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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3385:1973 Specification for Direct reading pocket type electroscope exposure meters UDC 614.876:539.12.083:621.317.722 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 This British Standard, having been approv
2、ed by the Nuclear Energy Industry Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Executive Board on 10 December 1973 BSI 08-1999 First published May 1961 First revision December 1973 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference NCE/2 and NCE/2/
3、1 Draft for comment 72/43862 DC ISBN 0 580 07599 0 Co-operating organizations The Nuclear Energy Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives of the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations:
4、Association of Consulting Engineers British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association* British Insurance (Atomic Energy) Committee British Mechanical Engineering Confederation Limited Department of Employment (HM Factory Inspectorate)* Department of Trade and Industry* Electricity Council, the
5、 Central Electricity Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales* Institution of Chemical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Lloyds Register of Shipping National Radiological Protection Board* Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association of Great Britain* United Kingdom A
6、tomic Energy Authority* The Government departments and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of University Radiation Protection O
7、fficers British Institute of Radiology British Steel Industry Control and Automation Manufacturers Association Glass Manufacturers Federation Hospital Physicists Association Institute of Physics Institution of Nuclear Engineers Ministry of Defence Society for Radiological Protection Amendments issue
8、d since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 BSI 08-1999i Contents Page Co-operating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Definition1 3Principle1 4Markings1 5Ad
9、justment and sealing1 6Cleaning1 7Mechanical strength1 8Effect of ambient conditions1 9Performance2 10Certificate2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword Since BS 3385:1961 was published, ISO/R 1
10、758 “Direct reading pocket type electroscope exposure meters” has been developed and has the approval of 26 countries including the UK. The contents of this standard have been revised to agree substantially with ISO/R 1758. BS 3664 is a companion standard for film badges. A British Standard does not
11、 purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
12、ont cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 and 2, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov
13、29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 BSI 08-19991 1 Scope This standard applies to direct reading pocket type exposure meters for X- and/or gamma radiation, with an airtight sensitive volume, working in the range, or part of the range, from 30 keV up to 3 MeV, excludin
14、g use in mixed fields of ionizing radiation, for instance, gamma-neutron fields. NOTE 1In order to verify whether the exposure meters are in accordance with the performance specifications set down in clauses 8 and 9 of this standard, clearly defined methods of test have to be used. These methods are
15、 to be dealt with in a future standard. NOTE 2This standard does not cover the dimensions of the terminals. 2 Definition For the purposes of this British Standard the following definition applies: direct reading pocket type exposure meter an instrument to be carried on the person and from which the
16、exposure can be read directly NOTESee Clause 3 for the principle upon which the meter operates. 3 Principle A direct reading exposure meter consists essentially of an electroscope connected to a capacitor. This capacitor is charged by a charging device, which may or may not be built-in, thus giving
17、an indication which can be read against a calibrated scale by means of an optical system. If the exposure meter is exposed to X- and/or gamma radiation, ionization of the gas between the electrodes occurs. As a result of this, the position of the movable electrode changes; the change in the deflecti
18、on on the calibrated scale is a measure of the exposure at the location of the exposure meter. 4 Markings 4.1 The scale shall be marked in rntgen (R) or millirntgen (mR). The scale shall indicate the unit used. The scale shall be divided into at least 10 and not more than 25 divisions. At least ever
19、y 5th scale line shall be larger and numbered. 4.2 An indication shall be provided on the meter of the energy range for which it is intended. The energy range shall be indicated in kiloelectronvolts (keV) or in megaelectronvolts (MeV) see also 9.3 and 10 5). 4.3 Each meter shall be provided with an
20、individual indelible identification mark, for recording purposes. 4.4 The proper reading position shall be given in the directions for use and if possible on the instrument, unless the reading of the instrument is independent of the orientation (see also 9.6). 4.5 The number of this British Standard
21、, i.e. BS 3385, should be marked on the instrument. NOTEAttention is drawn to the certification facilities offered by BSI; see inside back cover of this standard. 5 Adjustment and sealing If the response of the exposure meter is adjustable, the instrument shall be sealed in such a way that the adjus
