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1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS EN 4408-6:2005 Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 6: Preforms The European Standard EN 4408-6:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 01.100.99; 49.020 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:0
2、8 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 4408-6:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2005 BSI 31 October 2005 ISBN 0 580 46479 2 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language ver
3、sion of EN 4408-6:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ACE/65, Non-metallic materials for aerospace purposes (excluding textiles), to Subcommittee ACE/65/-/64, Structural reinforced plastics, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand t
4、he text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcom
5、mittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the
6、“Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from leg
7、al obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication
8、 Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 4408-006 May 2005 ICS 01.100.99; 49.020 English version Aerospace series - Technical drawings - Representation of par
9、ts made of composite materials - Part 6: Preforms Srie arospatiale - Dessins techniques - Reprsentation des articles en matriaux composites - Partie 6 : Prformes Luft- und Raumfahrt - Technische Zeichnungen - Darstellung von Teilen aus Verbundwerkstoffen - Teil 6: Vorformen This European Standard wa
10、s approved by CEN on 15 July 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nati
11、onal standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and no
12、tified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
13、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any f
14、orm and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 4408-006:2005: E Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 4408-6:2005 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definit
15、ions.4 4 Representation of preforms on drawings .5 4.1 Representation of 2,5 D multilayers 5 4.2 Representation of rosettes.6 4.3 Representation of nDs7 4.4 Representation of braids7 4.5 Representation of woven and cowoven parts 9 Annex A (informative) Example of the representation of 2,5 D weaving1
16、0 Bibliography.12 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 4408-6:2005 3 Foreword This document (EN 4408-006:2005) has been prepared by the European Association of Aerospace Manufacturers - Standardization (AECMA-STAN). After enqui
17、ries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of AECMA, prior to its presentation to CEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a nation
18、al standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2005. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of pate
19、nt rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
20、 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04
21、07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 1 Scope This standard specifies the rules for the representation of preforms of composite materials as well as the information to be indicated in the technical drawings. It is applicable to aerospace structures using preforms. It shall be used to
22、gether with EN 4408-001. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. E
23、N 4408-001, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 1: General rules. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 4408-001 and the following apply. 3.1 braided tubular or plane shape obtained by
24、 a balance intertwining of continuous threads 3.2 braided into shape braided with a mandrel 3.3 cowoven (hybrid fabric) fabric made of different types of threads (e.g. carbon/aramid hybrid fabric) 3.4 cowoven into shape woven into shape and made of different types of threads 3.5 level elementary str
25、ucture of one layer in the weft or warp direction 3.6 multilayer (2,5 D) fabric the weft threads of which cross several levels of warp but not all of them 3.7 nD oriented multidirectional reinforcement (industrial copyright) 3.8 preform name given to different stage of all part of the item prior to
26、obtaining the required composite material EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 3.9 rosette circular piling of staggered layers of the direction with a recovering 3.10 woven plane surface obtained by assembling int
27、ertwined threads which forms a definite framework 3.11 woven into shape any non plain shape woven with or without the use of a shaping tool 4 Representation of preforms on drawings It would appear to be difficult to characterise preforms due to: their complexity; the different ways of obtaining them
28、. Examples of the representation of the cases encountered are given below: 4.1 Representation of 2,5 D multilayers The rules for the representation are those of lapped with, in addition, clear indications of parameters such as: the number of intertwined layers; the drawing of the repeated motif made
29、 up of the different levels; the quantity of threads warpwise and weftwise; etc. An example of the representation of 2,5 D weaving is illustrated in Annex A and an example of the representation of 2,5 D multilayers is given in Figure 1. In a reinforcement of the 2,5 D type the fibres are intertwined
