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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 7944:1999 ICS 13.220.1
2、0 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Type 1 heavy duty fire blankets and type 2 heavy duty heat protective blankets This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Health and Environment Sector Committee, was published under the authority of
3、 the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 October 1999 BSI 10-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference FSH/2/13 Draft for comment 98/541115 DC ISBN 0 580 33016 8 BS 7944:1999 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments Committ
4、ees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee FSH/2, Fire extinguishers, to Subcommittee FSH/2/13, Fire blankets, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Fire Consortium British Leather Confederation Buying A
5、gency Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Fire Extinguishing Trades Association Home Office Institute of Petroleum International Wool Secretariat Loss Prevention Council Maritime and Coastguard Agency Ministry of Defence BS 7944:1999 BSI 10-1999i Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover F
6、orewordii 1Scope1 2Normative references1 3Definitions1 4Type requirements1 5Physical requirements1 6Functional requirements2 7Marking3 Annex A (normative) Preparation of samples, conditioning, storage, and sequence of testing4 Annex B (normative) Thermal insulation test4 Annex C (normative) Hot cutt
7、ing test5 Annex D (normative) Electrical resistance test7 Annex E (normative) Volatile liquid fire8 Annex F (normative) Cooking oil fire9 Figure B.1 Sample holder5 Figure C.1 Hot cutting test apparatus6 Figure C.2 Arrangement of test specimen and cutting bar7 Figure D.1 Electrical resistance test ap
8、paratus8 Figure E.1 Volatile liquid fire test apparatus9 Figure F.1 Cooking oil fire test apparatus10 Table 1 Type requirements for type 1 and type 2 blankets1 ii BSI 10-1999 BS 7944:1999 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Fire Standards Committee. It superse
9、des BS 6575:1985 which is withdrawn. This British Standard gives practical performance tests of the effectiveness of protective blankets in the two principal applications, extinction of small fires and resistance to heat transmission and penetration by hot objects or sparks. BS 6575 contained requir
10、ements for blankets suitable for domestic use, as well as a single type for heavy duty applications. In January 1997 the domestic blanket type was incorporated into EN 1869 which was adopted nationally as BS EN 1869 in April 1997. CEN did not agree to standardize heavy duty blankets, and so this Bri
11、tish Standard was produced to retain national requirements for the heavy duty products. This British Standard classifies heavy duty blankets into two types. The first is a fire blanket that is able to smother two types of fire and provide heat protection. The second is a heat protective blanket that
12、 can prevent injury or damage by heat and molten metal splashes. The specified sizes of the blankets are modified and some changes are made in the fire tests. This edition has also been updated to take into account changes in the other standards referred to. Heat protective blankets conforming to th
13、e thermal performance requirements are suitable for industrial use to prevent damage or injury to equipment or persons by resisting penetration of molten metal or sparks. These blankets perform a fire prevention function but may not be equally effective at extinguishing a fire. Fire blankets conform
14、ing to both types of performance test are considered suitable for industrial or fire service use to provide protection from sparks, molten metal or plastics droplets during emergency cutting operations, etc. These blankets can also be used in kitchens or wherever there may be a requirement to exting
15、uish fires in small containers or in clothing worn by persons. The fire blankets covered by this British Standard are intended to be used by a single person in fighting fire, and so the size of blanket that can be handled depends on human size. This size restriction also limits the size of fire that
16、 can be smothered by the blanket. If the fire is too large to allow a considerable overlap of the blanket onto a sealed surface, then other methods of fire fighting (e.g. portable extinguishers, hose reels, sprinkler systems, other automatic extinguishing systems) should be provided. Extinguishers f
17、or cooking fires will be specified in a forthcoming British Standard. Materials for heat protective blankets should be recognized as non-toxic to humans in storage and use. Many fire blankets have previously been made from asbestos. Asbestos blankets are not covered by this British Standard as they
