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1、 1 AS 1289.5.4.12007 www.standards.org.au Australian Standard Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes Method 5.4.1: Soil compaction and density testsCompaction control testDry density ratio, moisture variation and moisture ratio 1 SCOPE This Standard sets out the method for determining the
2、 dry density ratio, moisture variation from optimum moisture content and moisture ratio of a soil at a test site. It is applicable to material that contains not more than 20% of material, on a wet basis, retained on the 37.5 mm sieve. 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following referenced documents are ind
3、ispensable for the application of this document: AS 1289 Methods of testing soils for engineering purposes 1289.2.1.1 Method 2.1.1: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilOven drying method (standard method) 1289.2.1.2 Method 2.1.2: Soil moisture content testsDeter
4、mination of the moisture content of a soilSand bath method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.1.4 Method 2.1.4: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilMicrowave-oven drying method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.1.5 Method 2.1.5: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the
5、moisture content of a soilInfrared lights method (subsidiary method) 1289.2.1.6 Method 2.1.6: Soil moisture content testsDetermination of the moisture content of a soilHotplate drying method 1289.2.3.1 Method 2.3.1: Soil moisture content testsEstablishment of correlation Subsidiary method and the st
6、andard method 1289.3.5.1 Method 3.5.1: Soils classification testsDetermination of the soil particle density of a soilStandard method 1289.5.1.1 Method 5.1.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the dry density/moisture content relation of a soil using standard compactive effort 1289.5.
7、2.1 Method 5.2.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the dry density/moisture content relation of a soil using modified compactive effort 1289.5.3.1 Method 5.3.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the field density of a soilSand replacement method using a sand-cone pou
8、ring apparatus 1289.5.3.2 Method 5.3.2: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the field density of a soilSand replacement method using a sand pouring can with or without a volume displacer 1289.5.3.5 Method 5.3.5: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of the field dry density of
9、 a soilWater replacement method AS 1289.5.4.12007 Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.12007 2 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au AS 1289.5.4.2 Method 5.4.2: Soil compaction and density testsCompaction control test Assignment of maximum dry density and optimum mois
10、ture content values 1289.5.8.1 Method 5.8.1: Soil compaction and density testsDetermination of field density and field moisture content of a soil using a nuclear surface moisture-density gaugeDirect transmission mode 3 APPARATUS Where oversize material is present, the following apparatus is required
11、: (a)Balance with limit of performance not exceeding 5g. (b)Device for measuring volume of oversize, comprising (i)calibrated volumetric cylinder capable of measuring the volume to at least the nearest 5 mL; (ii)syphon can and measuring cylinder to measure water displaced to at least the nearest 5 m
12、L; or (iii)wire basket as described in AS 1289.3.5.1. 4 PROCEDURE The procedure for each test site shall be as follows: (a)Determine the field wet density of the soil () by one of the methods described in AS 1289.5.3.1, AS 1289.5.3.2, AS 1289.5.3.5 or AS 1289.5.8.1, as appropriate. If appropriate, w
13、hen using a nuclear gauge, determine the field moisture content (wf) of the soil. (b)Obtain a bulk sample of the soil of sufficient size to determine, as required, field moisture content, maximum dry density, optimum moisture content and percentage and volume of oversize material for the field densi
14、ty test location as follows (see Notes): (i)Sand replacement tests During the field density test, obtain the sample from the field density test location. The material excavated from the field density test hole will normally constitute the sample. If this is insufficient, additional material may be o
15、btained by enlarging the density hole laterally about equal to the depth of the field density test hole. The sides of any excavation made to recover such material shall be reasonably vertical. Do not combine this additional material with that taken from the field density test location until all meas
16、urements to determine oversize, field moisture content and mass are completed. (ii)Nuclear gauge tests After completion of the field density test, obtain the sample by excavating the hole to the depth at which the source rod was located during the test. The hole shall be centred between the nuclear
