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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 3198:1981 (Reprinted, incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 and 2) Specification for Copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes UDC 696.46:683.97 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3198:1981
2、 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Building Services Standards Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 December 1981 BSI 07-1999 First published January 1960 First revision December 1981 The following BSI refer
3、ences relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference SEB/9 Draft for comment 79/12583 DC ISBN 0 580 12317 0 Cooperating organizations The Building Services Standards Committee, under whose direction this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following: Alumini
4、um FederationDomestic Solid Fuel Appliances Approval Association of District CouncilsScheme Bath Manufacturers Co-ordinating CommitteeEnvironmental Health Officers Association British Gas Corporation*Greater London Council British Ironfounders AssociationHeating and Ventilating Contractors British P
5、lastics FederationAssociation* British Plumbing Employers CouncilIncorporated Association of Architects and British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.Surveyors Builders Merchants FederationInstitute of Plumbing* Building Services Research and InformationInstitution of Gas Engineers AssociationInstitut
6、ion of Water Engineers and Scientists Chartered Institution of Building Services*National Brassfoundry Association Clay Pipe Development Association LimitedNational Coal Board Consumer Standards Advisory Committee ofNational Federation of Building Trades BSIEmployers Convention of Scottish Local Aut
7、horitiesNational Water Council* Council of British Ceramic SanitarywareRoyal Institute of British Architects* ManufacturersRoyal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Department of Health and Social SecurityRoyal Society of Health Department of the Environment (PSA)*Scottish Development Department Depa
8、rtment of the Environment (BuildingTrades Union Congress Research Establishment)* Water Companies Association Department of the Environment (Housing and Construction) Department of the Environment (Water Engineering Division including Water Data Unit) The organizations marked with an asterisk in the
9、 above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Technical Committee entrusted with the preparation of this British Standard: Association of Manufacturers of DomesticInstitute of Building Electrical AppliancesLondon Boroughs Association British Non-ferrous Metals Federation
10、Manufacturers Association of Radiators and Copper Cylinder and Boiler ManufacturersConvectors Ltd. Copper Development AssociationRoyal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Copper Tube Fitting ManufacturersSolid Fuel Advisory Service AssociationThames Water Authority Metropolitan Water Electricity,
11、 Supply Industry in England and Division WalesZinc Development Association Galvanizers AssociationIndividual expert Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date of issueComments 4372July 1984 6599September 1990 Indicated by a sideline in the margin Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed
12、 Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3198:1981 BSI 07-1999i Contents Page Cooperating organizationsInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2References1 3Definitions1 4Designation of copper combination units for ordering purposes2 5Materials2 6Primary heaters3 7Manufacture3 8H
13、and holes5 9Screwed bosses for draining taps5 10Screwed connections for pipes5 11Fixing provision for immersion heaters5 12Fixing provision for a gas circulator6 13Performance requirements6 14Marking6 Appendix A Pressure tests8 Appendix B Performance tests for direct combination units8 Appendix C Pe
14、rformance tests for double feed indirect combination units8 Appendix D Performance tests for single feed indirect combination units10 Appendix E Heat loss test10 Appendix F Information to be supplied by the purchaser with an enquiry or order13 Figure 1 Layout of testing apparatus for direct and doub
15、le feed indirect combination units9 Figure 2 Layout of testing apparatus for single feed indirect combination units12 Figure 3 Apparatus for heat loss test13 Table 1 Minimum nominal thickness of copper sheet before forming2 Table 2 Minimum area of heating surface of primary heater3 Publications refe
16、rred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3198:1981 ii BSI 07-1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Building Services Standards Committee. It has been revised in te
17、rms of metric units and now provides details of the essential requirements for hot water storage units, in capacities between 65 litres and 180 litres, of a type which incorporates a cold water feed cistern. These appliances, known as “combination units”, are designed for use with water heating appl
18、iances which are connected by pipework, but provision can also be made to use either an electric immersion heater or gas circulator fitted to the unit itself either as an auxiliary or as the sole method of heating. An “indirect” type of combination unit is intended for service where it is essential
19、that the circulating water is kept separate from the domestic hot water. There is provision for both single feed and double feed indirect types. Single feed indirect units should not be used in sealed systems and they have limited application on direct pump circulation. There has been general ration
20、alization to align the standard with BS 699 and BS 1566-1 and BS 1566-2, which include a specification for area of heating surfaces of primary heaters and revised performance tests. Appendix F gives a list of information that should be supplied by the purchaser with an enquiry or order. The drafting
21、 committee is considering the question of the requirement in clause 5 of measuring thickness of copper sheet before forming, and it is the intention to deal with this matter in the revision of BS 699 and BS 1566-1 and BS 1566-2. When this matter is resolved, it is intended to issue an amendment to t
22、his standard. The requirements specified in this standard are those considered to be necessary to ensure good performance and reliability of the appliance whilst leaving the manufacturers free to develop actual design, and for this reason, careful consideration has been given to the inclusion of req
23、uirements for materials, construction and performance tests rather than to dimensions, which have been omitted as far as possible. The inclusion of integral plastics cold feed cisterns was considered but it was decided to omit reference to these. This matter will be kept under review. The following
24、is a list of standards covering water storage vessels, mainly for domestic use, to which others may be added when considered necessary. BS 417, Galvanized mild steel cisterns and covers, tanks and cylinders. BS 417-1, Imperial units. BS 417-2, Metric units. BS 699, Copper cylinders for domestic purp
