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1、American National Standard for Consumer Turf Care Equipment Walk-Behind Mowers and Ride-On Machines with Mowers Safety Specifications ANSI B71.1-2003 ANSI B71.1-2003 ANSI B71.1-2003 Revision of ANSI/OPEI B71.1-1998 American National Standard for Consumer Turf Care Equipment Walk-Behind Mowers and Ri
2、de-On Machines with Mowers Safety Specifications Sponsor Outdoor Power Equipment Institute Approved September 23, 2003 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria fo
3、r approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgement of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not nece
4、ssarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standa
5、rds or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no
6、 person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTIO
7、N NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current infor
8、mation on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. American National Standard Published by American National Standards Institute, Inc. 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036 Copyright 2004 by American National Standards Institute All rights reserved. No part of
9、 this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America i Contents Page Foreword.iii Part I: General 1Scope . 1 2Normative references. 1 3Definitions. 3 Part II: Walk-B
10、ehind Mowers 4Controls 6 5Shields or guards 6 6Servicing. 7 7Electrical requirements. 7 8Label durability requirements . 8 9General requirements (Blade rotation warning) 8 10Specific requirements - Rotary mowers 9 11Specific requirements - Reel mowers. 18 12Safety messages for walk-behind mowers. 19
11、 Part III: Ride-on mowers, lever steer mowers, lawn tractors, and lawn and garden tractors 13Identification . 20 14Controls 20 15Shields or guards 26 16Servicing. 28 17Electrical requirements. 28 18Label durability requirements . 29 19Requirements for ride-on machines . 29 20Safety messages for ride
12、-on machines 35 21General requirements for ride-on rotary and reel mowers 36 22Specific requirements for ride-on rotary mowers and mower attachments 37 Figures 1Single-blade walk-behind mowers 46 2Multiblade walk-behind mowers . 46 3Impact test fixtures . 47 4Thrown object test fixture . 48 5(a) Saf
13、ety messages for walk-behind mowers. 56 ii Page 5(b) Safety instructions for walk-behind mowers. 57 6Finger probe. 60 7Safety messages for ride-on machines 61 8Safety instructions for ride-on mowers. 62 9Characteristic dimensions of a ride-on machine. 66 10Ride-on machine 67 11Probe test fixture 68
14、12Fixture for structural integrity 69 Annexes ARationale 72 BPictorials. 87 CCPSC Requirements for walk-behind mowers. 93 DBibliography 109 iii Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI B71.1-2003.) This standard is a revision of American National Standard for Consumer t
15、urf care equipment Walk behind mowers and ride-on machines with mowers Safety spec- ifrications, ANSI/OPEI B71.1-1998. The first edition of this standard was approved and published by the American National Standards Institute in 1960. It has been re- vised twelve times since initial publication, inc
16、luding this revision. Consensus for this standard was achieved by use of the Canvass Method. This standard contains four informative annexes, all of which are not considered part of this standard. Suggestions for improvement of the standard will be welcomed. They should be sent to the Outdoor Power
17、Equipment Institute, 341 South Patrick Street, Alexandria, VA 22314. The following organizations recognized as having an interest in the standardization of safety requirements for walk-behind mowers and ride-on machines with mowers were contacted prior to the approval of this revision of the standar
18、d. Inclusion in the list does not necessarily imply that the organization concurred with the submittal of the proposal to ANSI. American Consulting Association of Landscape Contractors of America Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Deere It is generally designed for mowing lawns; It shall have
19、 all implements separate from the tractor; It provides means to lift an implement such as a moldboard plow, tiller, cultivator, snow thrower, sweeper, or dozer blade. 3.31.2 lawn ride-on: A self-propelled machine, designed and advertised for general-purpose lawn work, having the following characteri
20、stics: It is designed to supply power for home lawn and garden maintenance implements; It is generally designed for mowing lawns; It may have implements separate from the tractor; It may provide for means to lift an implement such as a sweeper or snow thrower. 3.32 vertical angle of opening: (See Fi
