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1、ACRP Problem No. 12-02-29 Understanding Gaseous HAPs Species Chemical Transformation at Airports ACRP Staff Comments: There are several ongoing studies concerning HAPs that would need to be considered for the proposed research, including ACRP Project 02-03A, Measurement of Gaseous HAP Emissions from
2、 Idling Aircraft as a Function of Engine and Ambient Conditions and ACRP Project 02-04A, Summarizing and Interpreting Aircraft Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Data. This work would be follow-on work, focusing on providing improved input to health-related impact studies. TRB Aviation Group Committe
3、es Comments: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AVIATION CMTE - Support. This projects builds upon ACRP Project 02-03A, Measurement of Gaseous HAP Emissions from Idling Aircraft as a Function of Engine and Ambient Conditions, and ACRP Project 02-08, Quantifying Contributions of Local Air Quality Impacts from
4、Airport-Related Emissions, and will help to establish Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) emissions levels around the airport complex. It would also be useful to look at particulate matter. Review Panel Comments: Not recommended This project would duplicate work underway in PARTNER. AOC Disposition: No
5、funds allocated. No discussion. ACRP Problem Statement A AC CR RP P Problem NumberProblem Number: 12-02-29 I. PROBLEM TITLE Understanding Gaseous HAPs Species Chemical Transformation at Airports II. RESEARCH STATEMENT With various recent and on-going research efforts (including those through ACRP),
6、Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP) emissions from aircraft are becoming better understood. Case in point are the speciation profiles that have been developed to apportion total Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to its constituent components, including HAPs, which have significantly raised the aviation co
7、mmunitys understanding of HAP emissions. With the focus on emissions, there have only been a “residual” highlight of ambient measurements that have been collected, usually to support the understanding of the near-field downwind transformations. These types of ambient measurements are generally used
8、to support the overall understanding of emissions. Indeed, the measured concentrations are converted to emissions to representative near field emissions. Although there are various scattered sets of measured concentrations from airport projects (e.g., EIS, health impact studies, FAA research, etc.),
9、 they are generally only useful to represent static air quality (static concentrations) in and around the airport, and cannot be used to gain a better understanding of the dynamic characteristics (reactions, decay, etc.) of HAPs species. With the increasing concerns from the public concerning airpor
10、t health impacts, it is important to gain a better understanding of the behavior of these pollutants in the atmosphere. As such, it is recommended that a concerted effort be made to study the changing characteristics of HAPs species by measuring concentrations downwind and at several distances away
11、from a source (e.g., taxiway, runway, etc.). As part of this fall-off analysis to better understand species transformation and decay, various important ambient characteristics can be determined. For example, this includes the relationship of Formaldehyde concentrations to those of other species (sim
12、ilar to the relationships seen in emissions) and the ambient NO2/NOx concentration ratio as well as O3 background concentrations to better understand NO2 formation. Although the on-going ACRP Project 02-08 provides some assessments of HAPs species, it does so with the purpose of comprehensively unde
13、rstanding airport contributions to local air quality. It will not provide detailed information on HAPs species behavior. Hence, Project 02-08 would only serve as a good starting point for this project. Again, the proposed project is intended to specifically focus on the drop-off rates from assessing
14、 HAPs concentrations from systematically-placed receptors that are uniform distances (e.g., 100 ft, 200 ft, 300 ft, etc.) away from the source. Without these types of studies, it will be very difficult to predict concentrations of HAPs on a local level near airports with any accuracy. III. OBJECTIVE
15、 The objective of this project is to develop an information report that provides a better understanding of how HAPs species behave in the atmosphere and how the measured data may be used to improve modeling efforts that can ultimately lead to improved health impact assessments. IV. RESEARCH PROPOSED
16、 To conduct this research, the following tasks are recommended: 1. Conduct literature review of existing airport projects including the findings from ACRP Project 02-08. 2. Based on the literature review, develop a measurement plan to gather data from three (3) measurement campaigns at a suitable ai
17、rport. 3. Conduct measurements of concentrations and gather airport activity data. 4. Process the data, develop list of dependent variables, and develop analytical/statistical relationships with concentrations. 5. Develop informational report. V. ESTIMATE OF THE PROBLEM FUNDING AND RESEARCH PERIOD R
18、ecommended Funding: $500,000 Research Period: 24 months VI. URGENCY AND PAYOF POTENTIAL This project will help airports and consultants better understand and predict the types and concentration levels of HAPs species by airport operations, meteorological conditions, geographical characteristics, etc
19、. This will help advance HAPs dispersion modeling efforts, and ultimately lead to better health impact assessments. As such, airports will be able to more properly respond to public scrutiny of airport HAP emissions, and concerns thereof. VII. RELATED RESEARCH ACRP Project 02-08 is intended to asses
20、s the contribution of airports to local air quality through the combined use of modeling and measurements. While related, that project does not specifically address chemical transformation of HAPs species. VIII. PERSON(S) DEVELOPING THE PROBLEM Roger Wayson, Ph.D. Brian Kim, Ph.D. National Expert on
21、 Air Quality Air Quality Program Manager Volpe National Transportation Systems Center Wyle, Inc. 55 Broadway 241 18th Street, Suite 701 Cambridge, MA 02142 Arlington, VA 22202 (830) 693-0801 (770) 695-6767 roger.waysondot.gov IX. PROCESS USED TO DEVELOP PROBLEM STATEMENT The problem statement was developed based on hands-on experiences gained from years of research and consulting work conducted by Roger Wayson and Brian Kim. X. DATE AND SUBMITTED BY March 11, 2011 Brian Kim, Ph.D. Air Quality Program Manager Wyle, Inc. 241 18th Street, Suite 701 Arlington, VA 22202 (770) 695-6767