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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3664:1963 Specification for Film badges for personnel radiation monitoring Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 This British Standard, having been approved by the Nuclear Energy Industry Standards
2、Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 13 September 1963 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference NCE/2, NCE/2/1, NCE/2/1/1 Draft for comment D6
3、2/11202 ISBN 0 580 35513 6 Co-operating organizations The Nuclear Energy Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations: Association of Consult
4、ing Engineers (Incorporated) British Insurance (Atomic Energy) Committee Electricity Council, the Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales* Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Electrical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Lloyds Register of Shipping Ministry
5、of Labour (H.M. Factory Inspectorate)* Ministry of Power* Nuclear Energy Trade Associations Conference* Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association* United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority* The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above
6、 list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committees entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Admiralty British Institute of Radiology British National Committee for Non-Destructive Testing British Photographic Manufacturers Association British Plastics Fed
7、eration British Scientific Instrument Research Association Electronic Engineering Association Electronic Valve and Semi-conductor Manufacturers Association Hospital Physicists Association Institute of Physics and The Physical Society Middlesex County Council Education Committee Ministry of Aviation
8、Ministry of Transport National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.) Radiological Protection Service Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 BSI 02-2000i Contents Page Co
9、-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Film holder1 3Filters4 4Monitoring film and film packet4 Appendix A Test for mechanical strength of attachment devices6 Appendix B Test for toughness of holder and adhesive and for performance of fastening device6 Appendix C Notes on the
10、 referencing of film packets and their positioning in the film holder6 Figure 1 General form of the film holder1 Figure 2 Arrangement and dimensions of filters and window3 Figure 3 Film packet correctly inserted6 Figure 4 Film packet inserted upside down7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
11、Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 ii BSI 02-2000 Foreword This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 2585, Dimensions of dental X-ray films. BS 2L72, Aluminium-coated aluminium-copper-magnesium-silicon-manganese alloy sheets and str
12、ips (solution treated and aged at room temperature). The International Commission on Radiological Protection recommend that the amount of ionizing radiation received by personnel should be systematically checked to ensure that the doses received are less than the maximum permissible values. One way
13、of doing this is by tests with photographic films. The workers in hospitals or industrial establishments who are liable to be exposed to ionizing radiations, e.g. X-rays or radiations from radioactive substances, may be required to carry, for an appropriate period, film badges, comprising small X-ra
14、y films in suitable holders. The film badges are generally pinned to the outer clothing. The films are then developed under standard conditions together with other films of the same emulsion batch, which have been exposed to known doses of a known quality of radiation. The optical densities of the p
15、rocessed films are measured with a densitometer and from the curve of net density against dose, which is obtained from the films having known exposures, the dose received by any of the films can be determined. It is imperative that any specific combination of film and holder shall be calibrated to o
16、btain data for assessing exposed films. The purpose of this British Standard is to establish a standard size of monitoring film, and the essential requirements of one suitable design of holder. Alternative basic approaches could possibly be employed, which could form the subject of separate British
17、Standards if and when they are developed. NOTE 1Dimensions given in British units are to be regarded as the standard. Approximate metric equivalents are given for guidance. More accurate conversions should be based on the tables in BS 350, “Conversion factors and tables”. NOTE 2In place of the custo
18、mary, but incorrect, use of the pound and kilogramme as units of force, the units called pound-force (abbreviation lbf) and kilogramme-force (kgf) have been used in this standard. They are those forces which, when acting on bodies of mass one pound and one kilogramme respectively, give them an accel
19、eration equal to that of standard gravity. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations
20、. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licen
21、sed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 BSI 02-20001 1 Scope This British Standard applies to badges, consisting of photographic film packets, a combination of external filters and film holder in such a form as to provide a l
22、ightweight rugged radiation dosemeter, used for the monitoring of the dosage of ionizing radiation, including thermal neutrons, received by personnel. Required characteristics of film emulsion are not covered, but types of filter combination are specified to cover existing types of monitoring film o
23、f United Kingdom manufacture. NOTEThis drawing is intended to give an indication of layout and proportions, and not to specify detailed design requirements, such as particular forms of fastener or hinge. 2 Film holder a) General design. The general form of the film holder shall be that of a shallow
24、box, of which the front and back halves shall carry the same arrangement of metal and plastics filters, as shown in Figure 1. The front and back of the holder shall be hinged along one short side, with a suitable snap fastening on the other short side. It shall be free from sharp edges and projectio
25、ns. The holder shall be provided on one long side with a safety pin or other suitable means which do not obscure any of the film area for attachment to the clothing of the wearer and, on the opposite side, with a slot. A wrist or head band may be attached by threading it through the slot and the saf
26、ety pin, and passing it across the back of the film holder so that the front window remains unobscured. On each side of the holder there shall be a window for exposing the film pack unfiltered, which may also be used for showing the serial number of the film pack. Figure 1 General form of the film h
