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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3618-3: 1971 Glossary of Mining terms Section 3: Boring and exploration Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 This British Standard, having been approved by the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Ind
2、ustry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 18 February 1971 BSI 12-1999 First published May 1963 First revision February 1971 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MQE/17 Draft for approval 69/21049 ISBN 580
3、06128 0 Co-operating organizations The Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government department and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Mining Ele
4、ctrical and Mechanical Engineers* British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association British Steel Industry Department of Trade and Industry Engineering Equipment Users Association Federation of Associations of Mining Equipment Manufacturers Federation of Manufacturers of Construction Equipment
5、 and Cranes Institute of Quarrying Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mining Engineers* Mechanical Handling Engineers Association National Coal Board* The Government department and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were d
6、irectly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy University of Birmingham University of London University of Nottingham Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, n
7、a, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 BSI 11-1999i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii Glossary1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 ii B
8、SI 11-1999 Foreword This glossary has been prepared, under the authority of the Mining and Quarrying Requisites Industry Standards Committee, in order to standardize and to co-ordinate the technical terms in current use in mining in the United Kingdom. Although the majority of the terms defined in t
9、he original edition of this glossary were primarily concerned with coal mining, account has been taken of terms used in other forms of mining and of quarrying. The need for this glossary arose from the widely varying interpretation of terms used within the industry, and the prevalent use of more tha
10、n one synonym, some purely local in origin, to indicate specific meanings. The glossary has been issued in a number of sections, according to subject matter, as follows: Section 1: Planning and surveying; Section 2: Ventilation; Section 3: Boring and exploration; Section 4: Drainage; Section 5: Geol
11、ogy; Section 6: Drilling and blasting; Section 7: Electrical engineering and lighting; Section 8: Winning and working; Section 9: Shafts and associated equipment; Section 10: Transport; Section 11: Strata control. Section 3, “Boring and exploration”, was one of the early publications in the BS 3618
12、series. In the normal process of periodical review it was seen that certain amendments were desirable; therefore, since the previous edition was dated 1963, it was decided to publish a revision incorporating these changes. In compiling the glossary account has been taken of the fact that terms prima
13、rily associated with coal are separately defined in BS 3323, “Glossary of coal terms”, and terms relating to coal preparation are defined in BS 3552, “Glossary of terms used in coal preparation”. The following factors also have applied in the statement, selection and definition of terms: 1) Where tw
14、o or more terms are grouped together, the term which is favoured is printed first and in heavy type. It is hoped that such preferred terms will gradually displace the non-preferred terms. The non-preferred terms of a group are printed in small capital letters. Where the use of any term is considered
15、 to be undesirable it is marked deprecated. 2) Generally, only terms which have a specific meaning in this field have been included. Where a technical term has an accepted meaning in other fields of engineering it has been omitted; the few exceptions are terms which are of particular importance in m
16、ining. 3) Purely local terms are not defined, but those of sufficient importance are included as non-preferred terms. 4) Obsolete terms are excluded. The subject of soil mechanics is not covered by this standard and, for terms in that field, reference should be made to CP 2001, “Site investigations”
17、, and CP 2003, “Earthworks”. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 BSI 11-1999iii A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible
18、for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date
19、) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT
20、+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 BSI 11-19991 Glossary TermDefinition air flushingThe circulation of air through the drilling apparatus during drilling to cool the bit and to remove the cuttings from the hole. auger EARTH AUGER HAND AUGER 1. A tool, developed from the Archimede
21、an screw, used for soil sampling or the drilling of shallow holes. 2. See also Winning and working section. auger stemSee drill stem. bailer1. A tube, fitted with a valve at its base, which is lowered into a borehole to remove cuttings and water. 2. See also Drainage section. becheSee definition of
22、fishing tools. bentoniteA special form of thixotropic clay used in the composition of drilling mud. bevel-wall bitA diamond coring bit with its inner walls tapered to house a split ring core lifter. bitThe cutting tool of a drilling or boring appliance. NOTESee under the following types of bit: beve
23、l-wall, bottom discharge, bull-nose, casing, casing shoe, chilled shot, chopping, concave, cross, cruciform, diamond, drag, face discharge, fir-tree, fishtail, hand-set, impregnated, non-core, pilot, plug, reaming, reaming shell, roller rock, rose, sintered, spudding, under reaming, wallscraper, wed
24、ge reaming, wedge rose. boartSee definition of diamond. borehole loggingThe determination of the physical, electrical and radioactive properties of the rocks traversed by a borehole. boring headSee drill head. bortSee definition of diamond. bortzSee definition of diamond. bottom discharge bitA type
25、of diamond coring bit designed to prevent crosion of the core by the flushing water. The inner tube of the core barrel is extended to protect the core, and the flushing water after passing down the annular space between the inner and outer tubes, is discharged inside the bit near to the cutting face
26、. bracehead TILLER A long handle used to turn the drill string in percussive drilling. bull-nose bitSee plug bit. bull wheelA reel used in rope drilling to accommodate the boring rope by which the bit is suspended in the hole. cable drillingSee rope drilling. calf wheelA reel used in rope drilling t
