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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 1192-5:1998 CIC 01.100
2、.30; 35.240.10 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Construction drawing practice Guide for the structuring and exchange of CAD data Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, hav
3、ing been prepared under the direction of the Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 August 1998 BSI 1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/212 Draft fo
4、r comment 96/109490 DC ISBN 0 580 29514 1 BS 1192-5:1998 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/212, Tolerances, drawing practice, modular co-ordina
5、tion, joints, project information, computer modelling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Architects and Surveyors Institute Association of County Councils British Institute of Architectural Technologists Chartered Institute of Building Chartered Institution of Building Services Engin
6、eers Construction Confederation Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities Licensed
7、Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1192-5:1998 BSI 1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Terms and definitions1 4Relationship between drawings and CAD mod
8、els2 5Common methods of structuring graphic data4 6Classification of information5 7Non-graphic data6 8Model files6 9Sub-models and instances of sub-models7 10Layers and layer naming8 11Recommendations relating to drawing annotation and linework10 Annex A (normative) Guidance to CAD system managers12
9、 Annex B (informative) Layer name fields and coding conventions for international projects13 Bibliography13 Figure 1 Project data structured as a series of planar 2D models3 Figure 2 Drawing definition incorporating views of multiple model files3 Figure 3 Instances of a sub-model of a component with
10、in a model file and model file references3 Figure 4 Example of coding of 2D model file field names7 Figure 5 Example of node and insertion point placement8 Figure 6 Example of sub-set layer coding using only mandatory fields10 Figure 7 Example of layer coding using both mandatory and optional fields
11、10 Table 1 The applicability of alternative data structuring methods6 Table 2 Recommended order or usage of model file field names7 Table 3 Mandatory fields and recommended character codes9 Table 4 Optional fields10 Table B.1 Differences between international and British layer naming fields13 Licens
12、ed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii BSI 1998 BS 1192-5:1998 Foreword This British standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/212. It supersedes BS 1192-5:1990 which is withdrawn. The changes incorporated in this new edition
13、 reflect the increased use of reference files and greater experience of CAD data management and exchange. It was prepared in parallel with ISO 13567 and recommends the use of a simpler, ISO compatible, layer naming and coding strategy. This minimizes the number of different layers used and reduces c
14、omplexity when data are exchanged between different parties to a project. A British Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immu
15、nity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 19981 BS 1192-5:1998 Introduction
16、 This guide to the structuring and exchange of CAD data has been compiled at a time of unprecedented change in the development and use of 2D and 3D CAD systems. These will soon be supplemented by the introduction of object oriented technology with the capability of representing all the information a
17、ssociated with a construction project and its constituent parts; defining relationships between parts and relationships between each part/activity and the project as a whole. At the same time, and in some cases in advance of the development of commercially available systems, the BS EN ISO 10303 seri
18、es of standards for the exchange of product (STEP) modelling data are being developed to provide a neutral means of describing construction product data throughout its life-cycle, independent from any particular CAD software system. When fully available, object-orientated programming, distributed da
19、tabases and product modelling will not only enable the transfer of data to take place between all participants in the design and construction process, using different software systems, but will also form the basis for structuring and sharing component libraries, databases and archives. This guide wa
20、s written to accommodate a 4 digit element code which may not be compatible beyond level 2 with some of the newer classification systems, e.g. Uniclass 1. Although the recommendations in this standard are primarily intended for users and managers of CAD systems, it is expected that developers of suc
21、h systems will support the implementation of this standard. Guidance is given in annex A, on project organization and neutral format data exchange. Guidance on layer name fields and coding conventions for international projects is given in annex B. 1 Scope This British Standard gives guidance and in
22、formation on the structuring and exchange of data between CAD systems, widely used by the construction industry, to create 2D or 3D geometric models of construction projects in conjunction with the preparation of drawings. This guide covers conceptual classes of information important to construction
23、 industry users, methods of structuring CAD data and recommends coding rules and conventions for naming model files, sub- models and layers. Guidance is also given on drawing annotation, presentation and the management and exchange of data between CAD users. An important use is also to structure dat
24、a in component libraries produced by third parties. This standard does not include guidance on the use of different data exchange file formats, the exchange of non-graphic data, structuring and exchange of data held as object classes and their instances, data structuring appropriate to specialist en
25、gineering analyses, or the definition and use of data entity parameters (parametrics). 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amen
26、dments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 1192-1:1984, Construction drawing practice Recommendations for general principles. BS 1192-3:1987, Construction drawing practice Recommendations f
27、or symbols and other graphic conventions. BS 1192-4:1984, Construction drawing practice Recommendations for landscape drawings. BS 6100-1-1.5.7, Glossary of building and civil engineering terms General and miscellaneous Operations; associated plant and equipment Drawings. 3 Terms and definitions For
