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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 2869:1998 ICS 75.160.2
2、0 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Specification for fuel oils for agricultural, domestic and industrial engines and boilers Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 02:43:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 2869:1998 This British Stan
3、dard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1998 BSI 1998 First published, as BS 2869, August 1957 Second edition December 1967 Third edition Sept
4、ember 1970 Fourth edition July 1983 Fifth edition, as BS 2869 : Part 2, March 1988 Sixth edition, as BS 2869, December 1998 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PTI/2/4 Draft for comment 97/122131 DC ISBN 0 580 29584 2 Amendments issued since publicat
5、ion Amd. No.DateText affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid fuels, to Subcommittee PTI/2/4, Off road fuels, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of United Kingdom O
6、il Independents Automobile Association Chemical Industries Association Confederation of Passenger Transport Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Central Transport Group Department of Trade and Industry Oil and Gas Division Federation of British Hi
7、storic Vehicle Clubs Federation of Petroleum Suppliers Freight Transport Association Institute of Petroleum Institute of Road Transport Engineers Institute of Trading Standards Administration Ministry of Defence Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd. National Farmers Union Petrol Pump Manufacturers A
8、ssociation Petrol Retailers Association Road Haulage Association Ltd. Royal Automobile Club Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited United Kingdom Petroleum Industry Association Ltd. World Wide Fund for Nature The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, thr
9、ough subcommittees and panels: British Association for Bio Fuels and Oils Combustion Engineering Association Oil Firing Technical Association for the Petroleum Industry (Oftec) Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 02:43:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 2869:1998 BSI
10、 1998i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Sampling2 4Composition2 5Characteristics2 6Interpretation of test results2 7Marking and labelling5 Annex A (informative) Fuel types6 Annex B (informative) Storage and handling6 Annex C (informati
11、ve) Notes on properties7 BibliographyInside back cover Figure 1 Symbol for class C1 burner fuel5 Figure C.1 Viscositytemperature chart8 Figure C.2 Gross specific energy Qgvof burner fuels (MJ/kg)9 Figure C.3 Net specific energy Qnpof burner fuels (MJ/kg)10 Table 1 Characteristics of middle distillat
12、e fuels3 Table 2 Characteristics of kerosine-type burner fuels4 Table 3 Properties of residue-containing burner fuels4 Table B.1 Minimum storage and handling temperatures for residue-containing fuels6 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 02:43:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
13、(c) BSI ii BSI 1998 BS 2869:1998 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PTI/2. It supersedes BS 2869-2:1988 which is withdrawn. BS 2869 was first published as a combination of earlier standards in 1957, and subsequent revisions took place in 1967, 1970 and 1983. In 1
14、988, in expectation of a European Standard for automotive diesel fuel, prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), BS 2869 was split into the following parts: Part 1: Specification for automotive diesel fuel (class A1); Part 2: Specification for fuel oil for agricultural and indust
15、rial engines and burners (classes A2, C1, C2, D, E, F, G and H). BS 2869-1:1988 was withdrawn and superseded by BS EN 590 in 1993. There are some applications for which, for technical or other reasons, limits different to those in this standard or additional requirements may be necessary. This stand
16、ard does not cover special applications, which should be the subject of agreements between the supplier and purchaser of fuel oils. Following inclusion of a recommendation in BS EN 590:1997, consideration has been given to lubricity of engine fuels (class A2). Many off-highway and agricultural appli
17、cations use the same engines and fuel injection equipment as automotive applications. Technical Committee PTI/2 agrees that while the stipulated maximum sulfur level for class A2 fuel remains at 0.2 % (m/m), there is no reason to include a lubricity requirement, as there is no risk, on economic grou
18、nds, of inferior lubricity, heavily hydrotreated, desulfurized fuel being included in this category. However, if future European Council Directives require lower sulfur levels in class A2 fuel, the issue of lubricity will be reviewed. Council Directive 93/12/EEC limits the sulfur content for gas oil
19、 (other than gas oil marketed as diesel fuel) to 0.2 % (m/m) determined in accordance with ISO 8754 (BS EN ISO 8754:1995). The principal differences between BS 2869-2:1988 and this edition are: a) a rearrangement of Tables 1 and 2 into three new tables; b) the minimum viscosity of the summer grade o
20、f class A2 fuel is increased to 2 mm2/s; c) a minimum density for class A2 fuel is introduced; d) the limit value and method for determination of carbon residue classes A2 and D is changed and limit values are introduced for classes E, F, G and H; e) a maximum distillation recovery at 250 8C is intr
21、oduced for classes A2 and D; f) the sulfur content of classes A2 and D is reduced; g) the limit value and method for determination of the water content of classes A2 and D is changed; h) the limit value for smoke point for classes C1 and C2 is reduced; i) the limit value for the ash content of class
22、es E, F, G and H is reduced; j) changes are introduced to the method for determination of sediment and sediment limits for classes E, F, G and H. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct ap
23、plication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, We
24、d Nov 29 02:43:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 19981 BS 2869:1998 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for eight classes of petroleum fuels for engines and boilers used in agricultural, domestic and industrial applications. NOTEAnnexes A, B and C provide information
25、 on fuel types and applications, storage and handling, and properties of fuels. Additional information on storage and handling is given in BS 6380. This British Standard does not preclude lawful use of one class of fuel in an application designed for use with a fuel of another class. However, it is
26、strongly recommended that only class C1 burner fuel is used in flueless domestic appliances, and it is advised that tests or consultation with the equipment manufacturer is carried out if fuel is to be used for other than the purpose for which it is classified in this British Standard. 2 Normative r
