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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO ? 14064-2:2006 Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements ICS 13.020.40 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38
2、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14064-2:2006 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee? on 10 March 2006 BSI 10 March 2006 ISBN 0 580 47956 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 14064-2:2006 an
3、d implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee SES/1, Environmental management, to Subcommittee SES/1/-/5, Greenhouse gas management, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the respo
4、nsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep ? UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on r
5、equest to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic
6、 Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This d
7、ocument comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vii, a blank page, pages 1 to 28, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. N
8、o. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14064-2 First edition 2006-03-01 Reference number ISO 14064-2:2006(E) Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for qu
9、antification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Gaz effet de serre Partie 2: Spcifications et lignes directrices, au niveau des projets, pour la quantification, la surveillance et la dclaration des rductions dmissions ou daccroissements de suppres
10、sions des gaz effet de serre BS ISO 14064-2:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14064-2:2006 iii Contents P
11、age 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions 1 3 Principles 5 3.1 General . 5 3.2 Relevance . 5 3.3 Completeness 5 3.4 Consistency . 5 3.5 Accuracy 5 3.6 Transparency . 5 3.7 Conservativeness 5 4 Introduction to GHG projects . 5 5 Requirements for GHG projects . 9 5.1 General requirements . 9 5.2 Describin
12、g the project 9 5.3 Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant to the project . 10 5.4 Determining the baseline scenario 10 5.5 Identifying GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for the baseline scenario 10 5.6 Selecting relevant GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs for monitoring or estimating
13、 GHG emissions and removals . 11 5.7 Quantifying GHG emissions and/or removals 11 5.8 Quantifying GHG emission reductions and removal enhancements . 11 5.9 Managing data quality . 12 5.10 Monitoring the GHG project . 12 5.11 Documenting the GHG project . 12 5.12 Validation and/or verification of the
14、 GHG project 12 5.13 Reporting the GHG project . 13 Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this part of ISO 14064 14 Annex B (informative) Greenhouse gas global warming potentials 27 Bibliography . 28 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
15、Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 14064-2:2006 iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
16、interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotech
17、nical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by t
18、he technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right
19、s. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14064-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 207, Environmental management. ISO 14064 consists of the following parts, under the general title Greenhouse gases : Part 1: Specification with guidance at the o
20、rganization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements Part 3: Specification with guidance for the
21、validation and verification of greenhouse gas assertions Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI v Introduction 0.1Climate change has been identified as one of the greatest challenges facing nations, governments, business and citizen
22、s over future decades. Climate change has implications for both human and natural systems and could lead to significant changes in resource use, production and economic activity. In response, international, regional, national, and local initiatives are being developed and implemented to limit greenh
23、ouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the Earths atmosphere. Such GHG initiatives rely on the quantification, monitoring, reporting and verification of GHG emissions and/or removals. ISO 14064-1 details principles and requirements for designing, developing, managing and reporting organization or company-
24、level GHG inventories. It includes requirements for determining GHG emission boundaries, quantifying an organizations GHG emissions and removals and identifying specific company actions or activities aimed at improving GHG management. It also includes requirements and guidance on inventory quality m
25、anagement, reporting, internal auditing and the organizations responsibilities in verification activities. This part of ISO 14064 focuses on GHG projects or project-based activities specifically designed to reduce GHG emissions or increase GHG removals. It includes principles and requirements for de
26、termining project baseline scenarios and for monitoring, quantifying and reporting project performance relative to the baseline scenario. It provides the basis for GHG projects to be validated and verified. ISO 14064-3 details principles and requirements for verifying GHG inventories and validating
27、or verifying GHG projects. ISO 14064-3 describes the process for GHG-related validation or verification and specifies components such as validation or verification planning, assessment procedures and the evaluation of organization or project GHG assertions. ISO 14064-3 can be used by organizations o
28、r independent parties to validate or verify GHG assertions. Figure 1 displays relationships among the three parts of ISO 14064. 0.2ISO 14064 is expected to benefit organizations, governments, project proponents and stakeholders worldwide by providing clarity and consistency for quantifying, monitori