17、source and detector of the nuclear gauge. If the material excavated is insufficient, additional material may by obtained by enlarging the density hole laterally about equal to the full depth of the hole. The sides of any excavation made to recover such material shall be reasonably vertical. Accessed
18、 by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 3 AS 1289.5.4.12007 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia (iii)Moisture variation and moisture ratio When moisture variation or moisture ratio is critical, separate samples should be taken for field moisture content tests to the full depth of the laye
19、r prior to obtaining samples for reference density testing. The moisture samples should be prepared separately from the reference density sample. NOTES: 1Samples to be collected, transported and stored in sealable containers. 2Sampling of material prior to compaction is only valid when the job speci
20、fication permits this procedure. If oversize material is present in the material sampled prior to field compaction, care should be exercised in the specification of the testing and acceptance procedure. 3A maximum dry density value should be determined for each field density determination, unless va
21、lues for maximum dry density and optimum moisture content have been assigned in accordance with AS 1289.5.4.2. (c)If oversize material is present, proceed as follows: (i)Determine the mass (m1) of the total material in the as sampled condition and the wet mass of oversize material (mo). (ii)Determin
22、e the volume (Vo) of the oversize material by methods such as measurement of its displacement of water using a syphon can or a calibrated volumetric measuring cylinder (see Notes). (iii)Dry oversize material to constant mass and determine its mass (mod). NOTES: 1When sampling prior to field compacti
23、on is undertaken, the percentage of oversize material and field moisture content are determined from the field density test location after the completion of field compaction. 2Highly porous material should be in a moist condition prior to the determination of its volume, to minimize absorption of wa
24、ter into the material when placed in water. If the oversize material is highly porous, care should be taken to ensure that the displacement of water by oversize material is measured as soon as possible after the material is placed in water. For highly porous material that contains a high proportion
25、of voids, including surface voids (e.g., scoria), there is no satisfactory method for determining the bulk volume of the oversize material. (d)If the field moisture content of the soil has not been determined using a nuclear gauge, determine the field moisture content of a representative sample of t
26、hat portion of the soil that does not include oversize material (wp). This shall be carried out either in accordance with AS 1289.2.1.1; or, one of the subsidiary methods AS 1289.2.1.2, AS 1289.2.1.4, AS 1289.2.1.5 or AS 1289.2.1.6, for which a correlation has been determined in accordance with AS 1
27、289.2.3.1. NOTE: If a subsidiary method for determination of moisture content has been used, the accuracy to which moisture content and values calculated from moisture content may be reported will depend upon the established correlation using AS 1289.2.3.1. (e)If values have not been assigned for ma
28、ximum dry density and optimum moisture content in accordance with AS 1289.5.4.2 for the soil being tested, determine the maximum dry density (dm), and optimum moisture content (wo) of the material sampled in Step (b) in accordance with AS 1289.5.1.1 or AS 1289.5.2.1. NOTES: 1Samples taken from stabi
29、lized material should be compacted within the time permitted in the job specification for completion of compaction in the field. 2When a field density site is subject to retest after additional working and field compaction, the user should check that the adopted values for the material have not chan
30、ged due to further working. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.12007 4 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au 5 CALCULATIONS Calculation shall be as follows: (a)If the field moisture content has been obtained using a nuclear gauge, calculate the total dry mass of the
31、 material (mt) from the following equation: () () f l t 100 100 w m m + = . . . 5(1) where mt = total dry mass of the sample, in grams ml = total wet mass of the sample, in grams wf = field moisture content of the material, in percent (b)If the field moisture content has not been determined using a
32、nuclear gauge: (i)Calculate the total dry mass of material (mt) from the following equation: () () p ol odt 100 100 w mm mm + += . . . 5(2) where mt = total dry mass of the sample, in grams mod= dry mass of oversize material, in grams ml = total wet mass of the sample, in grams mo= wet mass of overs
33、ize material, in grams wp= moisture content of a representative sample of the sample without oversize material, in percent (ii)Calculate the field moisture content of the material (wf), as applicable, from the following equation: () () t tl f 100 m mm w = . . . 5(3) where wf= field moisture content
