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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 2
2、28-1a:2000 ISO 6487:2000 ICS 43.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Impact tests on road vehicles Part 1a: Specification for measurement techniques and general instrumentation Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09
3、 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 July 2000 BSI 07-2000 ISBN 0 580 36083 0 BS AU 228-1a:200
4、0 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 6487:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS AU 228-1:1989 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Co
5、mmittee AUE/7, Automobile occupant restraint systems, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related i
6、nternational and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the
7、BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsi
8、ble for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 13 and a back cover. The BSI cop
9、yright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 6487:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6487 Third edit
10、ion 2000-05-01 Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation Vhicules routiers Techniques de mesurage lors des essais de choc Instrumentation BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncont
11、rolled Copy, (c) BSI ii? BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?iii Contents Foreword.iv Introductioniv 1?Scope 1 2?Normative references1 3?Terms and definitions .1 4?Performance req
12、uirements.3 4.1?Linearity error.3 4.2?Amplitude against frequency 3 4.3?Phase delay time3 4.4?Time.3 4.5?Transducer transverse sensitivity ratio 3 4.6?Calibration3 4.7?Environmental effects .5 4.8?Choice and designation of data channel.5 4.9?Choice of reference coordinate system 5 4.10?Impact veloci
13、ty measurement 6 Annex A (informative) Butterworth four-pole phaseless digital filter (including initial conditions treatment) algorithm8 Annex B (informative) Recommendations as to how the requirements can be met11 Bibliography13 BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London
14、 South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv? Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried o
15、ut through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO c
16、ollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
17、 are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO sh
18、all not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 6487 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22,Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 12,Restraint systems. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6487:1987), subclauses 3.5, 3.
19、9 and 3.10, Figure 1, and annex B of which have been technically revised. The new subclauses 4.8, 4.9 and 4.10, annex A, Figure 2, and the bibliography have been added. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only. BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank Univers
20、ity, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?v Introduction This International Standard specifies a series of performance requirements covering the entire measurement sequence of impact shocks. While these requirements are unalterable and obligat
21、ory for any party conducting tests in conformance with this International Standard, the method chosen to demonstrate conformance can be adapted to suit the particular equipment being used for testing. Such an approach affects the interpretation of requirements. For example, the requirement to calibr
22、ate within the channels working range of FLto FH/2,5 (see 4.1) cannot be interpreted literally, as low-frequency calibration of accelerometers requires large displacement inputs beyond the capacity of virtually any test laboratory. Nor is it intended that each requirement be taken as necessitating p
23、roof by a single test. A tester can certify that if such a test of conformity were possible and were to be carried out, the equipment would meet the requirements. This certification would be based on reasonable deductions from existing data the results of partial tests, for example and its basis wou
24、ld normally be expected to be made available to the impact-test-result users. For some subjects a single test is enough to directly demonstrate conformity. Other subjects, however, will need to be certified in an indirect manner. Again, using the example of calibration, this might be obtained with d
25、irect current at a medium frequency and, from knowledge of the transducer, an inference drawn that calibrations at intermediate frequencies would be the same. A similar case is the practical need to divide the whole channel into subsystems for calibration and checking purposes. The requirements cove
26、ring this are valid for the whole channel, the sole route by which subsystem performance can affect output quality. However, because it is often difficult to measure whole-channel performance, the tester could treat the channel as two or more convenient subsystems, and then certify the whole channel
27、 on the basis of the subsystem results, presenting them with the rationale for combining them. In summary, this International Standard allows the user of impact-test results to call up a set of relevant instrumentation requirements merely by specifying ISO 6487, while conferring on the tester the pr
28、imary responsibility for certifying that these requirements have been met by the instrumentation system used in testing. The evidence on which this certification is based will be made available on request to the user by the tester. In this way, strict requirements guaranteeing the suitability of ins
