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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61300-3-32: 2006 Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-32: Examinations and measurements Polarization mode dispersion measurement for passive optical components The European Standard EN 61300-3-32:2006 has the s
2、tatus of a British Standard ICS 33.180.20 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 61300-3-32:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2006 BSI 2
3、006 ISBN 0 580 49480 2 National foreword This British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 61300-3-32:2006. It is identical with IEC 61300-3-32:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/
4、2, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components. A list of organizations represented on GEL/86/2 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Comp
5、liance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61300-3-32 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCH
6、E NORM September 2006 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and
7、by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61300-3-32:2006 E ICS 33.180.20 English version Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-32: Examinations and measurements - Polarization mode dispersion measurement for
8、passive optical components (IEC 61300-3-32:2006) Dispositifs dinterconnexion et composants passifs fibres optiques - Mthodes fondamentales dessais et de mesures Partie 3-32: Examens et mesures - Mesure de la dispersion de mode de polarisation pour composants optiques passifs (CEI 61300-3-32:2006) Li
9、chtwellenleiter - Verbindungselemente und passive Bauteile - Grundlegende Prf- und Messverfahren Teil 3-32: Untersuchungen und Messungen - Messung der Polarisationsmodendispersion fr passive optische Bauteile (IEC 61300-3-32:2006) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-09-01. CENELEC
10、 members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on appl
11、ication to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretar
12、iat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands,
13、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Foreword The text of document 86B/2325/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61300-3-32, prepa
14、red by SC 86B, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61300-3-32 on 2006-09-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at natio
15、nal level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-06-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-09-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC
16、61300-3-32:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ 2 EN 61300-3-32:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CONTENTS 1 Scope.5 2 Normative references .5 3 Abbreviations .6 4 General descrip
17、tion 6 4.1 Mode coupling.7 4.2 Narrowband devices7 4.3 Polarization sensitivity.8 4.4 Multiple path interference 8 4.5 Fibre pigtails .8 4.6 Reference test methods 9 4.7 Polarization mode dispersion coefficient9 4.8 Analyses used in various test methods10 4.9 Calculation of polarization mode dispers
18、ion.10 4.10 Calibration.10 5 Device under test .10 6 Stokes parameter evaluation method13 6.1 Apparatus13 6.2 Procedure .16 7 Polarization phase shift measurement method21 7.1 Apparatus22 7.2 Procedure .24 8 Fixed analyser measurement method .27 8.1 Apparatus27 8.2 Procedure .31 9 Interferometric me
19、thod .35 9.1 Apparatus35 9.2 Procedure .38 10 Modulation phase shift method .43 10.1 Apparatus44 10.2 Procedure .49 11 Details to be specified 51 11.1 Wavelength range source51 11.2 Polarizer/analyser .52 11.3 Temporary joint .52 11.4 Device under test 52 Annex A (informative) Cosine Fourier transfo
20、rm analysis .53 Bibliography56 3 EN 61300-3-32:2006 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications57 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table 1 Technical ap
21、plicability of the various test methods to different DUT types. 12 Figure 1 Effect of PMD phenomenon on transmission of an information bit pulse in a device.7 Figure 2 Determination of polarization dispersion vector and principal states of polarization.11 Figure 3 Functional diagram of a generic mea
22、surement system based on Stokes parameter evaluation 1 3 Figure 4 Test set-ups for the Stokes parameter evaluation method 14 Figure 5 Sample results from the Stokes parameter evaluation method20 Figure 6 Test set-up for the polarization phase shift method 22 Figure 7 Differential group delay versus
23、wavelength for a 50/100 GHz interleaver .26 Figure 8 Block diagrams for fixed analyser method 28 Figure 9 Example of the R-function for the fixed analyser method30 Figure 10 Polarization mode dispersion by Fourier analysis .34 Figure 11 Schematic diagram for the interferometric method for passive fi
24、bre optic devices .36 Figure 12 Typical data obtained by interferometric method 39 Figure 13 Fringe patterns obtained with GINTY and I/O-SOP scrambling .42 Figure 14 Apparatus to make the DGD measurement.44 Figure 15 Apparatus to make the DGD measurement using a polarization modulation technique48 4
25、 EN 61300-3-32:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS BASIC TEST AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES Part 3-32: Examinations and measurements Polarization mode dispersion measur
26、ement for passive optical components 1 Scope This part of IEC 61300 presents a number of alternative methods for measuring the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of a passive fibre optic device under test (DUT). These methods typically measure PMD using either a frequency domain or time domain appro
27、ach. In the frequency domain, the polarization properties of the DUT are analysed. In the time domain approach, the pulse delay or broadening is observed. This procedure will cover measurements of both broadband, and narrowband dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) passive fibre optic device
28、s. Differences between measurement practices for these varied classes of passive fibre optic devices will be noted in the text. This procedure can be applied to laboratory, factory and field measurements of PMD in passive fibre optic devices. Limitation of the application of some methods will be not