27、eferences The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of
28、the publication referred to applies. BS 799-4:1991, Oil burning equipment Specification for atomizing burners (other than monobloc type) together with associated equipment for single burner and multi burner installations. BS 799-5:1987, Oil burning equipment Specification for oil storage tanks. BS 2
29、000-10:1995, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Determination of kerosine burning characteristics 24 h method. BS 2000-12:1993, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Determination of specific energy. BS 2000-57:1995, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum produ
30、cts Determination of the smoke point of kerosine. BS 2000-107:1993, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Determination of sulfur Lamp combustion method. BS 2000-139:1993, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products and lubricants Neutralization number Colour-indicator
31、 titration method. BS 2000-375:1994, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products Total sediment in residual fuel oils Determination by hot filtration. BS 3195-1:1989, Methods for sampling petroleum products Manual sampling of liquid hydrocarbons. BS 3195-2:1989, Methods for sam
32、pling petroleum products Automatic pipeline sampling of liquid hydrocarbons. BS 5410-1:1977, Code of practice for oil firing Installations up to 44 kW output capacity for space heating and hot water supply purposes. BS 5410-2:1978, Code of practice for oil firing Installations of 44 kW and above out
33、put capacity for space heating, hot water and steam supply purposes. BS 5410-3:1976, Code of practice for oil firing Installations for furnaces, kilns, ovens and other industrial purposes. BS 7392:1990, Method for determination of distillation characteristics of petroleum products. BS EN 116:1998, D
34、iesel and domestic heating fuels Determination of cold filter plugging point. BS EN 590:1997, Specification for automotive diesel fuel. BS EN 22719:1994, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products and lubricants Determination of flash point PenskyMartens closed cup method. BS
35、EN ISO 2160:1995, Petroleum products Corrosiveness to copper Copper strip test. BS EN ISO 3104:1994, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity. BS EN ISO 3675:1996, Crude
36、petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density or relative density Hydrometer method. BS EN ISO 3733, Petroleum products including bitumen Determination of water Distillation method. BS EN ISO 3735:1996, Crude petroleum and fuel oils Determination of sediment Extraction
37、method. BS EN ISO 3838:1996, Methods for determination of density or relative density of petroleum and petroleum products (pyknometer methods). BS EN ISO 4259:1996, Petroleum products Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test. BS EN ISO 5165:1998, Petroleum produ
38、cts Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels Cetane engine method. BS EN ISO 6245:1996, Petroleum products Determination of ash. BS EN ISO 8754:1995, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products Determination of sulfur content Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence me
39、thod. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Wed Nov 29 02:43:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BSI 1998 BS 2869:1998 BS EN ISO 10370:1996, Petroleum products Determination of carbon residue Micro method. BS EN ISO 12185:1996, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Crude p
40、etroleum and petroleum products Determination of density Oscillating U-tube method. BS EN ISO 13736:1998 BS 2000-170:1998, Methods of test for petroleum and its products Petroleum products Determination of flash point Abel closed cup method. BS EN ISO 13759:1997, Methods of test for petroleum and it
41、s products Petroleum products Determination of alkyl nitrate in diesel fuels Spectrometric method. ASTM D 1744, Standard test method for determination of water in liquid petroleum products by Karl Fischer reagent. IP 74/82, Determination of water content of petroleum products Distillation method. NO
42、TECopies of the BS 2000 series of standards are available from the Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR. 3 Sampling 3.1 Sampling from storage tanks Sample from storage tanks in accordance with the relevant procedure of BS 3195-1:1989 and as specified in 3.3. NOTEThe method
43、 in 3.3 is designed for sampling the bulk of fuel fed to the offtake point. Fault examination of equipment (e.g. pumps) can require a different technique. 3.2 Sampling from pipelines Sample from pipelines in accordance with the relevant procedures of BS 3195-1 or BS 3195-2 and as specified in 3.3 (s
44、ee note to 3.1). The procedures in BS 3195-2 should be followed with use of a variable volume receiver that maintains the integrity of the sample. 3.3 Sampling from pumps 3.3.1 Sampling cans Sampling cans shall be of 5 l capacity. NOTESampling cans should conform to statutory safety requirements for
45、 classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances. 3.3.2 Preparation of cans Cans for taking fuel samples shall be used solely for this purpose. Before use, cans shall be checked to ensure they are clean and dry, sound, and free from leaks, and with a fuel-resistant sealing washer in
46、good condition in the cap. 3.3.3 Sampling procedure From the offtake point, carefully draw the test fuel into a can, using a clean dry funnel if necessary. Tighten the screw cap fully and check the can to ensure there are no leaks. If more than 5 l is required, repeat the operation immediately (befo
47、re the offtake point is used for any other purpose). 3.3.4 Labelling and transport Label the can fully and legibly with the class, source and date of the sample. NOTE 1If required, seal and label the sample to maintain the legal integrity. NOTE 2If the sample is to be sent to a laboratory by public
48、transport, compliance should be made with general regulations covering transportation of flammable materials and the requirements of the transport authority. Information on the appropriate procedures and the packaging requirements should be obtained from the transport authority. 4 Composition Fuels
49、shall be essentially hydrocarbon oils derived from petroleum. Fuels shall not contain components or adventitious matter likely to interfere with normal operation of equipment for which the correct class of product is intended. NOTE 1Small amounts of additives intended to improve some aspects of performance and/or to ameliorate emissions or deposits may be included. NOTE 2HM Customs and Excise prescribe dyes and/or markers to fuels used for certain pur