30、 in a similar manner to those of a classic 2 D fabric, except that the warp threads may be intertwined with several layers made up of weft threads. This type of intertwining allows the different basic geometries of preforms to be made up. These variations depend: on the number of intertwined layers;
31、 on the repeated motif; on the number of threads placed along the diagonal. The representation on drawings shall clearly and concisely use these definition parameters to guarantee the designers requirements. EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 200
32、6, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 Cross-sections of the different sections Key 1 Thickness 2 Warp Figure 1 4.2 Representation of rosettes This representation of rosettes shall include the following parameters (see Figure 2): outside diameter: D inside diameter: d thickness: e spiral angle: any additio
33、nal requirement necessary to help understanding. NOTE An explanatory table is not necessary since the layers are identical and of the same direction. EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 Key 1 Rosette Figure 2 4.3
34、 Representation of nDs Representation shall be carried out on the drawing (a conventional image as well as a perspective) with the number of cross sections necessary for a proper understanding of the definers requirement. 4.4 Representation of braids See Figure 3 and Figure 4. This representation sh
35、all give the indications necessary for manufacturing and shall use the representation rules for draped items with, if necessary, additions depending on the geometry of the braided item to be obtained in its final state. The braiding angle is given in the braiding table. The definer uses marking with
36、: areas which, associated with a braiding table, help identify the direction of braiding per section, if there is a need for identifying the section; an associated braiding table which identifies the area where the braiding angle undergoes changes. EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
37、un, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8 NOTE In the example, the 0 warp corresponds to the parts axis. Figure 3 Braiding into shape BRAIDING TABLE 1 111 440 40 1 106 222 3440 40 1 101 222 3440 40 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 AREA THICKNESS TYPE OF MATERIAL LAYER IDENTIFICATION
38、Key 1 Type of fabric 2 20 (S1) to 22 (S2) 3 22 (S3) to 35 (S4) 4 35 (S4) to 40 (S5) Figure 4 0 WARP EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 9 4.5 Representation of woven and cowoven parts The representation rules used
39、are those for draped items and seams with which the following symbols are associated (see Table 1 and Figures 5 and 6): Table 1 DESIGNATION SYMBOL Woven or cowoven Woven or cowoven into shape Figure 5 Dimensions in millimetres GRAFTING TABLE LAY-UP DIAGRAM 1 116 900,33 1 111 45 0,33 1 106 0 0,33 1 1
40、01 450,33 NOTE 1 2 12 A1 FABRIC LAP AREA THICKNESS GRAFT AREA L1 L2 NOTE LAYER IDENTIFICATION DIRECTION THICKNESS 0 WARP Key 1 first grafting operation 2 second grafting operation Figure 6 EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Cop
41、y, (c) BSI 10 Annex A (informative) Example of the representation of 2,5 D weaving Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 2,5 D weaving is the addition of levels N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6. These levels show the order and the course of the weft threads and the warp threads. 2 Marking threads in polyester. 3
42、 To be completed with the definition of the material (fibre, texture, etc.). 4 ? = weft thread ? = warp thread for one layer only LE Leading Edge TE Trailing Edge Figure A.1 END OF PLIES LE 515 1 1 max. 22 TE 1 max. 4 WARPWISE VIEW 13 123654 N1 13 123654 N3 13 123654 N5 13 123 65 4 N2 13 123 65 4 N4
43、 13 123 1 1 1 1 165 4 N6 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 WARP WEFT THREAD SEE END OF PLIES TE LE A15 A14 A13 A12 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 A10 A9 A4 A1 A2 A3 A5 A7 A6 A8 A11 LAYER 4 LAYER 3 LAYER 2 LAYER 1 LAYER 8 LAYER 7 LAYER 6 LAYER 5 LAYER 12 LAYER 11 LAYER 10 LAYER 9 TE LE SEE WARPW
44、ISE VIEW EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 11 Dimensions in millimetres 5 12 66 1,48 Y 6 5 11 111 1,48 Y Y 6 5 10 144 1,48 Y Y 6 5 9 173 1,48 Y Y 6 5 8 195 1,48 Y Y 6 5 7 216 1,48 Y Y 6 5 6 238 1,48 Y Y 6 5 5 257
45、 1,48 Y Y 6 5 4 278 1,48 Y Y 6 5 3 297 1,48 Y Y 6 5 2 313 1,48 Y Y 5 1 327 1,48 Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20 A21 A22 A23 AREA THICKNESS (mm) 1,48 2,96 4,44 5,92 7,4 8,88 10,36 11,84 13,32 14,8 16,28 17,76 16,28 14
46、,8 13,32 11,84 10,36 8,88 7,4 5,92 4,44 2,96 1,48 NOTE LAYER NB not warpwise Layer Thickness STAIRCASE VALUE (PITCH) 11 10 10 10 9 10 12 12 13 16 20 67 25 17 16 10 11 10 11 10 9 6 3 Key 5 A layer (C) of type Y is made up of a 48 K weft thread and a 48 K warp thread linking (C) to (C1). 6 A layer (C)
47、 of type is made up of a 48 K weft thread and a 48 K warp thread linking (C) to (C1) and a 48 K warp thread linking (C) to (C+1). Figure A.2 EN 4408-6:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sat Nov 04 07:33:08 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 12 Bibliography 1 EN 4408-002, Aerosp
48、ace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 2: Laminated parts 2 EN 4408-003, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 3: Parts including core materials 3 EN 4408-004, Aerospace series Technical drawings Representation of parts made of composite materials Part 4: Items obtained by winding 4 EN 4408-005, Aerospace se