to their ability to hear as a func
13、tion of frequency. Finally, how effectively someone can react to a detected sound depends on the proximity and speed of the emergency vehicle, the speed of their vehicle, and their reflexes. Emergency vehicle sirens do not produce sounds that are loud enough to warn effectively in all circumstances.
14、 A report prepared for the U.S. Department of Transportation by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman Inc. concluded that the sound levels produced by sirens would have to be increased greatly, to the point where these levels would be intolerable to the community, to be loud enough to warn effectively in all or
15、dinary circumstances. There is no assurance that all other motorists will always hear, recognize, or react quickly enough to the warning sounds produced by a siren to take appropriate action. It is necessary for emergency vehicle operators to watch for the reaction of other motorists to the siren an
16、d be prepared to maneuver accordingly. Sirens have been effective in calling for the right-of-way by an emergency vehicle, but must always be used in conjunction with effective visual warning devices and operated only by properly trained personnel who are aware of the limitations noted here. There i
17、s an additional concern for emergency vehicle operators and others exposed to siren noise. Sounds produced by emergency vehicle sirens are loud enough to increase the risk of temporary or permanent hearing loss. Appendix A contains information regarding occupational hearing loss and exposure to sire
18、n noise. Appendix B is a data sheet that includes Tables B1 through B5C and descriptive statements for use when documenting test results. It outlines the data that must be recorded when performing the measurements specified in this document. 2.References 2.1Applicable PublicationsThe following publi
19、cations form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J336Sound Level for Truck Cab Interior SAE J575Test
20、Methods and Equipment for Lighting Devices and Components for Use on Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in Overall Width SAE J759Lighting Identification Code SAE J994AlarmBackupElectric Laboratory Performance Testing SAE J1113-21Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurement Procedure for Vehicle ComponentsPart
21、21: Immunity to Electromagnetic Fields, 10 kHz to 18 GHz, Absorber-Lined Chamber SAE J1113-41Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of Components and Modules for the Protection of Receivers Used On-Board Vehicles SAE J1849 Revised JUL2002 -3- 2.1.2ANSI PUBLICATIONSAva
22、ilable from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002. ANSI S1.1-1994 (R 1999)Acoustical Terminology ANSI S1.4-1983 (R 1997)Specification for Sound Level Meters ANSI S1.15-1997/Part 1Measurement MicrophonesPart 1: Specifications for Laboratory Standard Microphones ANSI S1.40-1984 (R1997)Spe
23、cification for Acoustical Calibrators ANSI S1.42-1986 (R 1998)Design Response of Weighting Networks for Acoustical Instruments 2.1.3IEC PUBLICATIONSAvailable from IEC, Geneva Switzerland. IEC 61094-1 (2000-07)Measurement MicrophonesPart 1: Specifications for Laboratory Standard Microphones IEC 61094
24、-4 (1995-11)Measurement MicrophonesPart 4: Specifications for Working Standard Microphones 2.1.4DOT PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. Effectiveness of Audible Warning Devices on Emergency Vehicles. Report No. DOT-TSC-OST- 77-38. R.C. Potter
25、, S.A. Fidell, M.M. Myles and D.N. Keast. Work performed by Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. for the U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC 20590; August 1977 2.1.5OTHER PUBLICATIONSNIOSH publications available from NIOSH, Cincinnati Ohio 45226. Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupatio
26、nal Noise Exposure Revised Criteria 1998. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 98-126. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998; June 1998 Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss - A Practical Guide. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 96-110. National Institute for Occupationa
27、l Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998; October 1996 The NIOSH Compendium of Hearing Protection Devices. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 95-105. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998; October 1994 Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 81-059-1045, Newbu
28、rgh Fire Department, Newburgh, New York, Tubbs, R.A., Flesch, J.P., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998; February 1982 Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 84-493-1583, General Services Administration, Washington, DC., Flesch, J.P., Tubbs, R.A., National
29、Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226- 1998; April 1985 2.2Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this specification. 2.2.1CALIFORNIA CODE OF REGULATIONSAvailable from Barclays Law Publishe
30、rs, South San Francisco, CA 94111. California Code of Regulations Title 13, Article 8 SAE J1849 Revised JUL2002 -4- 3.Definitions 3.1SirenA device or system for producing acoustical signals that continuously vary in frequency and call for the right-of-way of an emergency vehicle. These signals, and
31、the electrical signals that produce them, are generally referred to as siren signals. 3.2Electronic Siren AmplifierA device that is powered by the electrical system of the vehicle and produces an electrical signal that drives an electronic siren speaker. The amplifier also includes any controls for
