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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 13018:2001 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Non-destructive testing Visual testing General principles The European Standard EN 13018:2001, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 19.100 ? BS EN 13018:2001 This British Standard, having
2、been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 May 2001 BSI 12 February 2004 ISBN 0 580 37215 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 1301
3、8:2001, including amendment A1:2003. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The
4、British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards
5、 Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the resp
6、onsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front co
7、ver, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments 1496312 February 2004Modification to Foreword page and deletion of Annex ZA EUROPEAN STAND
8、ARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13018 March 2001 + A1 December 2003 ICS 19.100 English version Non-destructive testing Visual testing General principles (includes amendment A1:2003) Essais non destructifs Examen visual Principes gnraux (inclut lamendement A1:2003) Zerstrungsfreie Prufng - Sic
9、htprfung Allgemeine Grundlagen (enthlt nderung A1:2003) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 January 2001, and amendment A1 was approved by CEN on 20 November 2003. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eu
10、ropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English
11、, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
12、 Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Cen
13、tre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13018:2001 + A1:2003 E Page 2 EN 13018:2001 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 Pre-t
14、est documentation 5 5 Direct visual testing 6 6 Remote visual testing 6 7 Personnel 6 8 Evaluation 7 9 Post-test documentation 7 10 Records 7 Page 3 EN 13018:2001 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non- destructive testing“, the secretariat of which
15、is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2001. This document has been prep
16、ared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, De
17、nmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This document EN 13018:2001/A1:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, t
18、he secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This Amendment to the European Standard EN 13018:2001 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the lat
19、est by June 2004. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European S
20、tandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Page 4 EN 13018:2001 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the gen
21、eral principles for visual testing both directly and remotely when it is used to determine the compliance of a product with specified requirements (e.g. surface condition of the part, alignment of mating surfaces, shape of part). This European Standard does not apply to viewing activities linked to
22、the use of any other destructive or non-destructive test method. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed he
23、reafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 473 Qua
24、lification and certification of NDT personnel - General principles EN ISO 8596 Ophthalmic optics - Visual acuity testing - Standard optotype and its presentation (ISO 8596:1994) prEN 1330-10:1999 Non-destructive testing Terminology - Part 10: Terms used in visual testing 3 Terms and definitions For
25、the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in prEN 1330-10:1999 apply together with the following. 3.1 direct visual testing visual testing where there is an uninterrupted optical path from the observers eye to the test area. This is either unaided or aided via e.g. mirro
26、r, lens, endoscope or fibre optic 3.2 remote visual testing visual testing where there is an interrupted optical path from the observers eye to the test area. Remote visual testing covers the use of photography, video systems, automated systems and robots Page 5 EN 13018:2001 4 Pre-test documentatio
27、n 4.1 An instruction shall be written which includes the minimum testing requirements in accordance with 4.4. 4.2 When required (e.g. product standard, contract) a written procedure shall be prepared in accordance with 4.4 to 4.7. Written procedures may be in a general form applicable without adapta
28、tion to a variety of unlisted products or situations, thereby reducing the overall number of written procedures required. 4.3 Copies of the written instructions and/or the procedures shall be made available to the relevant personnel. 4.4 As a minimum, the following aspects shall be considered for ap
29、plicability: a) the object to be tested, location, accessibility and geometry; b) the extent of test coverage; c) the technique and sequence of performing the test; d) the surface condition; e) the surface preparation; f) the stage of manufacture or service life when testing is carried out; g) the r
30、equirements of personnel (see clause 7); h) the acceptance criteria; i) the illumination (type, level and direction); j) the visual testing equipment to be used; k) the post-test documentation (see clause 9). 4.5 A demonstration test piece shall be used to prove the procedure. The test piece should
31、be as close as possible to the component with respect to relative reflectivity, surface texture, contrast ratio and accessibility. The procedure should be demonstrated on the least discernible location in the area to be tested. This demonstration test piece may be replaced by the component to be tes
32、ted or an approved system of reference. 4.6 Changes in equipment and in the details of the tests arrangement which do not adversely affect sensitivity levels shall not require the procedure to be reproven. 4.7 Any record of the image shall be of the same standard as defined in the procedure. Page 6
33、EN 13018:2001 5 Direct visual testing 5.1 Direct visual testing may usually be made for local visual testing when access is sufficient to place the eye within 600 mm of the surface to be tested and at an angle not less than 30 to the surface to be tested. Mirrors may be used to improve the angle of
34、vision, and aids such as a magnifying lens, endoscope and fibre optic may be used to assist testing. 5.2 Direct visual testing may also be made at greater distances than 600 mm specifically for general visual testing. A viewing distance appropriate to the test shall be used. 5.3 The specific part, c
35、omponent, vessel, or section thereof, under immediate test, shall be illuminated, if necessary, with auxiliary lighting, to attain a minimum of 160 lx for general visual testing and a minimum of 500 lx for local visual testing. 5.4 Consideration shall be given to the application of illuminance to ma
36、ximize the effectiveness of the test by: a) using the optimum direction of light with respect to the viewing point; b) avoiding glare; c) optimizing the colour temperature of the light source; d) using an illumination level compatible with the surface reflectivity. 6 Remote visual testing 6.1 When d
37、irect visual testing cannot be utilized, remote visual testing may have to be substituted. Remote visual testing uses visual aids such as endoscopes and fibre optics, coupled to cameras or other suitable instruments. 6.2 The suitability of the remote visual testing system to perform the designated t
38、ask shall be proven. 7 Personnel Personnel who carry out tests according to this standard shall be shown to: a) be familiar with relevant standards, rules, specifications, equipment and procedures/instructions; b) be familiar with the relevant manufacturing procedure used and/or with the operating c
39、onditions of the component to be tested; c) have satisfactory vision in accordance with EN 473. In addition, when performing general visual testing far vision shall be checked using the standard optotype in Page 7 EN 13018:2001 accordance with EN ISO 8596 visual acuity grade 0,63 in at least one eye
40、 corrected or uncorrected. Vision shall be checked at least every 12 months. 8 Evaluation All visual tests shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria specified (e.g. product standard, contract). 9 Post-test documentation When required (e.g. product standard, contract ) a written test rep
41、ort shall be provided detailing the following: a) date and place of test; b) method used according to clauses 5 or 6; c) acceptance criteria and/or written procedure/instruction reference; d) equipment and/or system utilized including set-up; e) reference to customers order; f) name of organization
42、carrying out test; g) description and identification of test object; h) details of test findings with respect to the acceptance criteria (e.g. size, location); i) extent of test coverage; j) name and signature of person conducting test with date; k) name and signature of person supervising test with
43、 date, if required; l) marking of component tested, when appropriate; m) results. This may be accomplished by referencing the visual testing written procedure and/or the instruction. 10 Records Records shall be maintained as required (e.g. product standard, contract). BS EN 13018:2001 BSI 389 Chiswi
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