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1、Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-AC1 SP-Lbb-ENGL L99b Obb2949 0527993 b7L W Properties an
2、d Uses 1 of Polymers in Concrete Editors Jack J. Fontana Al O. Kaeding Paul D. Krauss SP-166 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitte
3、d without license from IHS -,-,- STD-AC1 SP-Lbb-ENGL L77b W bb2949 0527992 508 W DISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of dis
4、cussion is June 1, 1997. All discussion approved by the Technical Activities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors will be published in the September-October 1997 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper.
5、The Institute is not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have
6、 been reviewed under Institute publication procedures by individuals expert in the subject areas of the papers. Copyright o 1996 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE P.O. Box 9094 Farmington Hills, Michigan 48333 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, includ
7、ing the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Prin
8、ted in the United States of America Editorial production Victoria Lunick and Anne Sharp Library of Congress catalog card number 96-86504 i Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:5
9、5:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-AC1 SP-Lbb-ENGL L99b m Obb2949 0529993 4L(b( = PREFACE AC1 Committee 548 has sponsored eleven symposia since its organization in 1971, to help fulfill its mission to report information on the use of polymers in concre
10、te. Proceedings of the first five symposia were published by AC1 in SP-40, SP-58, SP-69, SP-89, and SP-99, respectively. Papers from the next three symposia held in 1986 and 1989 were published either in Concrete International or in ACI Materials Journal. The proceedings of the ninth symposium were
11、published in SP-137. This volume contains the papers that were presented at the 10th and 1 lth symposia that were held in Minneapolis, Mim., and Tarpon Springs, Fl., in 1993 and 1994, respectively. There were a total of four sessions, the first titled “Polymer Concrete Overlays, “ the second “Recent
12、 Innovations in Polymer Concrete Technology, “ the third and fourth “Structural Properties of Polymer Concrete, Parts I and II.“ The sessions were chaired by Jack J. Fontana, Paul D. Krauss, and AI O. Kaeding. As chair of AC1 548, I would like to express my thanks to these three gentlemen for chairi
13、ng the sessions and arranging review of the papers. Thanks are due also to the authors who made the proceedings possible, as well as to those committee members who assisted by reviewing the printed papers. D. Gerry Walters Chairman, AC1 548 iii Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS u
14、nder license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- AC1 Committee 548 POLYMERS IN CONCRETE Phillip L. Andreas John J. Bartholomew Gary A. Billard W. Barry Butler Rober
15、t R. Cain Paul D. Carter Frank J. Constantino Glenn W. De Puy Floyd E. Dimmick William T. Dohner Larry J. Farrell Jack J. Fontana David W. Fowler Robert W. Gaul Lu Anqi Satish Chandra Zhi-Yuan Chen Inz L. Czarnecki Richard J. Ernst Johan Alexanderson Hiram P. Ball, Jr. Mrinmay Biswas Arthur M. Dinit
16、z Harold R. Edwards Ben C. Gerwick, Jr. George C. Hoff Craig W. Johnson John F. Kane Makoto Kawakami D. Gerry Walters Chairman Arthur H. Gerber Albert O. Kaeding Mohammad S. Khan Lou A. Kuhlmann James E. Maass Henry N. Marsh, Jr. Stella L. Marusin Joseph A. McElroy John R. Milliron Richard Montani L
17、arry C. Muszynski Nabar Shreerang Sandor Popovics Rockwell T. Rookey Paul D. Krauss Secretary Consulting members Reiner Kreis Deon Kruger William Lee William C. McBee Associate members Rene Kreienbuhl V. M. Malhotra Charles R. McClaskey Michael J. OBrien Yoshihiko Ohama Charles D. Pomeroy Richard C.
18、 Prusinski Wilfried H. Riesterer John R. Robinson Robert L. Rowan, Jr. Emanuel J. Scarpinato Donald A. Schmidt Ernest K. Schrader Qizhong Sheng W. Glenn Smoak Joe Solomon Michael M. Sprinkel Barendra K. Talukdar Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan Harold H. Weber, Jr. Ronald P. Webster David P. Whitney Yoga V.