29、ed in the text when necessary. This procedure can be applied to a transmissive or reflective DUT. In the latter case, the DUT connection is via a coupler or circulator, which should have a known very low PMD value. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the a
30、pplication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60793-1-48, Optical fibres Part 1-48: Measurement methods and test procedures Polarisation mode dispersion
31、IEC 61282-3, Fibre optic communication system design guides Part 3: Calculation of polarization mode dispersion IEC 61282-9, Fibre optic communication system design guides Part 9: Guidance on polarization mode dispersion measurements and theory IEC 61300-3-2, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and
32、passive components Basic test and measurement procedures Part 3-2: Examinations and measurements Polarization dependence of attenuation in a single-mode fibre optic device 5 EN 61300-3-32:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI
33、3 Abbreviations ASE: amplified spontaneous emission DGD: differential group delay DOP: degree of polarization DUT: device under test DWDM: dense wavelength division multiplexing FA: fixed analyser FAFT: fixed analyser Fourier transform FAEC: fixed analyser extrema counting FWHM: full width at half t
34、he maximum INTY: interferometry ISI: inter-symbol interference JME: Jones matrix eigenanalysis MMA: Mueller matrix analysis MPS: modulation phase shift PDL: polarization dependent loss PMD: polarization mode dispersion PDV: polarization dispersion vector PPS: polarization phase shift PS: Poincar sph
35、ere PSA: Poincar sphere analysis PSP: principal states of polarization RBW: resolution bandwidth RMS: root mean square SOP: state of polarization SPE: Stokes parameter evaluation WDM: wavelength division multiplexing 4 General description PMD refers to the spreading of an optical pulse due to polari
36、zation-related anomalies. In optical communication systems, the spreading of a pulse leads to bit errors at the receiver due to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and consequently provides bandwidth limitation. Each optical pulse is made up of a combination of two orthogonal SOPs called the principal S
37、OPs (PSPs), due to birefringence possibly present in the DUT (see Figure 1). These different polarization components travel at different group velocities and will arrive at the output of the DUT at different times. PMD is related to the difference between the two PSP delays, the DGD . 6 EN 61300-3-3
38、2:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI t z, t Fast axis Slow axis IEC 1546/06 Figure 1 Effect of PMD phenomenon on transmission of an information bit pulse in a device 4.1 Mode coupling PMD in passive fibre optic devices is u
39、sually deterministic by nature meaning that the phenomenon is predictable and can be reproduced and controlled. However, it is important to understand how the polarization modes can couple together in the device, and in fact they can couple differently. In optical passive fibre optic devices, the mo
40、de coupling is typically referred to as negligible or no or negligible (including the cases of polarization maintaining fibres and short lengths of ordinary fibre) as opposed to random or strong mode coupling such as frequently seen in the case of long lengths of fibre. In no or negligible mode coup
41、ling, the axis of birefringence in the device is fixed and constant in only one section of birefringence and consequently the DGD is constant as a function of wavelength. In that case the PMD is equal to the DGD. There can however be types of passive fibre optic devices exhibiting many sections of f
42、ixed birefringence with their axes not necessarily aligned with each other making the DGD randomly varying as a function of wavelength. In that case, the mode coupling is random. Even if the DGD varies, as a function of wavelength and the mode coupling is random, this variation will be constant from
43、 one measurement to another and it can still be predicted and the phenomenon is still deterministic. In that case, the PMD is the average value of the DGD spectral distribution (the root mean squared RMS value may also be used and is accepted). There can also be intermediate cases where the passive
44、fibre optic device has few birefringence sections and the DGD can vary less randomly such as a monotonous or sine wave variation as a function of wavelength. The PMD is still the average or RMS value of the DGD distribution and the phenomenon is still deterministic but the mode coupling is neither n
45、egligible nor random. The mode coupling describes how the SOPs are maintained as energy traverses the device. Rather, each device is shown to have a polarization transfer function whereby the SOP at the input is mapped to a different SOP at the output as a function of wavelength. This transfer funct
46、ion is commonly represented using the Jones matrix and will be explained later in the document. 4.2 Narrowband devices There are other cases of classification that are related to the PMD phenomenon and need to be taken into account. This includes narrowband devices. A narrowband device can have a sm
47、all DGD distribution while experiencing a wide Fourier time spectrum 7 EN 61300-3-32:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 13 04:46:30 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI with a more complex spectrum in the time domain. Care will also have to be taken when making analysis o
48、f DGD in the time domain versus the spectral domain. 4.3 Polarization sensitivity Another complicating factor is related to the presence of PDL in the DUT. Figure 1 illustrates such a case where at the output of the DUT the bits are not only broadened (in absence of PDL) but also distorted (in prese
49、nce of PDL). In the case of PDL, the two PSPs are not necessarily orthogonal anymore (not anymore 180o apart on the Poincar sphere). In this case, this test procedure will be restricted to devices with PDL equal to or less than 1 dB to allow the application of all suggested methods. This condition is typically met inside the passband of typical passive fibre optic devices used