32、siren operation. 3.3Electronic Siren SpeakerA transducer that converts the electrical signal from an electronic siren amplifier into acoustical energy. An electronic siren speaker includes the electroacoustical transducer and all mechanisms or housings required to couple and control the transducer a
33、coustical output. 3.4Electronic Siren SystemA siren that is the combination of an electronic siren amplifier and an electronic siren speaker or speakers. 3.5Electromechanical SirenA siren that converts electrical energy into acoustical energy without the use of an electronic power amplifier. An exam
34、ple of such a siren is a motor-driven rotor spinning inside a fixed stator. 3.6Cycling PeriodThe time required for the siren signal to sweep from the lowest to the highest fundamental frequency and back to the lowest fundamental frequency. 3.7Sound Pressure Level (SPL)Defined in ANSI S1.1-1994 as te
35、n times the logarithm to the base ten of the ratio of the time-mean-square pressure of a sound, in a stated frequency band, to the square of the reference sound pressure in gases of 20 Pa. 3.8A-Weighted Sound Pressure LevelA sound pressure level that has been measured with an A-weighting filter that
36、 meets the requirements of ANSI S1.42-1986. 3.9Fast Time SettingA setting available on sound level meters and other acoustical measurement instruments that provides the exponential-time averaging constant specified in ANSI S1.4-1983 for the fast exponential- time averaging characteristic. 3.10 Long-
37、Term Time SettingAny setting on a sound level meter or other acoustical measurement instrument that provides an exponential-time averaging constant of at least 20 s. 3.11 Device AxisThe axis that passes through the center of the sound emitting opening of the siren speaker, and is parallel to the for
38、ward facing direction of the siren speaker as installed on a vehicle according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. 3.12 Wail ModeSiren mode of operation that produces the wail signal, which is specified in 6.1.2.1. 3.13 Yelp ModeSiren mode of operation that produces the yelp signal, wh
39、ich is specified in 6.1.2.2. 3.14 Maximum rms Level Hold FunctionA detector output function of the acoustical measurement system that holds the maximum true rms level measured and outputs this level to the meter (e.g., “max hold” or “hold” functions in rms mode). 3.15 Normal rms Level FunctionA dete
40、ctor output function of the acoustical measurement system that outputs the true rms level measured to the meter. SAE J1849 Revised JUL2002 -5- 4.Identification Code and Markings 4.1Identification CodeEmergency vehicle sirens or siren system components shall be marked with the code that indicates the
41、 function or functions for which the device was originally designed in accordance with SAE J759. This code also indicates the general location on/in a vehicle where the siren or siren system component should be permanently mounted. The code “EVS1” is for such devices that mount in the interior of th
42、e vehicle, including the trunk or any other dry compartment, code “EVS2” is for such devices that mount outside the vehicle, except under the hood, and code “EVS3” is for such devices that mount under hood. 4.2MarkingsAll devices shall be marked using characters that are 3.0 mm or greater in height.
43、 After all of the appropriate environmental testing has been performed and the marking areas have been cleaned using a mild soap solution and towel, markings on labels must be clearly visible and legible, and the label shall remain reliably affixed to the device. All electronic siren system componen
44、ts shall be marked to indicate that they meet the requirements specified in SAE J1849 only when used with each other, and shall not be interchanged with components of other systems. 4.2.1ELECTROMECHANICAL SIRENSThe name of the manufacturer, the model number, the input voltage, operating current, mou
45、nting orientation, and the identification code shall be marked. 4.2.2ELECTRONIC SIREN SPEAKERSThe name of the manufacturer, the model number, mounting orientation, and the identification code shall be marked. 4.2.3ELECTRONIC SIREN AMPLIFIERS AND ASSOCIATED CONTROLSThe name of the manufacturer, the m
46、odel number, the operating (power supply) voltage and current, and the identification code shall be marked. If the amplifier and controls are separate components, each component shall be labeled as a part of a system and the identification code shall be marked on each component. 5.TestsPersonnel sho
47、uld be required to wear hearing protectors when exposure to acoustical noise equals or exceeds the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (see Appendix A). Hearing protectors should attenuate noise sufficiently to keep exposure at the ear below this recommended limit. During testing, personnel should wear
48、 hearing protection any time the siren is activated in their general vicinity. For all of the tests described as follows, the sirens tested shall be new, undamaged and randomly drawn from the production population. Five sirens, which will be referred to as siren #1 through siren #5, shall be used fo
49、r the tests. Each siren shall be physically marked with its designated number. Siren #1 shall be subjected to the entire acoustical test. The other four sirens shall be subjected to the SPL measurement only at the measurement angle of 0 degree. After all four of these sirens have been subjected to this SPL measurement: Siren #2 shall be subjected to the electromagnetic compatibility tests, which are described in 5.6, 5.7, and 5.8. Siren #3 shall be subjected to the vibration, corrosion, dust and moisture tests, in the order written. Only th