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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 1133-6.1: 1991 Packaging code Section 6: Protection of metal surfaces against corrosion during transport and storage Subsection 6.1 Cleaning and drying of metal surfaces Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
2、1133-6.1:1991 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee, was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 28 February 1991 BSI 01-1999 The following BSI references relate to the wor
3、k on this standard: Committee reference PKM/583 Draft for comment 86/35055 DC ISBN 0 580 19039 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee (PKM/-) to Technical Committee P
4、KM/583, upon which the following bodies were represented: BCIRA British Lubricants Federation Limited British Non-ferrous Metals Federation British Rubber Manufacturers Association Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association Institute of Marine Engineers Institute of Packaging Institute of
5、 Petroleum Institute of Refrigeration Institution of Mechanical Engineers Ministry of Defence Oil and Colour Chemists Association Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:45 GMT+00:
6、00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-6.1:1991 BSI 01-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Foreword ii 1Scope 1 2General information on cleaning 1 3Removal of oil, grease, dirt and swarf3 4Removal of rust and scale 13 5Removal of miscellaneous residues (heat-treatment s
7、alts, fluxes and sweat residues)17 6Information on drying 18 Appendix A Recommended characteristics for water-displacing fluids 24 Appendix B Stability test24 Appendix C Method of test for water-displacing properties24 Appendix D Method of test for emulsifying properties25 Figure 1 Possible design o
8、f dip-tank for water-displacing fluid 19 Table 1 Guide to selection of cleaning process 21 Table 2 Cleaning flow chart 23 Table 3 Stability test temperature cycle 24 Publication(s) referred toInside back cover Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontroll
9、ed Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-6.1:1991 ii BSI 01-1999 Foreword This Subsection of BS 1133 was prepared under the direction of the Packaging and Freight Containers Standards Policy Committee. It constitutes a revision of sections A and B of the 1966 version of BS 1133-6, and brings information on techniqu
10、es for cleaning and drying of metal surfaces up-to-date. The importance of cleaning and drying to the prevention of corrosion is believed to be of sufficient justification to publish these sections as a separate Subsection of BS 1133. Information on the selection, application and removal of temporar
11、y protectives is published as Subsection 6.2 and constitutes a revision of sections C and D of the 1966 version of BS 1133-6. It is envisaged that performance standards for temporary protectives contained in section E of the 1966 version of BS 1133-6 will be revised and published as a separate Briti
12、sh Standard specification for temporary protectives; with its publication, BS 1133-6:1966 will be superseded and therefore withdrawn. BS 7195 gives information regarding a source of corrosion not covered by BS 1133-6. The information given in this Subsection is intended as a general guide and does n
13、ot cover specific requirements for which specialist advice should be sought. WARNING. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from
14、 legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. BS 1133 now consists of the following Sections, all of which are published separately, with the exception of Sections 1 to 3, which are published in one volume. Sections 1 to 3: Introduction to packaging; Section 4: Mechanical aids in pa
15、ckage handling; Section 5: Protection against spoilage of packages and their contents by micro-organisms, insects, mites and rodents; Section 6: Protection of metal surfaces against corrosion during transport and storage; Subsection 6.1: Cleaning and drying of metal surfaces; Subsection 6.2: Tempora
16、ry protectives and their application; Section 7: Paper and board wrappers, bags and containers; Subsection 7.1: Wrapping papers; Subsection 7.2: Bags and envelopes; Subsection 7.3: Cartons and boxes; Subsection 7.4: Fibreboard drums; Subsection 7.5: Fibreboard cases; Subsection 7.6: Moulded pulp pac
17、kaging; Subsection 7.7: Composite containers; Section 8: Wooden containers; Section 10: Metal containers; Section 12: Methods of protection against shock (excluding cushioning devices); Section 13: Twines and cords for packaging; Section 14: Adhesive closing and sealing tapes; Licensed Copy: sheffie
18、ldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-6.1:1991 BSI 01-1999iii Section 15: Tensional strapping; Section 16: Adhesives for packaging; Section 18: Glass containers and closures; Subsection 18.1: Terminology; Section 19: Use of desiccants in packagi
19、ng; Section 21: Regenerated cellulose films, plastics films, aluminium foil and flexible laminates; Section 22: Packaging in plastics containers. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct ap
20、plication. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright d
21、ate) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov 24 06:19:45
22、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-6.1:1991 BSI 01-19991 1 Scope This Subsection of BS 1133 gives guidance on methods of cleaning and drying metal surfaces just before employing an appropriate temporary protective treatment (see BS 1133-6.2). NOTEThe titles of the publications referr
23、ed to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 General information on cleaning 2.1 The need for cleaning Freedom from contamination of all kinds is essential in preventing corrosion of metallic surfaces. The best protective against corrosion can be rendered worthless when applied over
24、 a contaminated surface. Contaminants, i.e. unwanted deposits on the surface of an article, are usually present on items, unless preventive precautions are taken during processing. Strict attention should be given to thorough cleaning and also to keeping items as clean as possible during all stages
25、of manufacture. The cleaning and drying process should be followed as quickly as possible by treatment with an appropriate temporary protective (see BS 1133-6.2). 2.2 Choice and application of cleaner 2.2.1 General There is no single, universal method of cleaning by which all surfaces can be prepare
26、d for the application of protective coatings, and the particular cleaning method for any given type of article should be carefully selected and properly carried out. In this Subsection of BS 1133, information is given about the most common cleaning problems and the most widely used cleaning methods.
