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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1016-109: 1995 ISO 1953:1994 Methods for Analysis and testing of coal and coke Part 109: Size analysis of coal Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:07:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-109:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared u
2、nder the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1995 BSI 10-1999 First published as BS 1016-17 March 1979 First published as BS 1016-109 January 1995 The following BSI references re
3、late to the work on this standard: Committee reference SFI/3 Draft for comment 91/54103 DC ISBN 0 580 23610 2 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Solid Mineral Fuel Standards Policy Committee (SFI/-) to Technical Committee SF
4、I/3, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Coal Corporation British Gas plc British Steel Industry Electricity Association GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Power Generation Contractors Association (PGCA) (BEAMA Ltd.) Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.Date
5、Comments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:07:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-109:1995 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover National forewordii Introduction1 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Apparatus1 5Prepara
6、tion of test sample2 6Procedure2 7Expression of results4 8Test report5 Annex A (informative) Guide to sampling9 Annex B (informative) Use of mechanical sieving10 Annex C (informative) Example of removal by wet sieving of fine material from a sample having a maximum particle size less than 4 mm10 Fig
7、ure 1 Schematic diagram of a sieving procedure7 Figure 2 Graphical presentation of a size analysis8 Table 1 Example of the calculation of a size analysis involving sample division6 Table A.1 Minimum mass of gross sample9 List of referencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
8、 Fri Nov 24 08:07:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-109:1995 ii BSI 10-1999 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Solid Mineral Fuels Standards Policy Committee. It is identical with ISO 1953:1994 Hard coal Size analysis by sieving,
9、published by the Internal Organization for Standardization (ISO). This British Standard is a revision of BS 1016-17 which is withdrawn. It is technically equivalent to BS 1016-17, from which ISO 1953 was developed. BS 1016-17 is renumbered as Part 109 under a scheme for rationalizing and restructuri
10、ng BS 1016. The Parts numbered from 1 to 21 are gradually being withdrawn and replaced by Parts in the new series. The full list of Parts in the new series, together with corresponding numbering of the old series and related ISO standards is given in BS 1016-100:1994. The Technical Committee has rev
11、iewed the provisions of ISO 1988:1975, ISO 3310-1:1990, and ISO 3310-2:1990, to which normative reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract
12、. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-references International StandardCorresponding British Standard ISO 1213-1:1993BS 3552:1994 Glossary of coal preparation ter
13、ms (Identical) ISO 1213-2:1992BS 3323:1992 Glossary of terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis of solid mineral fuels (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standar
14、d has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:07:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-109:1995 BSI 10-19991 Introduc
15、tion Size analysis involves the separation of a sample of coal into size fractions having defined limits. In the methods described in this International Standard the results are expressed in terms of the percentage mass of coal remaining on sieves of different aperture sizes. This information can be
16、 of use in a number of applications, including the following: assessing the yields of products from run-of-mine coals; providing design data for coal preparation plants; checking that products from screening plants are within the required limits; assessing the performance of coal-crushing plants; an
17、d selecting coals for particular processes and equipment. 1 Scope This International Standard specifies reference methods for the size analysis of coal by manual sieving (wet or dry), using test sieves of aperture sizes between 125 mm and 45 4m. A guide to sampling is given in Annex A and notes on t
18、he use of mechanical sieving are given in Annex B. This International Standard is applicable to all hard coals. It is not applicable to coke or other manufactured fuels. In the case of pulverized coal which has been ground so that a high proportion passes through the test sieve of smallest aperture
19、size, the methods described in this International Standard will determine only the percentage oversize. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editi
20、ons indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently
21、valid International Standards. ISO 1213-1:1993, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 1: Terms relating to coal preparation. ISO 1213-2:1992, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis. ISO 1988:1975, Hard coal Sampling. ISO 3310-1:1990, Test sieves Technic
22、al requirements and testing Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth. ISO 3310-2:1990, Test sieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the definitions given in ISO 1213-1 and ISO 1213-2 apply.