19、 Yogendran V. V. Paturoev Jerzy Pietrzykowski Arturo Rio Meyer Steinberg Walter G. J. Ryan Mark L. Sampson Borys F. Schafran Larry E. Schwietz Surendra P. Shah George J. Venta Alan H. Vroorn Richard E. Weyers Robert L. Yuan iv Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with
20、ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- S T D - A C 1 SP-Lbb-ENGL L79b ObbZYLI9 0529795 217 m CONTENTS PREFACE . iii FLEXURAL ANO FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF GLASS FIBER REINFORC
21、ED POLYESTER POLYMER CONCRETE by C. Vipulanandan and S. Mebarkia . 1 PERFORMANCE OF STEEL-POLYMER CONCRETE COMPOSITE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS by C. Vipulanandan, S. T. Mau, Syam K. Mantrala, and S. Wei 17 MEASUREMENT OF SHRINKAGE-INDUCED STRESS IN POLYMER CONCRETE OVERLAYS by Jamal-Aldin H. Zalatimo and
22、David W. Fowler 37 SHEAR AND FLEXURE BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED POLYMER CONCRETE MADE WITH RECYCLED PLASTIC WASTES by K. S. Rebeiz and David W. Fowler 61 STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF POLYMER CONCRETE MADE WITH RESINS BASE0 ON RECYCLE0 PLASTIC WASTE by K. S. Rebeiz and David W. Fowler 79 THERMAL STRESSES IN PO
23、LYMER CONCRETE OVERLAYS by Donguk Choi, David W. Fowler, and Dan L. Wheat 93 LABORATORY STUDY OF FATIGUE OF POLYMER-MODIFIED POROUS CONCRETE FOR ITS USE AS TOP LAYER OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS by Miguel Angel Pindado, Antonio Aguado, Alejandro Josa, and Erik Onstenk . 123 A NEW FAMILY OF LATEXES FOR PORT
24、LAND CEMENT by Lou A. Kuhlmann . 141 POLYMER-MODIFIE0 CONCRETE OVERLAYS ON INDUSTRIAL ASPHALT FLOORS by Johan Silfwerbrand 165 V Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo
25、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD.AC1 SP-Lbb-ENGL 177b Obb29Li7 052777b 253 = TIMED RELEASE OF POLYMERS INSIDE CONCRETE TO REDUCE PERMEABILITY by Carolyn Ory . 177 POLYESTER-BASED LOW-SHRINKAGE POLYMER CONCRETE by James E. Maass 189 15-YEAR TRACKING STUDY: COMP
26、ARING EPOXY POLYMER CONCRETE TO PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE APPLIED ON SLAB-ON-GRADE AND BRIDGE DECKS by Floyd E. Dirnrnick, Sr. 211 EPOXY ASPHALT CONCRETE-A POLYMER CONCRETE WITH 25 YEARS EXPERIENCE by Robert W. Gaul 233 DESIGN OF BURIED GAS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM VAULTS MADE WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYME
27、R CONCRETE by R. P. Webster, C. A. Miller, and J. J. Fontana . 253 SI (METRIC) TABLES . 271 INDEX 273 vi Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction or network
28、ing permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STD-AC1 SP-Lbb-ENGL L7lb Obb27LI9 0527977 09T SP 166-1 Flexural and Fracture Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Polymer Concrete by C. Vipulanandan and S. Mebarkia Flexural behavior of a polyester polymer concrete was investigated by varying t
29、he polymer and fiber contents. The polymer content was varied up to 18% of the total weight of polymer concrete (PC). The chopped glass fibers were 13 mm long and the fiber content was varied up to 6% (by weight of PC). The fine aggregates were well graded with particle size varying from 0.1 to 5 mm
30、 and were mainly quartz. The fine aggregates and glass fibers were also pretreated with a coupling agent (y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, y- MPS) to improve flexural and fracture properties of PC. In general, addition of fibers increased the flexural strength, failure strain (strain at peak s
31、tress) and fracture properties but the flexural modulus of PC remained almost unchanged. Addition of 6% fiber content and silane treatment of aggregates and fibers increased the flexural strength of 18% PC to 41.6 MPa (6,040 psi), almost doubling the strength of unreinforced 18% PC system. Crack res
32、istance curves based on stress intensity factor (KR-CWVe) have been developed for the fiber reinforced PC systems. A two-parameter relationship was used to predict the complete flexural stress-strain data. There is good agreement between the predicted and measured stress-strain relationships. Kevwor
33、ds: Coupling agents; esters; fibers (discrete fibers); flexural strength; fracture properties; polymer concrete 1 Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction o
34、r networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- STDmACI SP-Lbb-ENGL L99b M Obb2949 U529998 T2b M 2 Vipulanandan and Mebarkia C. Vipulanandan is a professor of civil engineering at the University of Houston, Texas. He is also the director of the Center for Innovative Grouting Materials and Tech