29、trumentation for impact testing are combined with flexible means of demonstrating conformity with them. BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London
30、South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?1 Road vehicles Measurement techniques in impact tests Instrumentation 1?Scope This International Standard specifies requirements and presents recommendations for measurement techniqu
31、es and instrumentation used in impact tests. The requirements are aimed at facilitating comparisons between results obtained by different laboratories, while the recommendations given in annex B are designed to assist the laboratories in meeting the requirements. NOTE?Optical methods are excluded fr
32、om this International Standard, being the subject of ISO 8721. The instrumentation to which this International Standard is applicable is specific to impact tests for road vehicles, and includes that used in tests on sub-assemblies. 2?Normative references The following normative documents contain pro
33、visions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investig
34、ate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 2041,Vibrational sh
35、ock Vocabulary. ISO 3784,Road vehicles Measurement of impact velocity in collision tests. 3?Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and the following apply. 3.1 data channel instrumentation ranging from single transducers (or
36、 multiple transducers whose outputs are combined in some specified way) to any analysis procedure that may alter the frequency content or the amplitude content of data 3.2 transducer first device in a data channel used to convert a physical quantity for measurement into a second quantity (such as el
37、ectrical voltage) able to be processed by the remainder of the channel 3.3 channel amplitude class CAC data channel designated as meeting certain amplitude characteristics specified by this International Standard NOTE?The CAC number is numerically equal to the upper limit of the measurement range. B
38、S AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2? 3.4 channel frequency class CFC frequency class designated by a number indicating that the channel frequency response lies within limits speci
39、fied by Figure 1 for CFCs 1 000 and 600 NOTE?This number and the value of the frequency FH, in hertz, are numerically equal. For the definition of characteristic frequencies FH, FLand FN, see Figures 1 and 2. 3.5 calibration value mean value measured and read during calibration of a data channel 3.6
40、 sensitivity coefficient slope of the straight line representing the best fit to the calibration values determined by the method of least squares within the channel-amplitude class 3.7 calibration factor of a data channel mean value of the sensitivity coefficients evaluated over frequencies evenly s
41、paced on a logarithmic scale between FLand FH/2,5 3.8 linearity error ratio, in percent, of the maximum difference between the calibration value and the corresponding value read on the straight line defined in 3.6 at the upper limit of the channel-amplitude class 3.9 transverse sensitivity (of a rec
42、tilinear transducer) sensitivity of the transducer to excitation in a nominal direction perpendicular to its sensitive axis NOTE?The transverse sensitivity is usually a function of the nominal direction of the chosen axis. The cross sensitivity of force and bending moment transducers is complicated
43、by the complexity of loading cases. This issue has yet to be resolved. 3.10 transverse sensitivity ratio (of a rectilinear transducer) ratio of the transverse sensitivity of the transducer to its sensitivity along its sensitive axis NOTE?The cross sensitivity of force and bending moment transducers
44、is complicated by the complexity of loading cases. This issue has yet to be resolved. 3.11 phase delay time (of a data channel) equivalent to the phase delay (in radians) of a sinusoidal signal, divided by the angular frequency of that signal (in radians per second) 3.12 environment aggregate, at a
45、given moment, of all external conditions and influences to which the data channel is subject BS AU 228-1a:2000 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sat Dec 09 02:11:32 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ?3 4?Performance requirements 4.1? Linearity error
46、The absolute value of the linearity error of a data channel at any frequency in the CFC shall be less than or equal to 2,5 % of the value of the CAC over the whole measurement range. 4.2? Amplitude against frequency 1) The frequency response of a data channel shall lie within the limiting curves giv
47、en in Figures 1 and 2. The 0 dB line is defined by the calibration factor. 4.3? Phase delay time The phase delay time between the input and the output of a data channel shall be determined, and shall not vary more than 1/10FHseconds between 0,03 FHand FH. 4.4? Time 4.4.1?Time base A time base shall
48、be recorded and give at least 0,01 s with an accuracy of 1 %. 4.4.2?Relative time delay The relative time delay between the signals of two or more data channels, regardless of their frequency class, shall not exceed 1 ms, excluding phase delay caused by phase shift. Two or more data channels of whic
49、h the signals are combined shall have the same frequency class and shall not have a relative time delay greater than 1/10FHseconds. This requirement applies to analog signals, synchronization pulses and digital signals. 4.5? Transducer transverse sensitivity ratio The transducer transverse sensitivity ratio shall be less than 5 % in any direction. 4.6 Calibration 4.6.1?General A data channel shall be calibrated at least once a year against reference equipment traceable to known standards. The methods used to carry out a comparison with reference equipment sh