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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13588:2008 BS 2000-522:2008 Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of cohesion of bituminous binders with pendulum test ICS 75.140; 91.100.50; 93.080.20 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
2、EN 13588:2008 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2008 BSI and Energy Institute 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 59463 2 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13588:2008. It supersedes BS EN 13588:
3、2004 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/13, Petroleum testing and terminology. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Energy Institute, under the brand of IP, publishes and s
4、ells all Parts of BS 2000, and all BS EN petroleum test methods that would be Part of BS 2000, both in its annual publication “Standard methods for analysis and testing of petroleum and related products and British Standard 2000 Parts” and individually. Further information is available from: Energy
5、Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR. Tel: 020 7467 7100. Fax: 020 7255 1472. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal
6、 obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13588 March 2008 ICS 91.100.50; 93.080.20Supersedes EN 13588
7、:2004 English Version Bitumen and bituminous binders - Determination of cohesion of bituminous binders with pendulum test Bitumes et liants bitumineux - Dtermination de la cohsion des liants bitumineux par la mthode du mouton-pendule Bitumen und bitumenhaltige Bindemittel - Bestimmung der Kohsion vo
8、n bitumenhaltigen Bindemitteln mit der Pendelprfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 January 2008. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any
9、alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
10、 translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
11、Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NOR
12、MUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13588:2008: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy,
13、(c) BSI 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviations5 5 Principle6 6 Apparatus .7 7 Procedure .8 8 Expression of results 11 9 Precision.11 10 Test report12 Annex A (informative) Work sheet.16 Annex B (normative) Dra
14、wing details 17 Bibliography18 BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588:2008 (E) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Foreword This document (EN 13588:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 336 “Bituminous binders”, the se
15、cretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2008. Attentio
16、n is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13588:2004. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the
17、 national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
18、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588:2008 (E) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Introduction The cohesion is one of the measure
19、s of the performance of a bituminous binder. It is important to use binders which have a sufficient level of cohesion according to the level of traffic to be supported. Cohesion has originally been developed for surface dressing however it can be used for any type of binder (pure, modified or fluxed
20、) which is to be used in different types of road applications. Knowledge of cohesion enables the choice of binder type for given traffic and site conditions. This European Standard describes a method for determining the cohesion of a binder and how to draw the cohesion curve as a function of tempera
21、ture. BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588:2008 (E) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for measuring the cohesion of bituminous binders at temperatures in the range of (- 10 oC) to
22、(+ 80 C) and for expressing the relationship between cohesion and temperature. This method is applicable for pure bitumen, modified bitumen and fluxed bitumen; in the case of fluxed bitumen, the test can be performed on the binder containing fluxant or on binder from which the solvent has been remov
23、ed. For bitumen emulsions, the test is carried out on the residual binder obtained after recovery and the method used to recover the binder should be reported. WARNING The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport
24、 to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following referenced
25、documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Sampling bituminous binders EN 125
26、94, Bitumen and bituminous binders - Preparation of test samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 cohesion energy per unit area required to fully detach a cube from the support, with the previously-bonded faces of cube and supp
27、ort remaining fully covered by binder NOTE Where the cube remains attached to the support after elastic displacement, the energy value measured by the test is always less than the true cohesion value, so the test result can be used to establish that the binder has more than a specified minimum value
28、 of cohesion. 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this European Standard, the following symbols and abbreviations apply. angle indicated by the pointer after launching the pendulum and impacting a cube placed on and adhered to the support by binder angle indicated by the pointer after la
29、unching the pendulum and impacting a cube with binder, placed on but not adhered to the clean support E energy required to remove a cube placed on and adhered to the support by binder BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588:2008 (E) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11
30、:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 E energy required to remove a cube with binder, placed on but not adhered to the clean support C m maximum value of cohesion at the top of the curve T m temperature of the test giving the maximum value of cohesion m mass of pendulum g acceleration due to gravity r r