23、 4 Apparatus 4.1 For all methods 4.1.1 Test sieves, exclusively round-hole or exclusively square-hole, complying with ISO 3310-1 or ISO 3310-2, as appropriate. NOTE 1The recommended series of test sieves for general purposes is 125 mm, 90 mm, 63 mm, 45 mm, 31,5 mm, 22,4 mm, 16 mm, 11,2 mm, 8 mm, 5,6
24、 mm and 4 mm nominal aperture sizes, square-hole, or the same sizes of round-hole sieves. If this series is inadequate for the sizing of graded coals, sieves from the supplementary sizes 100 mm, 80 mm, 50 mm, 40 mm, 25 mm, 20 mm, 12,5 mm, 10 mm and 6,3 mm may be included. For samples containing piec
25、es having a particle size greater than 125 mm, single-hole gauges of the required dimensions may be used for the larger pieces. Test sieves of nominal aperture size 4 mm and less should be of metal wire cloth; the recommended series of nominal aperture sizes is 4 mm, 2,8 mm, 2 mm, 1,4 mm, 1 mm, 710
26、4m, 500 4m, 355 4m, 250 4m, 180 4m, 125 4m, 90 4m, 63 4m and 45 4m. NOTE 2When a complete size analysis is required, it is preferable, subject to the range of sieve aperture sizes available, that the mass of coal in any size fraction does not exceed 30 % of the total mass of sample being sieved. The
27、 largest aperture size sieve should be that on which not more than 5 % mass fraction of the sample is retained and the smallest aperture size sieve should be that through which not more than 5 % mass fraction of the sample passes. NOTE 3It is important to check the sieves from time to time, by the m
28、ethods described in ISO 3310-1 and ISO 3310-2, to ensure that the aperture dimensions are within the specified tolerances. Worn or damaged sieves can give rise to serious errors in size analysis and should be discarded. 4.1.2 Receivers, for collecting material passing through the sieves. 4.1.3 Weigh
29、ing machine, capable of measuring the mass of the sample to be sieved to the nearest 0,1 %. 4.1.4 Three trays, smooth, of noncorrodible material, at least 400 mm 400 mm. NOTE 4Glazed paper may be used if trays are not available. 4.1.5 Watch- or clock-glasses 4.2 For dry sieving 4.2.1 Lids, to fit th
30、e test sieves. 4.2.2 Flat brush, for cleaning the sieves and for brushing dust from the trays. 4.2.3 Hardwood block, about 150 mm long with a 10 mm 10 mm cross-section, for tapping the sieves. 4.2.4 Shovel or scoop 4.3 For wet sieving 4.3.1 Buchner funnel Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
31、Fri Nov 24 08:07:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-109:1995 2 BSI 10-1999 4.3.2 Buchner flask 4.3.3 Filter paper 4.3.4 Oven, capable of being controlled to 2 C in the range 30 C to 110 C. 5 Preparation of test sample 5.1 General Drying is necessary if the coal is wet and dry siev
32、ing is to be performed. The gross sample may be divided if its mass greatly exceeds the value given in Table A.1. If the gross sample is to be dried and divided, the division shall be carried out first whenever practicable. If no preparation is necessary, the test sample is the gross sample. 5.2 Dry
33、ing Air-dry the sample either at ambient temperature or at an elevated temperature not exceeding 50 C. Cool, if necessary, and allow the moisture content to come to equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere. NOTE 5If caking or swelling tests are to be carried out subsequently on the sample, the dry
34、ing temperature should not exceed 40 C. 5.3 Division (other than wet coal of nominal top size less than 4 mm) Provided that the sample does not contain pieces of particle size greater than 16,0 mm, divide the sample by means of a suitable mechanical sample divider or riffle, which will not give bias
35、ed divided samples, avoiding size degradation and loss of dust. If the sample contains pieces of particle size greater than 16,0 mm, use either the flattened heap method or the strip mixing and splitting method described in ISO 9411-1. Weigh all the coal not included as part of the test sample and r
36、etain it until all analyses and calculations are complete. 5.4 Division of wet coal of nominal top size less than 4 mm Spread the gross sample on a clean flat surface, form into a cake 15 mm to 25 mm thick and extract a 2 kg divided sample by taking not less than 50 increments, evenly spread over th