27、 It is impossible to give complete details of all applications, and complex problems should be referred to specialists in the particular fields. The following factors should be considered: a) nature of contaminants to be removed (see 2.2.2); b) nature of the materials of which the articles to be cle
28、aned are constructed (see 2.2.3); c) complexity of construction (see 2.2.4); d) nature of the surface (see 2.2.5); e) availability of cleaning materials and equipment (see 2.2.6); f) hazards of cleaning materials (see 2.2.7); g) stage at which cleaning is carried out (see 2.2.8); h) number of articl
29、es to be treated (see 2.2.9). Information concerning the selection of an appropriate cleaning process is summarized in Table 1. However Table 1 should be used only in conjunction with the detailed information given in the text of this Subsection of BS 1133. 2.2.2 Nature of contaminants to be removed
30、 Residues to be removed are frequently present in association with oil or grease. Cleaning with solvents, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene or a petroleum solvent, can remove grease and dislodge mechanically entrained material, such as metallic or abrasive residues, without affecting
31、saline material adherent to the metal, e.g. perspiration residues. Aqueous alkaline cleaners are usually capable of dealing with all these residues, by a combination of solution, emulsification and mechanical dispersal, but should be followed by careful rinsing and drying. Rust and other corrosion p
32、roducts, and certain other surface deposits, which cannot be dissolved or emulsified by these methods, may require acid treatment or mechanical removal by abrasives. WARNING. Safety precautions are necessary when using halogenated solvents (see 3.1.2.4, 3.1.3.2 and 3.1.3.3). 1,1,1-trichloroethane is
33、 preferable to trichloroethylene in terms of safety with respect to user exposure to the solvent and its vapour. NOTEThe use of chlorofluorohydrocarbons should be strictly controlled as they are suspected of causing serious damage to the upper atmosphere. 2.2.3 Nature of the materials of which the a
34、rticles to be cleaned are constructed Two of the basic questions to be considered are whether the cleaning material will attack an article to the articles detriment and whether it will leave residues which will cause corrosion later. These questions apply particularly to certain degreasing methods.
35、1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene or petroleum solvents, when they are properly employed, will not attack metals. This also applies to mild alkaline cleaners, provided the type chosen is appropriate to the particular metal; strong alkalis are commonly used for cleaning steel, but they should
36、not be used where they can cause attack, e.g. on aluminium and magnesium and their alloys; tin; zinc and brass. All assemblies incorporating non-ferrous parts require careful consideration. It may be preferable to clean unit parts before assembly. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Fri Nov
37、24 06:19:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 1133-6.1:1991 2 BSI 01-1999 Articles that are porous or have fine capillary spaces should not be cleaned in alkaline solutions, since complete removal of cleaner residue is then very difficult and corrosion may eventually result. Extended lap
38、-joints or riveted areas, spot welded additions and other similar constructions and some cast iron articles are in this class. For articles which are partially painted or varnished, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and alkali solutions are not generally suitable. Certain emulsifiable solvent
39、 cleaners or petroleum solvents can be used. 2.2.4 Complexity of construction Care should be taken when aqueous cleaners are used for parts or assemblies of complex construction owing to the risk of trapping cleaning solution. Aqueous residues can be removed by dipping in water-displacing protective
40、s such as those classified as TP 2b (see BS 1133-6.2). If such assemblies are to be coated with protective and it is impracticable to clean the parts and apply the protective before assembling, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene or another solvent cleaner should be used, but it may be necessar
41、y to incorporate special devices in the cleaning apparatus to ensure the removal of any trapped solvent. Complex assemblies, such as generators, motors, starters, gauges, meters and timing devices, made up from dissimilar materials, such as copper, steel, rubber, carbon, plastics, paper, etc., shoul
42、d not be cleaned by immersion methods. The metallic parts of these assemblies should be cleaned before assembling, and the assemblies themselves should be kept clean and free from corrosion by careful handling with gloves and the use of clean covered boxes, protective bags etc. After cleaning it may
43、 be necessary to handle and store parts in an air-conditioned room having controlled low humidity. 2.2.5 Nature of the surface The degree of finish or polish and of dimensional accuracy should be considered. For example, light rust stain from fingerprints might be tolerated on a casting, but would s
44、poil a highly finished surface. Great care should be taken in degreasing highly finished surfaces made to fine dimensional limits, to avoid any deposit or staining. Such deposits can be caused by incorrect operation of the particular cleaning method and are more likely to occur with alkaline cleaner
45、s. Rough machined, stamped or drawn articles can be cleaned by any easily applicable method. 2.2.6 Availability of cleaning materials and equipment The availability of cleaning materials and equipment should be a determining factor in the selection of a cleaning method only after the nature of the c
46、ontaminant, degree of cleanness required, composition of the part, etc. as detailed in 2.2.2 to 2.2.5, have been given full consideration. Corrosion can actually be caused by the application of inappropriate methods of cleaning. Table 1 and Table 2 indicate the materials, equipment and services requ
47、ired for each method of cleaning. 2.2.7 Hazards of cleaning materials All the cleaning materials present some hazards. Halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene and trichloroethane, can burn in certain circumstances and are a health hazard if the vapour is inhaled. Other solvents, such as
48、petroleum-based liquids, present greater fire hazards. All organic solvents can degrease the skin and make it liable to infection; alkalis, dry or in solution, have a similar effect and can cause burns, damage to eyes, etc. Hot aqueous solutions and hot solvent baths can also cause burns. It is esse
49、ntial that the appropriate precautions are taken to avoid risk to health. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988, SI No 1657, and the HSE Code of Practice 29 “Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Control of Carcinogenic Substances” 1989, require employers to assess the risks which may arise from hazardous substances at work and then to determine the measures needed to prevent or control adequately exposure to them. It may be possible to eliminate the hazardous substance by changing th