29、ng, reporting and validating or verifying GHG inventories or projects. Specifically, use of ISO 14064 could enhance the environmental integrity of GHG quantification, enhance the credibility, consistency, and transparency of GHG quantification, monitoring and reporting, including GHG project emissio
30、n reductions and removal enhancements, facilitate the development and implementation of organization GHG management strategies and plans, facilitate the development and implementation of GHG projects, facilitate the ability to track performance and progress in the reduction of GHG emissions and/or i
31、ncrease in GHG removals, and facilitate the crediting and trade of GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements. Users of ISO 14064 could find benefit from some of the following applications: a)corporate risk management: for example, the identification and management of risks and opportunities; b
32、)voluntary initiatives: for example, participation in voluntary GHG registry or reporting initiatives; c)GHG markets: for example, the buying and selling of GHG allowances or credits; d)regulatory/government reporting: for example, credit for early action, negotiated agreements or national reporting
33、 programmes. BS ISO 14064-2:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI vi 0.3A standardized approach for quantification, monitoring and reporting is required for GHG projects and any resulting GHG emission reductions and/or removal
34、 enhancements, in order that they are comparable among intended users and GHG programmes. Accordingly, this part of ISO 14064 specifies a general, GHG programme-neutral framework and uses terms and concepts designed to be compatible with other requirements and guidance from relevant GHG policies and
35、 programmes, good practice, legislation and standards. Reference 13 provides an example of good practice guidance. This part of ISO 14064 deals with the concept of additionality by requiring that the GHG project has resulted in GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements in addition to what woul
36、d have happened in the absence of that project. It does not use the term “additionality”, prescribe baseline procedures or specify additionality criteria. This part of ISO 14064 requires the project proponent to identify and select GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs relevant for the GHG project and f
37、or the baseline scenario. In order to be compatible with the broadest range of GHG programmes, it does not use the term “boundaries” to describe which GHG sources, sinks and/or reservoirs are considered for quantification, monitoring and reporting, but instead uses the concept Figure 1 Relationship
38、between the parts of ISO 14064 BS ISO 14064-2:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI vii of relevant GHG sources, sinks and/or reservoirs. Thus the project proponent may apply additionality criteria and procedures, or define an
39、d use boundaries consistent with relevant legislation, policy, GHG programmes and good practice. Quantification and monitoring of project-level GHG emissions, removals, emission reductions and removal enhancements is challenging because actual project performance is assessed against a hypothetical b
40、aseline scenario that represents what would have happened in the absence of the GHG project. Consequently, it is difficult to verify GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks of the baseline scenario. It is therefore important to demonstrate that the baseline scenario is consistent with the principles o
41、f this part of ISO 14064, including conservativeness and accuracy, in order to increase the level of confidence that GHG emission reductions and/or removal enhancements are credible and not over-estimated. Generally, the baseline scenario is determined on the basis of an assessment of alternative sc
42、enarios. For both the project and the baseline scenario, the quantification, monitoring and reporting of GHG emissions, removals and/or stocks by GHG sources, sinks and reservoirs is based on procedures developed by the project proponent or adopted from recognized authorities. 0.4This part of ISO 14
43、064 does not specify requirements for validation/verification bodies or validators/verifiers in providing assurance against GHG assertions or claims by GHG projects. Such requirements may be specified by the authority of the applicable GHG programme or can be found in ISO 14064-3. The process to rec
44、ognize certified GHG emission reductions or removal enhancements as GHG units, credits or offsets is an extension of the GHG project cycle. The certification and crediting process, which may be under the authority of a GHG programme and may vary among GHG programmes, is also not included in the spec
45、ifications of this part of ISO 14064. Annex A contains additional information in cases where the project proponent wishes to conform to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocols Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or Joint Implementation (JI) Mechanism. 0.5Som
46、e clauses require users of this part of ISO 14064 to explain the use of certain approaches or decisions taken. Explanation will generally include documentation of the following: How approaches were used or decisions taken. Why approaches were chosen or decisions made. Some clauses require users of t
47、his part of ISO 14064 to justify the use of certain approaches or decisions taken. Justification will generally include documentation of the following: How approaches were used or decisions taken. Why approaches were chosen or decisions made. Why alternative approaches were not chosen. BS ISO 14064-
48、2:2006 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 03:25:38 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Greenhouse gases Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project lev
49、el for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements 1Scope This part of ISO 14064 specifies principles and requirements and provides guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of activities intended to cause greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions or removal enhancements. It includes requirements for planning a GHG project, identifying and selecting GHG sources, sin