18、can represent a health hazard to users. In addition to the performance requirements in this standard, it is recommended that blankets are treated, if necessary, to resist attack by micro-organisms and insects throughout the design life. For reusable fire blankets this treatment should be able to wit
19、hstand the recommended washing or cleaning processes. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
20、obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. BSI 10-19991 BS 7944:1999 Table 1 Type re
21、quirements for type 1 and type 2 blankets CharacteristicSubclause of this British Standard Type 1 blanketsType 2 blankets Size and shape5.15.1 Mass5.25.2 Hand holding devices5.35.3 Appearance and bi-lateral use5.45.4 Resistance to fraying5.55.5 Flexibility5.65.6 Ease of removal and unpacking5.75.7 D
22、urability of container5.85.8 Thermal insulation6.2.16.2.1 Resistance to hot cutting6.2.26.2.2 Electrical insulation6.36.3 Volatile liquid fire6.4.1 Cooking oil fire6.4.2 Reusability6.5 1 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for protective blankets intended for use by one person in indu
23、strial or fire service applications. Two types are specified: type 1: heavy duty fire blankets to protect against the effects of heat and to extinguish small or moderate sized fires; type 2: heavy duty heat protective blankets. This standard does not apply to fire or heat protective blankets that: a
24、) are made from asbestos; b) have sides of differing appearance, finish or colour; c) differ in performance depending on which side is used; d) are of metallic sandwich construction. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions that, through reference in this text, con
25、stitute provisions of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amandments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 970-1:1996, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and
26、allied engineering purposes Part 1: General inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for carbon, carbon manganese, alloy and stainless steels. BS 970-3:1991, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes Part 3: Bright bars for general engineering
27、 purposes. BS 3692:1967, ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws and nuts Metric units. BS EN 373:1993, Protective clothing Assessment of resistance of materials to molten metal splash. BS EN 532:1995, Protective clothing Protection against heat and flame Test method for limited flame spread. 3 D
28、efinitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 type 1 heavy duty fire blanket heat protective blanket for industrial or fire service applications, able to extinguish fires with a burning area of 0.16 m2and combusting up to 5 l of liquid fuel 3.2 type 2 hea
29、vy duty heat protective blanket heat protective blanket for industrial or fire service applications that can resist penetration by molten metals ejected from cutting and similar processes and delay any conducted or radiant heat transfer if used for insulation 4 Type requirements Type 1 heavy duty fi
30、re and type 2 heavy duty heat protective blankets shall conform to the subclauses specified in Table 1. 5 Physical requirements 5.1 Size and shape Type 1 heavy duty fire blankets and type 2 heavy duty heat protective blankets shall be rectangular or square, with no edge less than 1.5 m or more than
31、2 m in length. 2 BSI 10-1999 BS 7944:1999 5.2 Mass Type 1 heavy duty fire blankets and type 2 heavy duty heat protective blankets shall not exceed 10 kg in mass. 5.3 Hand holding devices Hand holding devices if provided shall not comprise loops or pockets and shall not become detached from the blank
32、et during testing in accordance with 5.6, 5.7, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.4.1, 6.4.2 and 6.5. NOTECareful attention should be paid to the design of any holding device to ensure ease of handling and hand release. 5.4 Appearance and bi-lateral use The two sides of a type 1 heavy duty fire blanket and a type 2 he
33、avy duty heat protective blanket shall be of similar appearance, finish or colour and shall give the same results when tested in accordance with 5.6, 5.7, 6.2.1, 6.2.2, 6.4.1, 6.4.2 and 6.5. NOTEIt is essential that either side of the blanket can be exposed to the fire or other hazard with equal eff
34、ectiveness, and also that it is clear in an emergency which side of the blanket should be applied to the fire or hazard. 5.5 Resistance to fraying The edges of type 1 heavy duty fire blankets and type 2 heavy duty heat protective blankets shall not fray or tear during testing in accordance with 5.6,
