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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1561 : 1997 The Eur
2、opean Standard EN 1561 : 1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 77.140.80 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Founding Grey cast irons BS EN 1561 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was publ
3、ished under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1997 BSI 1997 ISBN 0 580 28398 4 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateText affected National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN 1561 : 1997. It supersedes BS 1452 : 1990,
4、 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/35, Cast iron, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and
5、keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European p
6、ublications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
7、 from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Europa isches Komitee fu r Normung Central Sec
8、retariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national members. Ref. No. EN 1561 : 1997 E EUROPEAN STANDARDEN 1561 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM June 1997 ICS 77.140.80 Descriptors: Foundry engineering.
9、 cast iron, castings, lamellar cast iron, designation, mechanical properties, tensile strength, brinell hardness, tension tests, hardness tests, classifications English version Founding Grey cast irons Fonderie Fonte a graphite lamellaireGieereiwesen Gueisen mit Lamellengraphit This European Standar
10、d was approved by CEN on 1997-05-02. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such na
11、tional standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and n
12、otified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
13、d and United Kingdom. Page 2 EN 1561 : 1997 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190, Foundry technology, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
14、identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 1997, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 1997. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 requested CEN/TC 190/WG 2.10, Grey cast iron, to prepare the following standard: EN 156
15、1Founding Grey cast irons According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg
16、, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction3 1Scope3 2Normative references3 3Definitions3 3.1grey cast iron3 3.2relative hardness3 3.3relevant wall thickness3 4Designation3 5Order information4 6Manufacture4 7Requirements4 7
17、.1Mechanical properties4 7.2Tensile properties4 7.3Hardness properties4 8Sampling7 8.1General7 8.2Tensile test7 8.3Hardness test9 9Test methods9 9.1Tensile test9 9.2Brinell hardness test10 10Retests10 Annexes A(informative) Additional information on mechanical and physical properties in addition to
18、that given in tables 1 and 211 B(informative) Additional information on the relationship between hardness and tensile strength14 C(informative) Additional information on the relationship between tensile strength, hardness and wall thickness of grey iron castings15 D(informative) Bibliography17 Page
19、3 EN 1561 : 1997 BSI 1997 Introduction Grey cast iron is a casting alloy, iron and carbon based, the latter element being present mainly in the form of lamellar graphite particles. The properties of grey cast iron depend on the form and distribution of the graphite and the structure of the matrix. T
20、his European Standard deals with the classification of grey cast iron in accordance with the mechanical properties of the material, either tensile strength or hardness. Further technical data on grey cast irons are given in annexes A to C. Annex A (informative) contains additional information on mec
21、hanical and physical properties in addition to tables 1 and 2. Annex B (informative) contains additional information on the relationship between hardness and tensile strength. Annex C (informative) contains additional information on the relationship between tensile strength, hardness and section thi
22、ckness of grey iron castings. NOTE. This standard does not cover technical delivery conditions for grey iron castings. Reference should be made to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the properties of unalloyed and low-alloyed grey cast iron used for castings, which hav
23、e been manufactured in sand moulds or in moulds with comparable thermal behaviour. This standard specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron by either: a) the tensile strength of separately cast samples, or if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of th
24、e order, of cast-on samples or samples cut from a casting (see table 1); or b) if agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order, the hardness of the material measured on castings (see table 2) or on a cast-on knob. This European Standard does not apply to grey c
25、ast iron used for pipes and fittings according to prEN 877-1. This European Standard specifies six grey cast irons according to the tensile strength (see table 1) and six grey cast irons according to the Brinell hardness (see table 2). 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by da
26、ted or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard
27、 only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 1559-1Founding Technical conditions of delivery Part 1: General EN 1559-3Founding Technical conditions of delivery Part 3: Additional requirements for iron cas
28、tings EN 10002-1Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature) EN 10003-1Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method NOTE. Informative references used in the preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed
29、 in a bibliography, see annex D. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 3.1 grey cast iron Ironcarbon cast material in which the free carbon is present as graphite, mainly in lamellar form (flake graphite). NOTE. Graphite form and distribution are specified