37、e cake, using an appropriate sampling scoop. If further division is necessary, air-dry the divided sample first, as described in 5.2 and then proceed as described in 5.3. 6 Procedure 6.1 General The analysis shall be carried out by dry sieving (6.2) or by wet sieving (6.3). If the mass of the unders
38、ize greatly exceeds the value given in Table A.1, divide it by means of a suitable mechanical sample divider or riffle, which will not give biased divided products, or by the flattened heap method or the strip mixing and splitting method described in ISO 9411-1, avoiding size degradation and loss of
39、 dust. NOTE 6In general, dry sieving is suitable for most types of coal but wet sieving should be used if particles tend to agglomerate. NOTE 7A combination of wet sieving (to remove fine material) and dry sieving may be appropriate and an example is given in Annex C. NOTE 8The range of sieves used
40、will depend on the type of coal and the purpose of the test. For example, a complete size analysis may be required for a run-of-mine coal or, in the simplest case, the amount of undersize in a graded product may be required. If the results are to be presented graphically, the range of sieves should
41、comprise at least five different aperture sizes. NOTE 9During sieving it may be convenient either to weigh separately each container with its size fraction and to subtract the mass of the empty container or to weigh one container with the fraction corresponding to the largest aperture size and to ad
42、d successively all the other fractions, noting the cumulative mass after each addition. The first technique is preferred for samples having a maximum particle size of 4 mm, so that the endpoint of sieving may be checked. The second technique is normally used for samples containing pieces having a pa
43、rticle size greater than 4 mm. However, if a detailed analysis of the individual size fractions is required, it is essential to use the first technique. NOTE 10A preliminary sieving on the smallest aperture size sieve is recommended when the sample contains a large proportion of very fine material.
44、6.2 Dry sieving 6.2.1 Sample of maximum particle size greater than 45 mm Weigh the sample to the nearest 0,1 %. Position the 45 mm aperture size sieve (4.1.1) over an empty receiver (4.1.2) so that the free fall of coal passing through the sieve into the receiver does not exceed 150 mm. Place the co
45、al on the sieve and move the coal by hand until no more passes through the sieve. Hand place the particles which still remain on the sieve. NOTE 11“Hand placing” refers to the operation defined in ISO 1213-2:1992, 3.73. Resieve the oversize from the 45 mm aperture size sieve, in the same fashion, on
46、 the larger aperture size sieves in the set (4.1.1), starting with the largest aperture size and working down to the smallest. Collect each size fraction in a weighed empty receiver and reweigh to obtain the mass of each individual fraction. Sieve the undersize from the 45 mm aperture size sieve as
47、described in 6.2.2. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 08:07:59 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1016-109:1995 BSI 10-19993 6.2.2 Sample of maximum particle size between 4 mm and 45 mm Weigh the sample to the nearest 0,1 %. Position the largest aperture size sieve in
48、 the set (4.1.1) over an empty receiver (4.1.2). Move the sieve horizontally to and fro, with the displacement not exceeding 100 mm in either direction, so as to cause the pieces of coal to tumble or roll on the sieve. NOTE 12When using square-hole sieves, the sides of the holes should be parallel t
49、o the direction of the sieving motion. Continue the sieving motion until eight movements in each direction (a total of sixteen movements) have taken place after the last undersize piece passes through the sieve. Avoid any impact when stopping the motion. Place the coal remaining on the sieve in a weighed receiver and reweigh to obtain the mass of the size fraction. Resieve the undersize by repeating the above process for each sieve down to and including the 4 mm aperture size sieve. If analysis of the undersize from the 4 mm aperture size s