27、o accommodate the rope by which the casing is raised or lowered. caliperAn instrument used in conjunction with a microlog which, when lowered down a borehole, measures and records the internal diameter throughout its depth. calyxSee sediment tube. calyx drillingA method of rotary drilling using a to
28、othed cutting bit or chilled shot. carbonSee definition of diamond. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 2 BSI 11-1999 TermDefinition casing FLUSH-COUPLED CASING FLUSH-JOINT CASING Piping used to support the sides o
29、f a borehole. Flush-coupled casing is joined with a coupling which has the same outside diameter as the casing, but has two male threaded ends. Flush-joint casing has a male thread at one end and a female thread at the other; no coupling is used. casing bitA diamond-set or tungsten carbide tipped ro
30、tary bit designed to bore out an annulus slightly larger than the casing. It is withdrawn before the casing is inserted. casing drive hammer DRIVE HAMMER MONKEY, deprecated A weight used to drive casing down a borehole. casing drive head DRIVE HEAD A collar screwed to the top of the column of casing
31、 to prevent the casing from being damaged by the impact of the drive hammer. casing drive shoe DRIVE SHOE A hardened steel shoe screwed to the lower end of the casing to protect the casing when it is driven down a hole by percussive means. casing jar hammer JAR HAMMER A drive hammer used to extract
32、casing. casing shoeA diamond-set rotary bit screwed to the end of the casing. It clears the way for the casing and is normally left in the borehole. cathead1. An auxiliary general purpose winch associated with a drilling rig. 2. See also Shafts and associated equipment section. cavingsRock fragments
33、 which fall from the sides of a borehole. chilled shot bitA flat-surfaced bit used with hardened steel shot to drill rock by a milling action. chilled shot drillingA method of rotary drilling in which chilled steel shot is used as the cutting medium. chopping bitA chisel-bit used in rotary drilling
34、to break up dropped core or broken rock. circulating fluidThe fluid, which may be water, mud or air, circulated through the drilling apparatus during drilling. Its chief functions are to remove the cuttings, to cool the bit, and in the case of mud to support the sides of the hole. circulating pump M
35、UD PUMP SLUSH PUMP The pump used to circulate mud or water through the drilling column. clampsSee slips. clinometer INCLINOMETER, deprecated An instrument used to determine the amount and direction of deviation of a borehole from the vertical. collarThe mouth of a borehole. collaringThe operation of
36、 starting to bore a hole. concave bitSee plug bit. conductor casingSee standpipe. congoSee definition of diamond. coreThe cylindrical sample of rock bored out during core drilling. core barrelThe cylindrical container which receives the core as it is drilled. (See also double-tube, single-tube, spli
37、t and wire line core barrels.) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 BSI 11-19993 TermDefinition core catcherSee core lifter. core clipSee core lifter. core drillingA method of rotary drilling in which a core is reco
38、vered. core lifter CORE SPRING CORE CATCHER, deprecated CORE CLIP, deprecated A spring clip at the base of the core barrel which grips the core, enabling it to be broken off and brought out of the hole. core pickerA cylinder with flat internal springs used to recover dropped core. core shellSee ream
39、ing shell. core springSee core lifter. counter flush boring REVERSED FLUSH BORING A method of core drilling in which the circulating fluid passes down the borehole and returns up the inside of the rods, providing continuous recovery of the core. cross bit CRUCIFORM BIT A percussive bit which has fou
40、r chisel edges arranged in a cross. crownThat part of a bit which contains the cutting diamonds. crown blockA pulley block mounted at the top of a derrick from which the travelling block is suspended. cruciform bitSee cross bit. dartSee definition of fishing tools. deflectionThe intentional alterati
41、on of the course of a borehole in directional drilling. deflection wedge WHIPSTOCK, deprecated A wedge-shaped tool inserted in a borehole to direct the bit along a prescribed course. derrickThe framework over a borehole, used primarily to allow lengths of drill rod to be added to the drilling column
42、. deviationThe wandering of a borehole from its intended course. diamondA diamond of industrial grade used as the cutting element in drill bits: known variously as boart, bort, bortz, carbon, congo, etc. diamond bitA rotary bit using diamonds as the cutting media. dip meterAn instrument used to reco
43、rd the amount and direction of the dip of strata exposed in the sides of a borehole. directional drilling1. Drilling in which the course of a borehole is controlled by deflection wedges or other means. The technique of directional drilling is used: a. To deflect a deviated borehole back on to course
44、. b. To deflect a borehole off course, either to by-pass an obstruction in the hole or to take a second core. 2. The drilling of a borehole in a predetermined direction. double-tube core barrelA core barrel fitted with an inner tube to protect the core from erosion by the circulating fluid. drag bit
45、 FISHTAIL BIT PILOT BIT A rotary bit which has two or more cutting blades or wings with hard-faced cutting edges. (Various types are the two-wing, three-wing, fishtail and pilot bits.) draw works HOIST The winch used in rotary drilling to raise and lower the drilling column and casing. Licensed Copy
46、: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:13:46 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3618-3:1971 4 BSI 11-1999 TermDefinition drill collar GUIDE ROD A heavy drill rod attached to the top of the core barrel to minimize deviation of the hole and to increase the thrust on the bit at the sta
47、rt of the hole. drill head SWIVEL HEAD BORING HEAD, deprecated The assembly which applies the drilling pressure and rotation to the drill rods. drill rodsLengths of rod coupled together forming the drilling column, to the end of which the core barrel and/or bit are attached. drill stem AUGER STEM, d
48、eprecated A long rod used in rope drilling to increase the weight acting on the bit. drill stringThe string of tools commonly used in rope drilling, namely, rope socket, sinker bar, sliding jars, drill stem and drill bit. drilling columnThe column of drill rods to the end of which the core barrel an
49、d/or bit are attached. drilling rateThe overall rate of advancement of the borehole. drive hammerSee casing drive hammer. drive head1. See casing drive head. 2. See also Transport section. drive rodA splined rod in the drill head of a diamond drilling apparatus, by means of which pressure and rotation are applied to the column of drill rods. drive shoeSee casing drive shoe. earth augerSee auger. face discharge bitA type of diamond bit of similar design to that of the bottom discharge bit (q.v.). The flushing water passes down the annular space between