21、gure 9.) The angle formed in a vertical plane between the horizontal plane and an unobstructed line tangent to the blade tip circle extending, in the direction of rotation, to a vertical extremity of the opening. For a multi-blade mower, this vertical angle is to be determined for each blade. 3.34 v
22、ertical plane: Any plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane. 3.35 width of cut: The measurement of cut made by the rotating blades. (See figures 1,2, and 9.) ANSI B71.1-2003 6 Part II: Walk-Behind Mowers 4 Controls 4.1 Control identification The controls used for traction speed, gear selection, p
23、ower source shutoff (unless operator-presence type), power take-off (PTO), service brake, parking brake, and traction clutch (unless operator-presence type) shall be identified by a durable label. Universal symbols in ANSI/SAE J1362 or ISO 3767-1, -2, or -3 may be used. 4.2 Shutoff control device A
24、shutoff control device shall be provided to stop operation of the engine (motor). This device shall require manual and intentional activation in order to restart the engine (motor). 4.3 Handle-mounted engine speed controls Handle-mounted engine speed controls shall move generally forward to increase
25、 speed, and generally rearward to decrease speed or stop. 4.4 Self-propelled mowers Wheel-drive controls shall move generally opposite to the direction of mower travel in order to disengage the drive, except operator-presence controls, which may operate in any direction to disengage the drive. Wheel
26、-drive disengaging controls shall be mounted with the control convenient to the operator while mowing. 5 Shields or guards 5.1 Power drives All power-driven shafts, chains, belts, gears, friction drivers, and pulleys shall be positioned or otherwise guarded to prevent the operators accidental contac
27、t during normal starting and operation of the machine. Rope starter pulleys may be exposed only when starting engine. 5.2 Heat protection A guard or shield shall be provided to prevent inadvertent contact with any exposed components that are hot and may cause burns during normal starting and operati
28、on of the machine. 5.3 Fuel ignition protection Overflow gasoline shall be diverted away from the muffler outlet area. 5.4 Attachment of shields or guards All shields or guards, except for those that are required to comply with 10.1.3 and 10.2.1, shall be either permanently attached or secured to pr
29、event removal without the use of tools. ANSI B71.1-2003 7 6 Servicing 6.1 General requirements Specific written instructions shall be provided with the equipment for servicing operations, recommended by the manufacturer, that shall be performed with the engine running. 6.2 Servicing points Access do
30、ors, shields, or guards shall be provided to prevent inadvertent operator contact with hazardous servicing points. 7 Electrical requirements 7.1 General The specifications given in this standard are not intended to completely cover electrical requirements. There are such pronounced differences in th
31、e sizes and types of electrically driven outdoor power equipment that no materials, conductors, insulation, or other components can be specifically designated as standard. Therefore, all such items shall be carefully chosen for each application, giving maximum consideration to safety, efficiency, an
32、d accessibility. For these reasons, the references to the standards and recommended practices of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in this clause should be considered as guidance in design rather than exact conformance requirements. Any equivalent alternates will be considered acceptable. 7.
33、2 Line voltage The electrical requirement for line voltage equipment is not covered in this standard. 7.3 Low-voltage battery-powered circuits (not including magneto grounding circuits) 7.3.1 Insulated cables Insulated cables comprising wiring circuits should be protected by rubber, plastic, nonmeta
34、llic tape, or nonmetallic braid covering capable of withstanding severe abrasion, except where otherwise protected or not in potentially abrasive contact with metal surfaces. This wiring assembly shall, where possible, be grouped together, be properly supported, and be located so that no portion is
35、in contact with the carburetor, metallic fuel lines, the exhaust system, moving parts, or sharp edges. Any edges of metal members subject to contact with the cables shall be rounded or protected to prevent possible damage to the cables by cutting or abrasion. (See SAE J1127, J1128, J1292, and J2031.