35、 5.7, 6.4.1, 6.4.2 and 6.5. 5.6 Flexibility Blankets shall be able to be rolled along any axis completely around a 50 mm diameter bar without permanent deformation. 5.7 Ease of removal and unpacking Blankets shall be stowed or packed so that they can be taken out, unfolded, and held ready for use in
36、 not more than 4 s. The force required to remove the blanket from its container (if used) shall not exceed 80 N. NOTEBlankets may conveniently be installed for use by mounting containers on wall brackets at about eye level. 5.8 Durability of container Blanket containers and any wall mountings shall
37、not display any damage after performing the packing and unpacking cycles specified in 6.5. 6 Functional requirements 6.1 Test conditions and preparation of samples Unless specified otherwise, carry out tests at (2010) 8C using blankets conditioned as specified in annex A. Test blankets that include
38、a seam both on and off the seam (in the most unfavourable condition for tests on the seam). Carry out tests with a single thickness of blanket. NOTELap joints can trap hot particles in the cutting test if facing upwards. 6.2 Thermal performance 6.2.1 Thermal insulation There shall be no damage (incl
39、uding smoothing or modification of embossing on the surface) to PVC simulated skin, or ignition of the blanket when tested for thermal insulation in accordance with annex B. Test one blanket at three points (two on one side and one on the other). The blanket shall pass all three tests. 6.2.2 Resista
40、nce to hot cutting There shall be no damage, including smoothing or modification of the embossing on the surface, to the PVC simulated skin, or ignition of the blanket when tested for resistance to the effects of hot cutting in accordance with annex C. One blanket shall be tested at three points (tw
41、o on one side and one on the other). The blanket shall pass all three tests. 6.3 Electrical insulation The electrical resistance of the blanket material shall be at least 1 MV at any point measured in accordance with annex D. Three blankets shall be tested. 6.4 Fire performance tests 6.4.1 Volatile
42、liquid fire Type 1 heavy duty fire blankets shall be able to extinguish the volatile liquid fire specified in annex E. Perform one test each on three type 1 heavy duty fire blankets. Each blanket shall pass the test and shall remain whole and not ignite during the test. 6.4.2 Cooking oil fire Type 1
43、 heavy duty fire blankets shall be able to extinguish the cooking oil fire specified in annex F. Perform one test each on three blankets. Each blanket shall pass the test and shall remain whole and not ignite during the test. 6.5 Reusability After cleaning in accordance with the manufacturers instru
44、ctions, reusable blankets (see 6.1) shall be able to extinguish the volatile liquid fire specified in annex E. Test three blankets once each on the test fire, cleaning or washing once in accordance with the manufacturers instructions, and subjecting each to 10 cycles of the following: a) folding; b)
45、 repacking into the container or other original form; c) replacing in any wall mounting installation (see 4.7); d) unpacking and using the blanket on a second test fire. Use the same part of each blanket to cover both fires (before and after cleaning). All three blankets shall extinguish both fires.
46、 BSI 10-19993 BS 7944:1999 1)Marking BS 7944:1999 on or in relation to a product is a claim by the manufacturer that the product conforms to the standard. The accuracy of this claim is therefore the responsiblity of the manufacturer. Enquiries as to the availability of third party certification to s
47、upport such claims should be addressed to The Director, Quality Assurance Division, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, for certification marks administered by BSI, or to the appropriate authority for other certification marks. 7 Marking 7.1 Blanket Each type 1 heavy duty fire blanket and ty
48、pe 2 heavy duty heat protective blanket shall be marked with the following: a) type 1 heavy duty fire blanket or type 2 heavy duty heat protective blanket, as appropriate; b) reusable, if appropriate; c) the name and address of the manufacturer or vendor; d) the information specified in 7.3, or word
49、ing relating the blanket to the container and/or instruction sheet; e) the number and date of this British Standard, i.e. BS 7944:19991). 7.2 Containers for type 1 heavy duty fire blankets Containers, if used, shall be marked fire blanket, in white letters at least 15 mm high on a rectangular red background. The letter style shall be Helvetica Medium. NOTEThis is in general agreement with the requirements for information signs specified in BS 5499-1. If containers are not used, either the fire blanket should be marked fire blanket, in w