30、 in EN ISO 945. 3.2 relative hardness Quotient of measured hardness to the hardness calculated from the measured tensile strength by means of an empirical relationship (also referred to as RH). NOTE. RH is influenced mainly by the raw materials, the melting process and the metallurgical working meth
31、od and usually varies between 0,8 and 1,2. 3.3 relevant wall thickness Wall thickness for which the mechanical properties apply. NOTE. The relevant wall thickness is twice the modulus or twice the volume/surface area ratio. 4 Designation The material shall be designated either by symbol or by number
32、 as given in either table 1 or table 2. Page 4 EN 1561 : 1997 BSI 1997 5 Order information The following information shall be supplied by the purchaser: a) the number of this European Standard (EN 1561); b) the designation of the material; c) any special requirements which have to be agreed by the t
33、ime of acceptance of the order (see EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3). 6 Manufacture The method of manufacturing of grey cast iron and its chemical composition shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer, who shall ensure that the requirements defined in this standard are met for the material grade s
34、pecified in the order. NOTE. For grey cast iron to be used in special applications, the chemical composition and heat treatment may be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order. 7 Requirements 7.1 Mechanical properties In addition t
35、o EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3 the order should specify in an unambiguous manner as to whether the tensile strength measured on separately cast samples or the Brinell hardness measured on the casting is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall characterize the materi
36、al according to tensile strength. The characterizing property shall be checked only when this has been agreed by the time of acceptance of the order. 7.2 Tensile properties 7.2.1 Test pieces machined from separately cast samples The tensile properties of the six grey cast irons defined by tensile st
37、rength when measured in accordance with 9.1 using test pieces machined from separately cast samples shall be in accordance with the requirements of table 1. 7.2.2 Test pieces machined from cast-on samples The tensile properties of test pieces machined from cast-on samples for the six grey cast irons
38、 defined by tensile strength shall be in accordance with the requirements of table 1. 7.2.3 Test pieces cut from a casting If applicable, the tensile properties of test pieces cut from a casting for the six grey cast irons defined by tensile strength shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the
39、purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order, and these tensile properties shall be in accordance with the requirements in the agreement. 7.3 Hardness properties The Brinell hardness values of the six grey cast irons defined by hardness when measured in accordance with 9.2 shall be as given in t
40、able 2. If it is not possible to use the Brinell test method in accordance with EN 10003-1 alternative test methods may be used, which shall have correlated values with Brinell hardness. If a casting is ordered on the basis of hardness, the relevant wall thickness and the position of the test shall
41、be agreed upon by the time of the acceptance of the order. The values given for wall thicknesses over 40 mm and up to and including 80 mm in table 2 against the various grades shall be mandatory hardness values for that wall thickness range. NOTE 1. This subclause establishes hardness grades for gre
42、y cast iron. NOTE 2. This classification is applicable principally where machinability or wear resistance are of importance. NOTE 3. The hardness values given for smaller thickness ranges # 40 mm are anticipated values only. NOTE 4. For a relevant wall thickness above 80 mm, grades are not classifie
43、d by hardness. Page 5 EN 1561 : 1997 BSI 1997 Table 1. Tensile strength of grey cast irons Material designationRelevant wall thickness1) Tensile strength Rm2) mandatory values Tensile strength Rm4) anticipated values in casting5) mmN/mm2N/mm2 SymbolNumberoverup to and including in separately cast sa
44、mple3) in cast-on sample (min.) (min.) EN-GJL-100EN-JL101056)40100 to 2007) EN-GJL-150EN-JL10202,56)5150 to 2507)180 510155 1020130 2040120110 408011095 8015010080 150300905) EN-GJL-200EN-JL10302,56)5200 to 3007)230 510205 1020180 2040170155 4080150130 80150140115 1503001305) EN-GJL-250EN-JL104056)1
45、0250 to 3507)250 1020225 2040210195 4080190170 80150170155 1503001605) EN-GJL-300EN-JL1050106)20300 to 4007)270 2040250240 4080220210 80150210195 1503001905) EN-GJL-350EN-JL1060106)20350 to 4507)315 2040290280 4080260250 80150230225 1503002105) 1) If a cast-on sample is to be used the relevant wall
46、thickness of the casting shall be agreed upon by the time of acceptance of the order. 2) If by the time of acceptance of the order proving of the tensile strength has been agreed, the type of the sample is also to be stated on the order (see 8.2). If there is lack of agreement the type of sample is
47、left to the discretion of the manufacturer. 3) For the purpose of acceptance the tensile strength of a given grade shall be between its nominal value n (position 5 of the material symbol) and (n+ 100) N/mm2. 4) This column gives guidance to the likely variation in tensile strength for different cast
48、ing wall thicknesses when a casting of simple shape and uniform wall thickness is cast in a given grey cast iron material. For castings of non-uniform wall thickness or castings containing cored holes, the table values are only an approximate guide to the likely tensile strength in different section
49、s, and casting design should be based on the measured tensile strength in critical parts of the casting. 5) These values are guideline values. They are not mandatory. 6) This value is included as the lower limit of the relevant wall thickness range. 7) The values relate to samples with an as-cast casting diameter of 30 mm, this corresponds to a relevant wall thickness of 15 mm. NOTE 1. 1 N/mm2is equivalent to 1 MPa. NOTE 2. For high damping capacity and thermal conductivity, EN-GJL-100 (EN-JL1010) is the most suita