28、 the purposes of this British Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTEThe following terms defined in this standard are reproduced, the first time they appear in clauses 4 to 11, in bold type. 3.1 annotation part of a drawing consisting of letters or numbers and, where relevant, asso
29、ciated graphic entities 3.2 attribute trait, quality or characteristic of an entity 3.3 class collective identity for entities which exhibit common behaviours and which have common attributes 3.4 clip portion of a model file that has been copied and stored as a separate model file 3.5 database organ
30、ized collection of data that can be interpreted and operated on by computer 3.6 data structure description of the way in which information is organized within a database Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BSI 1998 BS 1192-5:19
31、98 3.7 drawing definition specification of the content and composition of a particular drawing 3.8 entity information unit having uniform meaning and use 3.9 instance occurrence of an entity at a particular location and orientation within a model or sub-model 3.10 layer attribute of an entity used f
32、or identification commonly used to control visibility, and for the classification of entities within a model 3.11 model collection of model files and associated non-graphic information 3.12 model file computer file containing 2D or 3D graphic entities and any non- graphic data stored with them 3.13
33、nest hierarchical arrangement of entities or model files 3.14 object instance of a class of entities which has individual state and behaviour and unique identity 3.15 parameter attribute of an entity which affects its geometry, size or appearance when drawn 3.16 primitive entity which is a basic, in
34、divisible, geometrical element used within computer modelling systems (e.g. a point, line or arc) which is not defined in terms of subordinate entities 3.17 reference instance of a model file 3.18 reference file model file associated with an active model file and containing information which can be
35、viewed and interrogated but not immediately altered 3.19 schema structure within which information is organized in a database 3.20 style parameter affecting the appearance of a primitive 3.21 sub-model model included as an instance in another model 3.22 wildcarding text searching based on a template
36、 composed of characters which either appear in a specific position in the character sequence being sought, or are wildcard characters such as * or ?, reserved as place holders or selection delimiters 4 Relationship between drawings and CAD models 4.1 General Most proprietary CAD systems used by arch
37、itects, contractors, engineers and surveyors create, display, manipulate and alter graphic entities, store them in computer files as 2D or 3D graphical models, and output model data in formats appropriate to their intended use, typically as construction drawings. Together, these model files form a g
38、raphical database of project information. CAD systems may also store, manipulate and output non-graphic data relating to graphic entities. However, at present, the data structures of most systems are not designed to record explicit information about the relationships and interdependencies that exist
39、 between parts of a project, or the parts and the whole. Organizations tend to adopt one of two main approaches to project modelling for the production of drawings. They may: a) build up project data as a series of planar 2D models, typically relating to plans, sections, and elevations, by disciplin
40、e and from these construct separate 3D models from which to produce perspective visualizations (see Figure 1); or b) adopt an approach more akin to product modelling, build a 3D model or models as assemblies of entities representing construction components, and assemble drawings incorporating 2D or
41、3D views of 3D model data (see Figure 2). The choice of which approach or mix of approaches to adopt is likely to depend on individual project requirements and the capabilities of the CAD system or systems being used. Each organization should understand why they are adopting a particular approach in
42、 a project. Where CAD data is to be exchanged with other organizations, the approach adopted for the production of drawings may need to be altered to accommodate other members of the project team. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
43、BSI BSI 19983 BS 1192-5:1998 Figure 1 Project data structured as a series of planar 2D models Figure 2 Drawing definition incorporating views of multiple model files Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 03:11:27 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 BSI 1998 BS 1192-5:1998 4
44、.2 Drawing definition A drawing definition is the closest approximation to a paper drawing that a CAD system will store. It records the information necessary to create a specific drawing. Typically, it will store annotation (drawing number, name, revision notes, dimension strings, etc.) specific to
45、the drawing, but will present construction information as interactively defined views of graphical data stored in one or more model files (see Figure 2). As a minimum, a drawing definition will specify the position and scale at which such views are to be displayed and plotted. The content of views o
46、f 2D model files are specified in terms of their extent/boundaries, the categories of graphical data that should be displayed and how data should be shown. A 3D specification also includes the view point, the depth of view, and the type of perspective employed. The graphic entities held in model fil
47、es are usually assigned line styles and other parameters affecting their appearance when they are created, but when defining a view users may be permitted to specify that graphic entities be displayed in a different way. Most important, and most variable between systems, are the methods offered to s
48、tructure, and then control, what categories of graphic information are displayed. Figure 2 shows a drawing definition that incorporates a 2D view of information assembled in a model file, which in turn refers to information stored in other model files. 5 Common methods of structuring graphic data 5.
49、1 General In addition to facilitating the selective display and manipulation of different categories of information, CAD project data should be divided into files of manageable size, to facilitate access by different users, to maximize the re-use of data and minimize duplication. Nearly all CAD systems use some combination of the data structuring methods described below. 5.2 Model files and file referencing It is still common to store different categories of graphic data in separate files, with user access to data controlled at file leve