36、) 7.3.2 Battery installation The compartment for a vented storage battery shall be vented and provide for drainage of acid from the compartment. Drainage of acid from the battery in operating position shall not come in contact with parts that will be critically affected in such a manner as to create
37、 a hazard. 7.3.3 Overload protection All circuits, except starting motor and ignition circuits, shall have overload protective devices on the battery-feed side of switches, except that, for two-wire, nongrounded systems, the overload protection shall be located in either line. (See SAE J156, J258, J
38、553, J554, and J1284.) ANSI B71.1-2003 8 7.3.4 Terminals and noninsulated electrical parts Terminals and noninsulated electrical parts shall be protected to prevent short-circuiting by the fuel can or tools during normal refueling and lubrication servicing. 8 Label durability requirements 8.1 Genera
39、l Required labels shall be certified by the machine manufacturer to meet the following label and durability requirements. Permanent safety signs are considered to have a reasonable life if the sign has good color and legibility for a period of at least five years. Exterior durability is based on ver
40、tical exposure tests for weatherability in the extreme climate of the United States, or a 2000-h carbon-arc test in accordance with ASTM G23, or a 2000-h xenon-arc test in accordance with ASTM G26. Other test methods may be used, providing the method ensures equal or superior sign durability. 8.2 Ad
41、ditional requirements Labels shall form a durable bond with the base material surface and shall show no appreciable loss of adhesion or legibility during weathering exposure or exposure to spilled fuel or oil. When processed and applied in accordance with the label manufacturers recommendations, lab
42、els shall be weather resistant in accordance with 8.1 and, following normal cleaning procedures, shall show no appreciable fading, discoloration, cracking, crazing, blistering, or dimensional change. Labels shall not curl at the edges. 8.3 Types considered durable 8.3.1 Embossed, indented, cast, or
43、molded labels shall be considered sufficient to meet the requirements of 8.1. 8.3.2 Metal plates more than 0.48 mm (0.019 in) thick with embossed or etched lettering, and fastened with rivets or equivalent fastening means, shall be considered sufficient to meet the requirements of 8.1. 8.4 Silk scre
44、ening Silk screening or other types of marking, when used, shall meet the applicable requirements of 8.1 and 8.2. 9 General requirements (Blade rotation warning) An indicator of blade rotation shall be provided on mowers that operate so quietly that it may not be evident that the blades are rotating
45、. ANSI B71.1-2003 9 10 Specific requirements Rotary mowers 10.1 Blade enclosure 10.1.1 General The mower blade shall be enclosed except on the bottom, and the enclosure shall extend 3 mm (1/8 in) minimum below the lowest cutting point of the blade in the lowest blade position, including tolerance, e
46、xcept for the discharge openings and such other openings as described in 10.1.2 and 10.1.4. Any extension of the walls of the blade enclosure not meeting this requirement shall be considered as part of the discharge opening. All parts of the enclosure shall comply with the tests given in 10.3.5 and
47、10.3.7. 10.1.2 Blade enclosure, Front (see Figures 1 and 2) The highest point on the bottom edge of the blade enclosure, front, except the discharge opening, shall be such that any line extending from such point at a maximum of 15 downward from the horizontal toward the blade shaft axis (axes) shall
48、 not intersect the horizontal plane within the blade tip circle, nor shall any such point be more than 32 mm (1-1/4 in) above the horizontal plane of the blade in the lowest blade position. The highest point in the openings of a front comb or rake arrangement shall be considered as a point on the bo
49、ttom edge of the blade enclosure, front. A mower with a swing-over handle shall have no front openings in the blade enclosure. 10.1.3 Discharge openings The discharge openings shall be so placed or guarded that grass or debris will not discharge directly into the operator zone, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The tangential extension of the walls of the discharge chute shall not intersect the operator zone when the mower is set at any height of cut. No tangential line in the plane of the blade tip circle shall intersect the oper