22、tment cannot be changed without breaking the seal. 6 Cleaning All exterior surfaces of the instrument shall be hard and smooth, with as few joints as practicable, to ensure easy cleaning in case of radioactive contamination. 7 Mechanical strength The construction of the exposure meter shall be such
23、that the indication will not change by more than 10 % of the full-scale deflection if the instrument, charged to mid-scale, is dropped twice from a height of 1 m (or 0.7 m with the eyepiece end downwards) onto a hardwood floor. These tests shall be performed with the end-caps fitted. 8 Effect of amb
24、ient conditions 8.1 All the specifications concerning performance given in clause 9 shall be determined under test conditions as follows: temperature: 20 5 C relative humidity: 65 10 %. 8.2 The response to variations of temperature between 10 C and + 50 C shall be such that the deviation compared wi
25、th the response at + 20 C is less than 10 % of the full scale indication. 8.3 An exposure meter shall operate within the performance limits specified in clause 9 at any pressure within the range 600 mbar1) to 1 200 mbar. 8.4 If the instrument is equipped with a lens, the instrument shall be so const
26、ructed that it is not damaged by exposure to direct sunlight. The instrument should be readable at a lighting of 300 cd/m2 at the inlet surface. 1) 1 bar = 105 Pa Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 2 BSI 08-1999 9 P
27、erformance 9.1 Accuracy. In the range between 20 % and 100 % of full-scale indication, the response of the exposure meter to a caesium 137 reference radiation incident in the direction of maximum response shall not deviate more than 10 % from the exposure, as measured by a calibrated reference instr
28、ument, provided that the exposure rate does not exceed the permissible maximum as indicated in the directions for use. 9.2 Repeatability. Repeated exposures under the same ambient conditions and using the same radiation source shall not give indications which deviate from the average reading by more
29、 than 5 %. 9.3 Energy response. For the energy range indicated on the exposure meter the response shall not deviate by more than 10 % of its nominal value. 9.4 Directional response. The response of the instrument to radiation incident at any angle shall be not less than 50 % of the response in the c
30、alibration direction. 9.5 Leakage. The leak of charge of an exposure meter with a measuring range of 100 mR or more shall not exceed 2 % of its maximum scale reading in 24 h, if it is placed in surroundings where the exposure rate amounts to a maximum of 0.02 mR/h and where the atmospheric condition
31、s are as defined in 8.1. 9.6 Reading position. The indication shall not vary by more than 5 % of the full scale deflection due to any change in position of the exposure meter. If this condition cannot be fulfilled, the directions for use shall give the proper position of the exposure meter during th
32、e reading (see also 4.4). 9.7 Change of indication. When the exposure meter is disconnected from the charging source and the exposure meter charging pin has been shorted to the exposure meter case, the change of indication shall not exceed 5 % of the measuring range for exposure meters with a range
33、equal to or less than 500 mR and shall not exceed 2 % for exposure meters with a range of more than 500 mR. 10 Certificate A certificate shall accompany each exposure meter and shall include the following information: 1) the manufacturers name or registered trademark; 2) the type of the instrument;
34、3) the exposure range in millirntgen or rntgen; 4) the location and dimensions of the sensitive volume; 5) the energy range of the instrument; 6) the response as a function of radiation energy, to include the lowest energy at which the response is 50 % of its nominal value; 7) the reference radiatio
35、ns adopted for the calibration of the exposure meter; 8) the maximum permissible exposure rate for the instrument (see also 9.1); 9) the material of the wall surrounding the sensitive volume, and its mass per unit area in milligrams per square centimetre (mg/cm2); 10) the voltage required to charge
36、the instrument; 11) a warning regarding reliability limitations in mixed fields. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 BSI 08-1999 BSI Certification Trade Mark The Kitemark The British Standards Institution is the owne
37、r of a registered certification trade mark. It is usually associated with the words “approved to British Standard” as shown below, the number of the relevant British Standard being added. This mark may be used only by those licensed under the certification mark scheme operated by BSI. The presence o
38、f this mark on or in relation to a product is an assurance that the goods have been produced under a system of supervision, control and testing, operated during manufacture and including periodical inspection of the manufacturers works in accordance with the certification mark scheme of BSI designed
39、 to ensure compliance with a British Standard. Further particulars of the terms of licence may be obtained from the Quality Assurance Department, British Standards Institution, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. HP2 4SQ Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 03:39:05 GMT+00:00
40、2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3385:1973 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated
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