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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 15433-2:2007 Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment ICS 43.160; 55.180.01 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:5
2、5:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 15433-2:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 56270 9 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15433-2:
3、2007. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/0, Packaging. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are r
4、esponsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontr
5、olled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15433-2 December 2007 ICS 43.160; 01.040.43 English Version Transportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads - Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment Charges de tr
6、ansport - Mesurage et analyse des charges mcaniques dynamiques - Partie 2 : Acquisition des donnes et exigences gnrales pour lquipement de mesure Transportbelastungen - Messen und Auswerten von mechanisch-dynamischen Belastungen - Teil 2: Datenerfassung und allgemeine Anforderungen an Messeinrichtun
7、gen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2007. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
8、 references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN m
9、ember into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
10、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-10
11、50 Brussels 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15433-2:2007: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15433-2:20
12、07 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions. 5 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 5 Annex A (normative) Road transport (blank measuring report ). 9 Annex B (normative) In-plant transportation (measurement on the
13、 transportation means) blank measuring report. 20 Annex C (normative) Storage, handling and in-plant transportation blank measuring report 29 Annex D (normative) Rail transportation (blank measuring report) 40 Annex E (normative) Sea transportation (blank measuring report) 51 Annex F (normative) Com
14、bined transportation. 58 Bibliography . 60 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15433-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Pac
15、kaging”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Att
16、ention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
17、 countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
18、, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This standard was originally prepared by working group NAVp-1.4, Requireme
19、nts and Testing, of the German Standardization Institute (DIN). It is part of a complete normative concept to acquire and describe the loads acting on goods and influencing them during transport, handling and storage. This standard becomes significant when related to the realisation of the European
20、Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste (Directive 94/62 EC, 20 December 1994). This directive specifies requirements on the avoidance or reduction of packaging waste, and requires that the amount of packaging material is adjusted to the expected transportation load, in order to protect the trans
21、portation item adequately. However, this presumes some knowledge of the transportation loads occurring during shipment. At present, basic standards, based on scientifically confirmed values, which can adequately describe and characterize the magnitudes of transportation loads, especially in the doma
22、in of dynamic mechanical loads do not exist nationally or internationally. Reasons for this are mainly the absence of published data, insufficient description of the measurements or restrictions on the dissemination of this information. This standard will enable the measurement and evaluation of dyn
23、amic mechanical transportation loads, thus enabling the achievement of standardized and adequately documented load values. This series of standards consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment Part 3: Data val
24、idity check and data editing for evaluation Part 4: Data evaluation Part 5: Derivation of test specifications Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Fri Feb
25、 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 5 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements for the preparation, performance and documentation of transportation measurements. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicatio
26、n of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15433-3, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 3: Data validity check and
27、data editing for evaluation EN 15433-4, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 4: Data evaluation ISO 8002, Mechanical vibrations Land vehicles Method for reporting measured data 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms
28、and definitions apply. 3.1 data acquisition acquisition of raw data by measuring the load-time function with the aid of a measuring device 3.2 measuring equipment measuring chain consisting of at least a sensor, signal conditioner, data recorder and data-storing device 3.3 source data time function
29、of a viewed stress amplitude, e.g. acceleration, acquired with a measuring device, but without analysing same, e.g. by frequency analysis 3.4 measuring report documentation covering the particularities gained during the acquisition of raw data 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads
30、 4.1 General Measurements shall be performed independently of the transported item and performed at the site where the load is inserted into the cargo, i.e. as a rule on the cargo platform of the various transportation vehicles. NOTE Exceptions are measurements during storage, handling, and in-plant