35、nology (CIGMAT) at the University of Houston. He received his MS and PhD from Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois and BSc from University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. He is a member of AC1 committees 446 Fracture Mechanics, and 548 Polymers in Concrete S. Mebarkia is a Staff Engineer in Texas Dep
36、artment of Transportation, Houston, Texas 77067. He received his MS and PhD from University of Houston, Texas. INTRODUCTION Polymer concrete is produced using dry aggregates as filler and polymerizing monomers as binder. The composition of PC is determined by its applications, especially loading str
37、ess levels and chemical environment. The high-strength, rapid-setting and corrosive resistance makes polymer composite a potential material for structural repairs, and for new constructions which are regularly exposed to strong alkaline environments (1-4). Polyester polymer is one of the most popula
38、r polymer binders used in PC (5). PC exhibits brittle failure (6,7) and therefore improving its post-peak stress-strain behavior is important. Hence developing better PC systems and also characterizing the flexural strength and fracture properties in terms of constituents are essential in aiding the
39、 efficient utilization of PC. In order to improve the post-peak behavior and toughness, glass fibers can be added to the PC matrix. Substantial experience and broader knowledge of the optimal compositions, properties and stress-strain relationships of the fiber reinforced PC are necessary with respe
40、ct to design, production and quality control. The post-peak behavior and the strain softening stress-strain relationship are essential in evaluating the performance of the material for impact, earthquake and fatigue loading. In this study, the flexural properties of the glass-fiber-reinforced PC are
41、 investigated at room temperature. For the PC systems, a well graded blasting sand was used as the filler and polymer content was varied between 10% and 18% by weight of the PC. The glass fibers were added up to 6% by weight of the PC. Also the role of silane coupling agent on the behavior of PC was
42、 studied. Relationships have been developed to represent the flexural stress- strain behavior and fracture resistance curve of PC. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE Polymer concrete is increasingly used in various applications and hence require better characterization of its flexural and fracture properties. Al
43、so methods to improve the performance of a polyester based polymer concrete have been investigated. Copyright American Concrete Institute Provided by IHS under license with ACI Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/17/2007 07:55:05 MDTNo reproduction or networking p
44、ermitted without license from IHS -,-,- Polymers in Concrete 3 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM The constituents used in manufacturing the PC are summarized in Table 1. The viscosity of the unsaturated polyester monomer varied between 40 and 50 poise. Polymerization of unsaturated polyester dissolved in styrene
45、 (a mix of 65% unsaturated polyester, 35% styrene) is by free radical copolymerization. Cobalt napthenate (0.3% by weight of resin) was used as the promoter and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (1.5%) was used as the initiator. The Blasting sand with sub-angular particles had a coefficient of uniformity
46、 of 5.8. The sand particles were mainly quartz and had a specific gravity of 2.65. The grain size ranged from O. 1 to 5 mm and was compared to fine aggregate recommended by ASTM C33-85 in Fig. 1. The 13 mm long chopped glass fiber elements have up to about 800 glass strands bonded together. The aver
47、age diameter of a glass strand was 0.013 mm with a fiber tensile strength of 2,500 MFa (363 ksi), and modulus of 70 GPa (10,160 ksi). The silane coupling agent (y- methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, y-MPS) was introduced into the PC by pretreatment of glass fibers and aggregates (8). The aggregates
48、 and glass fibers were treated by wetting them with 2% aqueous solution of silane coupling agent. The trimethoxy group undergoes hydrolysis in aqueous solution and hydroxyl groups are then available to form oxane bonds to the sand and glass fiber surface. The treated aggregates and fibers were allowed to dry at 1000 C for 24 hours prior to mixing with the resin. PC specimens were compacted in three layers in a teflon lined aluminum mold of dimensions 230 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm. All the flexure and fracture