31、adius at the centre of gravity of the pendulum s breaking area C cohesion of the binder determined for a specified temperature 5 Principle A 10 mm side steel cube is fixed to a steel support by a film of binder of 1 mm thickness. The assembly is brought to the test temperature and the cube is dislod
32、ged by the impact of a swinging pendulum. The energy absorbed by rupture of the binder is calculated from the angle () of swing of the pendulum. The determination is performed over a range of at least six temperatures covering the cohesion peak of the binder (see Figure 1). BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588
33、:2008 (E) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 Key 1 Cohesion, J/cm2 2 Temperature, C Figure 1 Cohesion versus temperature 6 Apparatus 6.1 Cohesion tester, comprising of the elements specified in 6.1.1 to 6.1.4. 6.1.1 Base
34、, set in a horizontal position by means of height adjustment screws and a spirit level, and carrying: an adjustable quick-release clamping device to hold the test assembly firmly to the base; two vertical supports carrying the pendulum, attached to the base; a locking system holding the pendulum in
35、a parked position of (4,0 1,0) angle with the vertical; a removable protective cage constructed to allow the pendulum to swing without impediment whilst retaining dislodged cubes. 6.1.2 A pendulum, having the form and dimensions specified in Figure 2 capable of rotating freely on a horizontal shaft
36、held in ball bearings in the supports. The mounting for the bearings are adjustable so that the impact edge of the pendulum can be closely adjusted for freedom of swing and height with respect to the test specimen. a) Pendulum mass: (1 925 95) g; NOTE The mass of the pendulum should be noted and dec
37、lared in the report of results. b) Radius at point of impact: (500 1) mm; c) Distance from pendulum centre of gravity to the shaft: (295 2) mm. 6.1.3 A pointer on the pendulum support shaft driven forward by the pendulum but held by an adjustable friction device at the point of maximum swing until m
38、anually reset. BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588:2008 (E) Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8 A 360 dial graduated in 0,5 interval, with zero in the lower balance position of the pendulum. NOTE Some dials are graduated in grades
39、from 0 to 400 grades, with 0,5 grade intervals. 6.1.4 Cubes and cube supports, steel, to the forms and dimensions shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 5, serrated on the faces to be coated with binder. The mass of any cube is (9,0 0,5) g. The precise details for the serrations are not mandatory an
40、d alternative configurations may be used provided they do not result in adhesion failure between binder and cube or support during testing. NOTE A minimum of six test assemblies, consisting of a cube attached by a film of binder to the cube support, are suggested for each temperature, and typically
41、a minimum of three different temperatures are needed to show the relationship between cohesion and temperature. It is therefore useful to have 18 assemblies (i.e. cubes and cube supports). 6.2 Oven, capable of maintaining a set temperature of from 60 C up to a temperature equal to 85 C above the rin
42、g and ball softening point of the respective binder under test with an accuracy of 5 C 6.3 Thermostatically controlled enclosure(s), incubator air bath(s) or liquid bath(s) capable of maintaining the set temperature within 1,0 C over the range (- 10 C) to (+ 80 C). 6.4 Temperature reading device, ca
43、pable of measuring the temperature of the thermostatically controlled enclosure, readable and calibrated to 0,2 C or less. 6.5 Other apparatus including a brush, spatula and knife blade. 7 Procedure NOTE Sufficient cube and support assemblies for not less than eight different test temperatures shoul
44、d be prepared. 7.1 Preparation of cubes and supports Ensure that the cubes and supports are clean by washing in a suitable solvent and by checking afterwards. If necessary, use a small brush (6.5) to remove contamination from the serrations. Rinse with water containing ethanol, and dry the cubes and
45、 supports in an oven and examine to ensure that they are undamaged. Pre-heat cubes and supports for each temperature in the oven at (60 5) C for at least 60 min. If the cubes and supports are heated to a higher temperature (see 8.3.2 Note), record the temperature used. If the binder is fluxed, the c
46、ube and support can be heated for 30 min. If the binder has a softening point above 60 C accordingly to EN 1427 1, the cube support shall be heated to the softening point with an accuracy of 5 C. 7.2 Preparation of the binder for test 7.2.1 Ensure that the laboratory sample is homogeneous and the te
47、st sample is representative of the laboratory sample from which it is taken in accordance with EN 58. 7.2.2 Prepare the sample in accordance with EN 12594. 7.2.3 Bring the binder to a temperature at which it can be spread on the serrated faces of the pre-heated cube and support (see NOTES 1 and 2).
48、Observe any limitations set by the binder suppliers on heating times and temperatures. If no limitations are available do not heat the binder to a temperature greater than 90 C above its ring and ball softening point. Record the temperature and duration of heating. BS EN 13588:2008 EN 13588:2008 (E)
49、 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:57, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 9 It is essential that the binder is heated no more than is necessary and that the binders are treated the same each time this test is carried out. Inconsistent results will be obtained if this precaution is not followed, particularly for polymer modified binders. NOTE 1 For cut-back bitumens, this is usually possible without heati