34、of the material, in percent ml= total wet mass of the sample, in grams mt= total dry mass of the sample, in grams (c)Calculate the field dry density (d) of the material if it has not been obtained using the nuclear gauge, from the following equation: ()f d 100 100 w+ = . . . 5(4) where d = field dry
35、 density of the material, in tonnes per cubic metre = field wet density of the material, in tonnes per cubic metre wf = field moisture content of the material, in percent Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 5 AS 1289.5.4.12007 www.standards.org.au Standards Australia (d)When requir
36、ed, calculate the percentage of oversize material on a dry basis (Pod) from the following equation: t od od 100 m m P= . . . 5(5) where Pod= percentage of material by mass retained on a 19.0 mm or 37.5 mm sieve, as applicable, based on the dry mass of the total and oversize material mod = dry mass o
37、f oversize material, in grams mt = total dry mass of material, in grams (e)When oversize material is present, calculate the adjusted maximum dry density and adjusted optimum moisture content from the following equations: do o do dm do r 100 100 m VPP + = . . . 5(6) () 100 100 do o r Pw w =. . . 5(7)
38、 If oversize material is not present, use the following equation: ordmr andww = . . . 5(8) where r = adjusted maximum dry density, in tonnes per cubic metre Pod = percentage of material by mass retained on a 19.0 mm or 37.5 mm sieve, as applicable, based on the dry mass of the total and oversize mat
39、erial Vo= volume of material retained on a 19.0 mm or 37.5 mm sieve, as applicable, in cubic centimetres dm= maximum dry density assigned or obtained in the laboratory compaction test, in tonnes per cubic metre mo= wet mass or oversize material, in grams mod= dry mass of oversize material, in grams
40、wr= adjusted optimum moisture content, in percent wo= optimum moisture content assigned or obtained in the laboratory compaction test, in percent (f)As required, calculate the density ratio (RD) as a percentage, the moisture ratio (Rm) as a percentage and moisture variation (w) from the following eq
41、uations: r d D 100 =R . . . 5(9) r f m 100 w w R= . . . 5(10) fr www=. . . 5(11) Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.12007 6 Standards Australia www.standards.org.au where RD = density ratio, in percent d = field dry density of material, in tonnes per cubic metre r = ma
42、ximum dry density (adjusted for oversize material, when applicable) assigned or determined in the compaction test (standard or modified), in tonnes per cubic metre Rm= moisture ratio, in percent wf= field moisture content, in percent wr= optimum moisture content (adjusted for oversize material, when
43、 applicable) assigned or determined in the compaction test (standard or modified), in percent w = moisture variation from optimum moisture content, in percent 6 TEST REPORT The following shall be reported: (a)The density ratio of the soil to the nearest 0.5%. (b)The moisture ratio to the nearest 0.5
44、%. (c)The moisture variation from optimum moisture content to the nearest 0.5%, stating whether the soil is dryer or wetter than the optimum moisture content. (d)The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, adjusted for oversize material, if applicable, the compactive effort used and, when
45、applicable, the reference to report of assigned values for these properties, used for their determination. (e)The percentage, on both dry and wet basis, to the nearest 1% of oversize material and the sieve size on which the material was retained. (f)Whether sampling prior to compaction for the deter
46、mination of optimum moisture content and maximum dry density was undertaken. (g)Method used for the determination of field density and for field moisture content. (h)Field density test location and, when necessary, elevation. (i)Date of test, and time. (j)Soil description, depth tested and, when kno
47、wn, thickness of the soil layer. (k)When stabilized materials have been used, the elapsed time between the addition of the stabilizing agent and laboratory compaction. (l)Reference to this method, i.e., AS 1289.5.4.1. Accessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 7 AS 1289.5.4.12007 NOTES Ac
48、cessed by TAFE QUEENSLAND INSTITUTES on 04 Dec 2007 AS 1289.5.4.12007 8 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CE-009, Testing of Soils for Engineering Purposes. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 20 June 2007 and published on . The following are represent
49、ed on Committee CE-009: AUSTROADS Association of Geotechnical Testing Authorities (QLD) Australian Building Codes Board Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Geomechanics Society Australian Stabilisation Industry Association Cement Concrete and Aggregates AustraliaAggregates Department of Planning and Infrastructure (NT) Engineering and Construction Laboratories Association Engineers Australia National Association of Testing Authorities Australia University of Melbo