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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13906-3:2001 Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar Calculation and design Part 3: Torsion springs The European Standard EN 13906-3:2001 has the status of a British Standard ICS 21.160 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BS
2、EN 13906-3:2001 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 16 May 2002 BSI 16 May 2002 ISBN 0 580 37417 3 National foreword This British S
3、tandard is the official English language version of EN 13906-3:2001. It partially supersedes BS 1726-3:1988. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/15, Mechanical springs, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee
4、 can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using
5、the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity fr
6、om legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary o
7、f pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 20, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments EURO
8、PEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13906-3 December 2001 ICS 21.160 English version Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 3: Torsion springs Ressorts hlicodaux cylindriques fabriqus partir de fils ronds et de barres - Calcul et concept
9、ion - Partie 3: Ressorts de torsion Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drhten und Stben - Berechnung und Konstruktion - Teil 3: Drehfedern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 January 2001. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
10、conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in thr
11、ee official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aust
12、ria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management
13、Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13906-3:2001 E Contents Foreword3 1Scope 4 2Normative references4 3Terms and definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 4 3.1Ter
14、ms and definitions4 3.2Symbols, units and abbreviated terms5 4Theoretical torsion spring diagram .7 5Design Principles.10 5.1General10 5.2Design of the ends.10 5.3Design of the spring body.11 6Types of loading 11 6.1Static and quasi-static loading.11 6.2Dynamic loading11 7Stress correction factor q
15、.12 8Material property values for the calculations of springs.13 9Design formulate14 9.1Design assumptions14 9.2Formulae.14 10Permissible bending stress18 10.1Permissible bending stress under static or quasi-static loading.18 10.2Permissible stress range under dynamic loading19 EN 139063:2001 2 Fore
16、word This European Standard has been prepared by CMC. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2002, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2002. A
17、ccording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Port
18、ugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. This European Standard has been prepared by the initiative of the Association of the European Spring Federation ESF and is based on the German Standard DIN 2088 - “Helical springs made of round wire and rod; cold coiled torsional springs (leg
19、springs); calculation and design” edition 1992-11, which is known and used in many European countries. EN 139063:2001 3 1 Scope This standard specifies the calculation and design of cold coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant
20、 diameter with values according to Table 1. Table 1 CharacteristicCold coiled torsion spring Wire or bar diameterd ? 17 mm Coil diameterD ? 340 mm Length of active coilsLK0 ? 630 mm Number of active coilsn ? 2 Spring index4 ? w ? 20 NOTEQuality Standards for cold coiled torsion springs will be devel
21、oped later. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments
22、to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 10270-1:2001, Steel wire for mechanical springs Part 1: Pate
23、nted cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire. EN 10270-2:2001, Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire. EN 10270-3:2001, Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 3: Stainless spring steel wire. EN 12166, Copper and copper alloys - Wire for general purpo
24、ses. EN ISO 2162-1:1996, Technical product documentation - Springs - Part 1: Simplified representation (ISO 2162-1:1993). EN ISO 2162-3:1996, Technical product documentation - Springs - Part 3: Vocabulary (ISO 2162-3:1993). 3 Terms and definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and
25、definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 spring mechanical device designed to store energy when deflected and to return the equivalent amount of energy when released 2.1 from EN ISO 2162-3:1996 EN 139063:2001 4 3.1.2 torsion spring spri
26、ng that offers resistance to a twisting moment around the longitudinal axis of the spring 2.15 from EN ISO 2162-3:1996 3.1.3 helical torsion spring torsion spring that normally made from wire of circular cross-section wound around an axis with ends suitable for transmitting a twisting moment 2.11 fr
27、om EN ISO 2162-3:1996 NOTEIn the following text of this Standard the term spring is used with the meaning of helical torsion spring. 3.2 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms Table 2 contains the symbols, units and abbreviated terms used in this standard. Table 2 SymbolsUnitsTerms D Ammcoil diameter
28、tolerance of the unloaded spring ammgap between active coils of the unloaded spring 2 ie DD D ? ? mmmean diameter of coil d Dmmmandrel diameter e Dmmoutside diameter of the spring e Dmmoutside coil diameter of the spring when deflected through and angle ? in the direction of the coiling h Dmmhousing
29、 diameter i Dmminside diameter of the spring i Dmminside coil diameter of the spring when deflected through and angle ? in the direction of the coiling p Dmmtest mandrel diameter dmmnominal diameter of wire (or bar) max dmmupper deviation of d R dmmdiameter of loading pins EN/mmmodulus of elasticity
30、 (or Youngs modulus) FNspring force . , 21 FFNspring forces for the torsional angles . , 21 ?and related lever arms . , 21 RRat ambient temperature of 20C n FNspring force for the maximum permissible angle n ? and the lever arms n R K Lmmbody length of the unloaded spring for close-coiled springs (e
31、xcluding ends) KO Lmmbody length of the unloaded spring for open-coiled springs (excluding ends) K Lmmbody length of close-coiled spring deflected through an angle ? (excluding ends) lmmdeveloped length of active coils (excluding ends) EN 139063:2001 5 Table 2 (continued) SymbolsUnitsTerms , 21 llmm
32、length of ends MN mmspring torque . , 21 MMN mmspring torque for the angles . , 21 ?and related lever arms . , 21 RRat ambient temperature of 20C n MN mm spring torque for the maximum permissible angle, ?n max MN mmmaximum spring torque, which occurs occasionally in practice, in test or during assem
33、bly of the spring N-number of cycles up to rupture n-number of active coils q-stress correction factor (depending on D/d) , , 21 RRRmmeffective lever arms of spring M RN/mmminimum value of the tensile strength MR RNmm/Degangular spring rate (increase of spring torque per unit angular deflection) n .