25、oses. BS 1565, Galvanized mild steel indirect cylinders, annular or saddle-back type. BS 1565-1, Imperial units. BS 1565-2, Metric units. BS 1566, Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes. BS 1566-1, Double feed indirect cylinders. BS 1566-2, Single feed indirect cylinders. BS 2777, Asbestos-
26、cement cisterns. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3198:1981 BSI 07-1999iii BS 4213, Cold water storage cisterns (polyolefin or olefin copolymer) and cistern covers. This revised British Standard supersedes BS 3198:1960 whic
27、h is now withdrawn. Since manufacturers will require time to change existing procedures for testing, certification to BS 3198:1960 will remain valid until 31 March 1982. Certification. It is strongly recommended that in view of the nature of this specification, manufacturers and purchasers should ma
28、ke use of the certification facilities described on the inside back cover of this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not
29、 of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This wi
30、ll be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3198:198
31、1 BSI 07-19991 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for direct, double feed indirect and single feed indirect types of combination hot water storage units having hot water storage capacities in a series of ranges between 65 litres and 210 litres, in which, when water is drawn off fro
32、m the hot water storage vessel, there is automatically: a) replacement of water withdrawn by that from a cold water feed cistern incorporated in the unit and adjacent to the hot water vessel; and b) controlled replacement of the water in the cold water feed cistern from the water supply by means of
33、a float operated valve. NOTEThe preferred hot water storage capacities are 85, 115, 130, 140, 150, 180 and 210 litres. 2 References The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard the following d
34、efinitions apply. 3.1 feed cistern the cistern, attached to the hot water storage vessel, for supplying cold water to that vessel to replace the hot water as it is drawn off 3.2 primary feed and expansion cistern the cistern for supplying water to the primary circuit and for accommodating the expans
35、ion of water therefrom 3.3 hot water storage vessel the container in which the heated water is stored 3.4 hot water storage capacity the actual volume of secondary water which can be stored in the hot water storage vessel 3.5 inter-connection the arrangements for connecting the feed cistern and hot
36、water storage vessel by means of which there takes place an adequate flow of cold water from the feed cistern into the storage vessel to replace the hot water as it is drawn off 3.6 warning pipe an overflow pipe so fixed that its outlet, whether inside or outside a building, is in a conspicuous posi
37、tion where the discharge of any water therefrom can be readily seen 3.7 combination hot water storage unit a) Direct type. A hot water storage vessel which has provision for an immersion heater or which can be coupled by pipework to an external water heating appliance and to which cold water is fed
38、from an attached feed cistern. b) Double feed indirect type. A hot water storage vessel similar to the direct type except that the stored water is heated indirectly by the water circulating in an integral primary heater. This type requires an additional cistern open to atmosphere from which the feed
39、 is taken to the primary circuit and into which the primary circuit is vented. The increase in volume of primary water due to expansion is accommodated in this primary feed and expansion cistern which may be incorporated in the combination unit. c) Single feed indirect type. A hot water storage vess
40、el similar to the direct type except that the stored water is heated indirectly by the water circulating in an integral primary heater but the primary feed and venting arrangement is an integral part of the primary heater within the hot water section of the combination unit. The increase in volume o
41、f the primary water due to expansion is accommodated within the primary heater and is prevented from coming into contact with the secondary water. 3.8 primary heater a heat exchanger mounted inside a hot water storage vessel for the transfer of heat to the stored water from circulating primary hot w
42、ater 3.9 primary water the water in the primary circuit including the water in the primary heater, boiler, radiators, pipework, and associated fittings 3.10 primary capacity the total volume of primary water 3.11 secondary water the water that can be drawn off for use Licensed Copy: sheffieldun shef
43、fieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 08:57:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 3198:1981 2 BSI 07-1999 3.12 screwed connection any threaded connection to which pipes or apparatus can be fitted 3.13 length of threaded portion (of screwed connection) the distance from the front face of the connection
44、(including any chamfer or radius) to either the leading face of a plug or screw ring gauge, screwed as far as possible by hand into or onto the connection, or in the case of a fully threaded female connection, to the back face of the connection 3.14 metal thickness before forming the nominal thickne
45、ss of copper sheet (which is subject to the tolerances specified in BS 2870) from which units are manufactured 4 Designation of copper combination units for ordering purposes For ordering purposes copper combination units shall be designated BS 3198 followed by the shape, i.e. cylindrical, rectangul
46、ar, etc., the type and the capacity in litres as follows: For example, BS 3198: Rectangular: DF:115. The information needed to be supplied with an enquiry or order is set out in Appendix F. 5 Materials Units shall be constructed from copper sheet complying with section 8 of BS 2870:1980. The minimum
47、 nominal thicknesses before forming shall be shown in Table 1. On cylindrical units the cold cistern shall be reinforced by the inclusion of a swage in the body of the cistern at the water line (see 7.2). NOTEThicker copper sheet may be necessary for certain units to ensure that permanent distortion
48、 does not occur on filling (see 13.1). Where the copper is pressed, spun, swaged or manipulated to form a seam, the thickness after forming shall be not less than 67 % of that specified for sides in Table 1. NOTEIn this calculation the values specified are not subject to the tolerances allowed in BS
49、 2870. The thickness other than in the area of forming shall not be less than the minimum nominal thickness before forming specified in Table 1. The primary heater shall be constructed from one of the following: a) 28 mm size copper tube complying with the requirements of BS 2871-1 but in suitable temper for forming; or b) copper sheet as specified in Table 1; or c) a combination of the sheet and tube specified in a) and b). Copper tube for other purposes shall comply with the requirements of BS 2871-1 but where appropriate, before forming, it shall have been in