31、 transportation (see Annex C). 4.2 Fundamental requirements Dynamic mechanical loads shall whenever possible be acquired and recorded in an unbiased form as source data, i.e. without immediate processing, such as frequency analysis. An immediate Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London So
32、uth Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 6 processing during the measurement is only permissible when the source data is stored together with the measurement in a separate storage device in such a manner that it is left accessible for fu
33、rther examinations, and if necessary for different processing procedures. NOTE 1 Due to various reasons, experience shows that the acquisition and data analysis of dynamic data can easily be subject to error. As a rule, errors in the analysis can be corrected by reanalysis, whereas errors occurring
34、during data acquisition often demand a costly repetition of the measurements. Separate storage of the raw data ensures that analysis errors or any other analysis procedures do not necessarily require new test drives. The selection of measuring systems and their specific parameters, e.g. frequency ra
35、nge, shall be done in such a way that the acquired raw data can be analysed universally and reused at any other time. A deliberate limitation of the measurement to a smaller measuring range than one that is possible with a justifiable technical effort can lead to faulty analysis and conclusions, and
36、 therefore shall be avoided. The measuring system shall comply with the technical state of the art, the relevant specifications and technical rules, e.g. relating to calibration, and shall correspond with the aims of the measuring task. The engineering personnel performing the measurements shall hav
37、e the necessary knowledge to perform the measurements appropriately and plan and perform the measuring task carefully. All significant circumstances and technical parameters of the measurement are to be recorded in a measuring report (see 4.4). Deviations from this measuring report shall be justifie
38、d. NOTE 2 Occasionally, after measurements have been performed, it is necessary to retrace the conditions that occurred during the data acquisition. Only a complete description of the measuring process, as required by the measuring report, enables the inspection and interpretation of the measurement
39、. Otherwise, the measured data can become invalid. Also, apparently unimportant information, (e.g. a detailed description of the vehicle type) used for the measurement can be of great importance for later interpretation of the measured data values. 4.3 Preparation of the measurement During the plann
40、ing stage of the measurement, various aspects shall be considered, in particular the: intended utilisation of the data; selection of the sensors and their number; frequency and amplitude range of the measuring chain; number of measuring points, their spatial distribution and their axes of measuremen
41、t; definition of the extent of this measurement, including the selection of the transportation routes and the required test time; consideration and estimation of possible error sources. NOTE In order to reduce expensive and time-consuming test drives to a minimum, careful planning of the measurement
42、s is necessary. Here one especially has to take into account the ratio between cost and profit, and to compare the total costs of a measuring program with the possible costs that an insufficient data acquisition can cause. Data validation and editing, as well as analysis of the measured data, shall
43、be performed according to EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4, and the presentation of the analysed data shall comply with ISO 8002. 4.4 Measurement The measuring report for each transportation category is defined in a corresponding annex, as follows: Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South
44、Bank University, Fri Feb 15 06:55:20 GMT+00:00 2008, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 15433-2:2007 (E) 7 road transportation (Annex A); in-plant transportation; measurements on the transportation means (Annex B); storage, handling and in-plant transportation; measurements in/on the packed item (Annex C
45、); rail transportation (Annex D); sea transportation (Annex E); combined transportation (Annex F). 4.5 Measuring report 4.5.1 General The measuring report shall be set up in the form of a questionnaire in order to achieve uninterrupted, uniform and comparable data. The required statements are explai
46、ned in 4.5.2 to 4.5.7. 4.5.2 Scope of measuring report The measuring report shall describe the means of transportation for which the data is being required (see e.g. A.1). 4.5.3 General information The name and address of the institution performing the measurements shall be mentioned, as well as the
47、 name of the responsible test manager and any further persons attending the measurements. A summary of the test route, as well as the possible duration of the measurement, shall also be given (see e.g. A.2). NOTE The designation of persons present during the test can be helpful for subsequent proced
48、ures. 4.5.4 Data transportation means The data transportation means section shall contain a technical description of the transportation means and its actual condition. These data contain information concerning the goods being transported, load factor, location of load gravity centre and method of re
49、straint (see e.g. A.3). NOTE Experience shows that analyses can become useless due to missing information on transportation means. This can lead to a repetition of the test drive, thereby causing considerable additional costs. 4.5.5 Measuring points and measuring chain A detailed description of the location of the measuring points on the transportation means shall be given, as well as the measuring chain used (see e.g. A.4). NOTE When acquiring da