34、 , ,rrrr 21 mminner bending radii wmmsectional moment WN mmspring work d D w? -spring index z-decimal values of the number of active coils n ?torsional angle . , 21 ?Deg torsional angle corresponding to spring torque M1, M2 . to the spring forces F1, F2 . n ?Degmaximum permissible torsional angle ?
35、Degcorrected torsional angle ? in the case of a long, unclamped tangential end ? ? ? Degangle de torsion ? corrig pour une branche longue, tangente, non serre h ?Degangular deflection of spring (stroke) between two positions max ?Degmaximum torsional angle which occurs occasionally in practice, in t
36、est or by mounting of the spring ?Degincrease of torsional angle ? due to deflection of a long, unclamped radial end ? Degincrease of torsional angle ? due to deflection of a long, unclamped tangential end ?Degrelative end angle of unloaded spring 0 ?Degrelative end angle of loaded spring 0 ?Degrela
37、tive end fixing angle for unloaded spring n . ,? 21 Degrelative end fixing angle, corresponding to torsional angles n . ,? 21 ?kg/dmdensity ?N/mmuncorrected bending stress (without the influence of the wire curvature being taken into account) . , 21 ?N/mm2 uncorrected bending stress for the spring t
38、orques M1, M2 n ?N/mm uncorrected bending stress for the spring torque Mn EN 139063:2001 6 Table 2 (concluded) SymbolsUnitsTerms q ?N/mmcorrected bending stress (according to the correction factor q) . , qq21 ?N/mmcorrected bending stress for the spring torques . , 21 MM qh ?N/mmcorrected bending st
39、ress for the stroke h ? qH ?N/mmcorrected bending stress range in fatigue qO ?N/mmcorrected maximum bending stress in the fatigue strength diagram qU ?N/mmcorrected minimum bending stress in the fatigue strength diagram zul ?N/mmpermissible bending stress n . ,? 21 Deg? , 21 ?Degdecimal value for pa
40、rts of coil of unloaded spring 4 Theoretical torsion spring diagram The illustration of the torsion spring corresponds to Figure 6.1 from EN ISO 2162-1:1996. The theoretical torsion spring diagrams are given in Figure 1. Figure 1 Theoretical torsion spring diagram Figures 2 to 7 shaw different types
41、 of torsion springs and/or their end; Figures 5 to 7, given recommended arrangements. EN 139063:2001 7 Figure 2 Open coiled torsion spring Figure 3 Torsion spring with tangential ends 360 21 ? ?Z ? 1 1 1 2 2 rdD dr ? ? ? i arcsin ? 2 2 2 2 2 rdD dr ? ? ? i arcsin EN 139063:2001 8 Figure 4 Torsion sp
42、ring with radial ends Figure 5 Recommended arrangement showing clamped ends Figure 6 Recommended arrangement showing a clamped end on a mandrel EN 139063:2001 9 Figure 7 Recommended arrangement when one end only is clamped showing the loaded end clamped and the free end not clamped (the reverse arra
43、ngement is less favourable) 5 Design Principles 5.1 General For the design of torsion springs, besides the housing space, the required maximum spring torque Mmax, the related torsional angle ?max and the permissible dynamic stresses (see 10.1 and 10.2) are decisive. If the torsion spring is guided o
44、n a mandrel or in a housing, care shall be taken to ensure enough clearance remains between the spring and its guide. Reference values for the mandrel diameter are: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 360 950 max Did ? n n AD,D(1) and for the housing diameter: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
45、 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 360 051 max Deh ? n n AD,D(2) Furthermore the subclauses 5.2, 5.3 and clause 6 shall be taken into account. 5.2 Design of the ends The ends can be adapted in many different ways to the requirements of a particular application. In the interest of economic manu
46、facture the simplest possible design of the spring ends should be aimed at, i.e. tangential ends. For the sake of obtaining in the design a reproducible spring characteristic and an adequate standard of accuracy it is always desirable that both ends should be clamped. Clamping is any type of fixing
47、which introduces a couple, (see also 9.1). EN 139063:2001 10 The minimum internal bending radius ?, r at the ends shall not be smaller than the wire diameter d. The lengths l1, l2.ln of straight ends or straight parts of ends, between two bends shall be at least 3d. 5.3 Design of the spring body In
48、order to avoid frictional forces the coils should not bear against one another or should exert only a small amount of pressure on one another. If a longer mounting space is to be filled by increasing a, the maximum permissible gap between active coils of the unloaded spring will be: ? 830 640240 , d
49、,w,a? max (3) Preferably a reduction of the mean diameter of coil D and an increase of the number of active coils should be considered. The coiling direction shall be specified to suit the design. Torsion springs are generally right hand coiled. If springs should be coiled in left hand direction this shall be stated clearly on the drawings or at the enquiry and order with the statement ”left hand coiled”. As far as possible, torsion springs should be loaded only in t