27、older Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 2 BSI 02-2000 b) Dimensions of windows. The windows of the film holder shall be not less than 1.19 in (30.2 mm) wide and not less than 0.45 in (11.4 mm) deep, and shall be lo
28、cated in relation to the film pack as shown in Figure 2. The window on the back half of the holder (that without the slot and pin) shall be divided into two by a bar across the shorter dimension approximately 0.1 in (3 mm) wide (see Figure 1). c) Internal dimensions. The film holder shall have an in
29、ternal width of 1.29 0.01 in (32.8 0.3 mm) and an internal length of 1.77 0.01 in (45.0 0.3 mm). The assembly shall be such that when the holder is closed the film pack is closely sandwiched between the internal faces and restrained against movement in any direction. d) Materials and workmanship. Th
30、e film holder shall be made of rigid, virgin, non-brittle plastics material which will retain its shape over a period of several years. Loading with material of high atomic number shall be avoided if at all possible. If such loading is essential, the quantity present shall not be such as to change t
31、he absorption coefficient by more than 5 per cent over the energy range 10 keV to 3 MeV. The material and general construction of the holder shall be such that samples taken in accordance with the requirements of Appendix A and Appendix B, shall satisfy the tests specified in those appendices. e) Ma
32、rking. The film holder shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the following indications: i) The manufacturers name or registered trade name. ii) The number of this British Standard, i.e. “BS 3664”.1) f) Colour. The film holder shall be coloured according to the following code: Filter type 1a (se
33、e Clause 3) blue with white spot Filter type 1b (see Clause 3) blue with green spot Filter type 2a (see Clause 3) grey with white spot Filter type 2b (see Clause 3) grey with green spot 1) The mark BS 3664 on the film holder is a claim by the manufacturer that it complies with the requirements of th
34、is British Standard. The British Standards Institution is the owner of the registered certification trade mark shown below. This mark can be used only by manufacturers licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by the BSI. The presence of this mark on a product is an assurance that the go
35、ods have been produced to comply with the requirements of the British Standard under a system of supervision, control and testing operated during manufacture and including periodical inspections at the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of the BSI. Further particula
36、rs of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Director, British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street, London, W.1. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 BSI 02-20003 Figure 2 Arrangement and dimensions of filters
37、 and window The dotted line indicates the approximate position of the film pack Dimensions are in inches and are subject to a tolerance of 0 0.002. Approximate metric conversions in0.0020.050.150.400.450.470.4850.681.125 cm0.0050.130.381.021.141.191.231.732.86 NOTEThis drawing is intended to indicat
38、e dimensions and not to specify detailed design requirements, such as particular forms of fastener or hinge. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 4 BSI 02-2000 3 Filters Filters appropriate to the characteristics of t
39、he film, either forming part of the fabric of the film holder or fitted in it by means of a suitable adhesive, shall be provided in one of the following combinations and of dimensions and arranged as shown in Figure 2: In addition, for all types, a 0.020 0.001 in (0.51 0.03 mm) indium foil may be fi
40、tted in Area F. NOTEThe function of the tin and aluminium alloy filters in the film holder is to enable the effective photon energy to be determined, in order that appropriate corrections may be applied for the variation of emulsion sensitivity with energy. The cadmium filter enables slow neutron do
41、ses to be evaluated. The plastics material is employed to indicate the presence and the energy of beta radiation. When indium foil is included, very large exposures to thermal neutrons are indicated by its activation. For further details reference should be made to the appropriate technical literatu
42、re. 4 Monitoring film and film packet a) Dimensions of monitoring film. The monitoring film shall have the following dimensions: NOTEThe above dimensions are in accord with those specified for dental (peri-apical) X-ray films in BS 2585.2) b) Dimensions of film packet. The film packet, as ready for
43、insertion in the holder, shall have the following dimensions: The maximum thickness of the film packet shall be between 0.05 in (1.3 mm) and 0.06 in (1.5 mm). Type 1a.aArea A. Plastics material of thickness providing 250 4 mg/cm2. Area B. Plastics material of thickness providing 45 2 mg/cm2. Area C.
44、 A 0.012 0.001 in (0.30 0.03 mm) thick layer of lead turned to provide edge shielding on one face, with a 0.028 0.001 in (0.71 0.03 mm) thick layer of tin in contact with the film packet. Area D. A 0.012 0.001 in (0.30 0.03 mm) thick layer of lead, turned to provide edge shielding on one face, with
45、a 0.028 0.001 in (0.71 0.03 mm) thick layer of cadmium in contact with the film packet. Area E. A 0.039 0.001 in (1.00 0.03 mm) thick layer of aluminium alloy complying with BS 2L72.b The thickness of plastics material, if any, covering the metal filters shall not provide more than 160 mg/cm2. Type
46、1b.aAs for Type 1a, but with Area D occupied by the same filter as Area C. Type 2a.cAs for Type 1a, except: Area C. A 0.044 0.001 in (1.12 0.03 mm) thick layer of tin only. Area D. A 0.044 0.001 in (1.12 0.03 mm) thick layer of cadmium only. Type 2b.cAs for Type 2a, but with Area D occupied by the s
47、ame filter as Area C. a Type 1a and 1b filters are suitable for use with Kodak Ltd. Radiation Monitoring film. b BS 2L72, “Aluminium-coated aluminium-copper-magnesium-silicon-manganese alloy sheets and strips (solution treated and aged at room temperature)”. c Type 2a and 2b filters are suitable for
48、 use with Ilford Ltd. PM 1 Radiation monitoring film. inchesmm Maximum size1.215 1.61730.86 41.07 Minimum size1.205 1.60530.61 40.77 2) BS 2585, “Dimensions of dental X-ray films”. inchesmm Maximum size1.26 1.7432.0 44.2 Minimum size1.23 1.6431.2 41.7 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed
49、Nov 29 03:37:54 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3664:1963 BSI 02-20005 c) Marking of film packet. In order to prevent confusion between the film packets used for radiation monitoring and those used for dental radiography, in addition to any other differences, the manufacturers designation for the film shall be printed or embossed on the label of the film packet. d) Maximum width of overlap in wrapping. To enable pressure numbering to be effected, the width of overlap of wrap