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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1
2、990 Incorporating Amendment No. 1, not published separately NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Workmanship on building sites Part 2. Code of practice for concrete work Section 2.1 Mixing and transporting concrete C CA AWWS S E E1 10 0 Licensed Copy: London South B
3、ank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1990Issue 2, February 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Council for Building and Civil Engineering, was published under the a
4、uthority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 31 July 1990 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/146 Draft for comment 85/10612 DC ISBN 0 580 18824 8 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected 9324February 1997
5、Indicated by a sideline in the margin Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Council for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/146, upon which the following bodies were represented: Building Employers Con
6、federation Chartered Institute of Building Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment) Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Federation of Associations of Specialists and Sub-Contractors Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Bri
7、tain Inc. Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers National Building Specification Ltd. National Council of Building Materials Producers National House Building Council Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Society of Chief Architect
8、s of Local Authorities Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 1997i Issue 2, February 1997BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1990 Contents Page Committees responsibleInside front cover Forewordii Subsection 1
9、. General 1.1Scope1 1.2References1 1.3Definitions1 Subsection 2. Materials and handling 2.1Checking2 2.2Handling and site storage2 Subsection 3. Weather conditions 3.1Hot weather3 3.2Cold weather3 3.3Rain3 Subsection 4. Mixing 4.1Batching by mass4 4.2Batching by volume4 4.3Batching instructions4 4.4
10、Mixing different cements4 4.5Admixtures4 4.6Pigments4 4.7Mixing methods4 4.8Mixer priming4 4.9Mixing time5 4.10 Workability5 4.11 Care of static batching and mixing plant5 4.12 Weighing tolerance5 Subsection 5. Transporting concrete on site 5.1Weather conditions6 5.2Transporting6 Index7 List of refe
11、rencesInside back cover Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1990Issue 2, February 1997 ii BSI 1997 | 1)In preparation. | Foreword This Section of BS 8000 has been prepared un
12、der the direction of the Council for Building and Civil Engineering. It makes recommendations and gives guidance on basic workmanship for conventional types of building work. The recommendations given are not necessarily comprehensive; particular project documents, e.g. project specifications, may n
13、eed to cover particular recommendations not dealt with by this code of practice. This code of practice is unique in that unlike other British Standards, it draws together recommendations given in other codes of practice. The purpose of this code of practice is to encourage good workmanship by provid
14、ing the following: (a) the most frequently required recommendations on workmanship for building work in a readily available and convenient form to those working on site; (b) assistance in the efficient preparation and administration of contracts; (c) recommendations on how designers requirements for
15、 workmanship may be satisfactorily realized; (d) definitions of good practice on building sites for supervision and for training purposes; this guidance is not intended to supplant the normal training in craft skills; (e) a reference for quality of workmanship on building sites. It is recognized tha
16、t design procurement and project information should be conducive to good workmanship on site. During the preparation of this code of practice the Building Industrys Co-ordinating Committee for Project Information (CCPI), produced a Common Arrangement of Work Sections (CAWS) for building work. This c
17、ode of practice has generally been arranged in accordance with the Common Arrangement so that it can be used easily with project specifications and bills of quantities using this arrangement. Other major documents are being restructured in accordance with the Common Arrangement. NOTE. The CCPI was s
18、ponsored by the Association of Consulting Engineers, the Building Employers Confederation, the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and the Royal Institute of British Architects. When complete BS 8000 will comprise the following Parts. Part 1.Code of practice for excavation and filling Part 2.Co
19、de of practice for concrete work Part 3.Code of practice for masonry Part 4.Code of practice for waterproofing Part 5.Code of practice for carpentry, joinery and general fixings Part 6.Code of practice for roof, slate, tile covering and cladding Part 7.Code of practice for glazing Part 8.Code of pra
20、ctice for plasterboard partitions and dry linings Part 9.Code of practice for cement/sand floor screeds and concrete floor toppings Part 10.Code of practice for plastering and rendering Part 11.Code of practice for wall and floor tiling Part 12.Code of practice for decorative wallcoverings and paint
21、ing Part 13.Code of practice for above ground drainage and sanitary appliances Part 14.Code of practice for below ground drainage Part 15.Code of practice for hot and cold water services (domestic scale) Part 16.1)Code of practice for sealing joints in buildings using Sealants Licensed Copy: London
22、South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Issue 2, February 1997BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1990 BSI 1997iii | | Technical Committees CAB/4 (now B/517), Concrete and CSB/39 (now B/525/2), Structural use of concrete, have also part
23、icipated in the preparation of this Section of BS 8000. The text of this Section of BS 8000 includes commentaries. These commentaries are separately identified and are intended to be for guidance only and do not form part of the recommendations. They refer, unless otherwise stated, to the clause whi
24、ch immediately precedes each commentary. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ivblank Licensed Copy: Lond
25、on South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Subsection 1Issue 2, February 1997BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1990 BSI 19971 Subsection 1. General | | | 1.1 Scope This Section of BS 8000 gives recommendations on basic workmanship and
26、 covers those tasks which are frequently carried out in relation to the mixing and transporting of concrete on site. It is applicable only to standard and prescribed mixes as described in BS 5328 : Part 2 . This Section does not cover special concrete for civil engineering works (see BS 8110 and oth
27、er specialist codes), ready mixed concrete (see BS 5328), precast concrete (see BS 5328 and British Standards for precast concrete products) and designed or designated mixes. NOTE. This code of practice includes supplementary elements in the form of commentaries to assist in its use and understandin
28、g. Compliance with the commentaries is not necessary in order to be able to claim conformity with the standard. | | 1.2 References 1.2.1 Normative references This Section of BS 8000 incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are ci
29、ted at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications apply to this Section of BS 8000 only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. 1.2.2 Informative references This Section o
30、f BS 8000 refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 1.3 Definitions For the purposes of this Section of BS 8
31、000, the definitions given in BS 6100 : Subsection 1.3.1, BS 6100 : Subsection 1.5.3 , BS 6100 : Section 6.2 and BS 6100 : Subsection 6.6.1 apply. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 BS 8000 : Sec
32、tion 2.1 : 1990Subsection 2 Subsection 2. Materials and handling Caution. When cement is mixed with water, alkali is released. Take precautions to avoid dry cement entering the eyes, mouth and nose when mixing concrete. Prevent skin contact with wet cement or concrete by wearing suitable protective
33、clothing. If cement or concrete enters the eye, immediately wash it out thoroughly with clean water and seek medical treatment without delay. Wash wet concrete off the skin immediately. 2.1 Checking Check delivery tickets and certificates against the specification and examine marks and labels and co
34、ndition of the material. If not satisfied refer them to the supplier immediately. In particular check that: a) cement is the correct type, protection is effective against rain and dampness and, if bagged, any damage to bags; b) coarse and fine aggregates are the correct single or graded sizes and ty
35、pes and are clean. 2.2 Handling and site storage 2.2.1 Cement in bulk Store in a proper cement silo ensuring that: a) the silo mechanism is cleaned regularly in accordance with the manufacturers sitework instructions; b) the air filter is cleaned after every delivery; c) the inlet pipe is marked wit
36、h the type of cement; d) different types of cement are kept in different silos. COMMENTARY. Unless the mechanisms are regularly cleaned they become clogged and the feed of the cement is likely to become irregular. 2.2.2 Cement in bags a) Store cement in a dry, weatherproof, frost-free, enclosed shed
37、 or building with a dry floor. If the floor is concrete, store on a timber platform. b) Stack bags closely together away from walls and not more than eight bags high. c) Stack bags so that consignments can be used in the order of delivery. d) Check cement for deterioration when taken out of storage.
38、 Do not use if it is lumpy, without obtaining instructions. COMMENTARY. It is essential that cement is kept dry and away from air as far as practicable. Air contains moisture which causes an air-set in the cement, therefore by keeping the doors and windows of the storeroom shut the supply of fresh m
39、oist air is reduced. Even in good conditions cement stored in bags can lose significant strength (20 %) after about four to six weeks, hence the need to check stocks. 2.2.3 Aggregates Ensure that: a) handling does not cause segregation of the various sized particles; b) different sizes and types are
40、 kept strictly separate; c) they are stored on a hard, clean base which permits free drainage; d) they are not contaminated by leaves, rubbish, dirt, or other deleterious material; e) in freezing conditions, the stockpiles are covered to prevent the aggregates freezing; f) in hot weather with prolon
41、ged periods of sunshine, the stockpiles are covered or sprayed with clean water from time to time to reduce the temperature of the aggregates. COMMENTARY. Generally stocks of different sizes and types of aggregates should be separated by partitions to ensure there is no mixing. This is essential whe
42、re aggregates are stored behind the mixer and loaded with a skip and drag line. Where small quantities of aggregates are required it may be sufficient to store them in several heaps. Generally large stocks of aggregate should be stored on a hard standing of lean concrete and this can be extended to
43、accommodate the mixer. The base should extend well beyond storage and mixer area with good drainage towards the edges. Alternatively small quantities of aggregate can be stored on polythene or tarpaulin sheeting to assist in keeping the aggregates clean. The control of the water content of concrete
44、is assisted if wet aggregates can be allowed to drain for at least 16 h after delivery and if they are kept covered during long periods of rain. It also assists if the bottom 300 mm to 600 mm of a stockpile is not used as this will be much wetter than the rest. In very cold weather it may be necessa
45、ry to use some form of insulated covering. Polythene sheets will keep out rain and dirt but do not offer much protection against the aggregates freezing. However the sheets may be improved by holding the sheets clear of the aggregates. 2.2.4 Water Use water from a mains supply, and if it is not avai
46、lable seek instructions. Protect the water from contamination before use. 2.2.5 Other materials Store all materials such as admixtures, pigments, etc. so that they can be easily identified and do not become mixed together or contaminated. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Ban
47、k University, Fri Dec 08 05:42:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Subsection 3Issue 2, February 1997BS 8000 : Section 2.1 : 1990 BSI 19973 | Subsection 3. Weather conditions | | | 3.1 Hot weather Take precautions to ensure that the temperature of the concrete is not higher than 30 C at th
48、e time of placing. COMMENTARY. If sunshine is strong and prolonged it will assist if mixer drums, dumpers, barrows, chutes, etc. are sprayed with clean cool water from time to time. See also 2.2.3. 3.2 Cold weather a) Obtain a weather forecast in advance of concreting. b) Take precautions to ensure
49、the temperature of the concrete does not fall below 5 C at any time during mixing and transporting. c) Do not place concrete against frozen or ice covered surfaces. COMMENTARY. A summary of measures that can be taken for different degrees of severity of cold weather are the following. Air temperatures below 5 C but no anticipated freezing (1) the temperature of concrete delivered to the point of placing should be checked and should be at least 5 C and preferably 10 C; this is particularly important for thin and exposed members; (2) Portland cement class 42.5R or 52.5 sho