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1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15663-1:2000 ICS 7
2、5.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Petroleum and natural gas industries Life cycle costing Part 1: Methodology Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This British Standard, having been prepa
3、red under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 April 2001 BSI 04-2001 ISBN 0 580 37240 5 BS ISO 15663-1:2000 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.DateComments National foreword This British
4、Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15663-1:2000 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PSE/17, Petroleum and natural gas industries, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to th
5、e responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtaine
6、d on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled International Standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI
7、Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary o
8、f pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to vi, pages 1 to 17 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 G
9、MT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 15663-1:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15663-1 First edition 2000-08-01 Petroleum and natural gas industries Life cycle costing Part 1: Methodology Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel Estimation des cots globaux de production et d
10、e traitement Partie 1: Mthodologie Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15663-1:2000(E) ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15663-1:2000(E) iii Cont
11、entsPage Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1Scope 1 2Terms, definitions and abbreviations2 2.1Terms and definitions .2 2.2Abbreviations.4 3Management of life-cycle costing4 3.1Objectives.4 3.2Roles and responsibilities 4 3.3Strategy and planning.5 4Methodology.7 4.1Step 1 Diagnosis and scoping.7 4.2Step 2
12、Data collection and SBC.11 4.3Step 3 Analysis and modelling12 4.4Step 4 Reporting and decision-making 14 5Assessment and feedback15 5.1Objective.15 5.2Requirements.15 Bibliography17 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15663-1
13、:2000(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject f
14、or which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
15、 all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Internationa
16、l Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 15663 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Internati
17、onal Standard ISO 15663-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and natural gas industries. ISO 15663 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries Life cycle costing: ?Part 1: Methodo
18、logy ?Part 2: Guidance on application of methodology and calculation methods ?Part 3: Implementation guidelines Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15663-1:2000(E) v Introduction The purpose of this part of ISO 15663 is to pr
19、ovide guidance on the use of life-cycle costing techniques within the petroleum and natural gas industry. The principal objective is to speed the adoption of a common and consistent approach to life-cycle costing within the oil industry. This will happen faster and more effectively if a common appro
20、ach is agreed internationally. Life-cycle costing is the systematic consideration of the difference between costs and revenues associated with the acquisition and ownership of alternative options required to fulfil an asset need. It is an iterative process of estimating, planning and monitoring cost
21、s and revenue differences throughout an assets life. It is used to support the decision-making process by evaluating alternative options and performing trade-off studies. While the largest benefits can be achieved in the early project stages of evaluating major configuration options, it is equally a
22、pplicable to all stages of the life cycle, and at many levels of detail. Life-cycle costing is distinct from investment appraisal in that it is not concerned with determining the financial viability of a development. It is concerned only with determining the differences between competing options and
23、 establishing which options best meet the owners business objectives. In the past, the petroleum and natural gas industry has assessed the financial viability of project options on the basis of minimum capital expenditure: operating expenditures have played little part in the decision-making process
24、. This has ignored a potentially large cost and in many cases has resulted in reduced asset value. This omission is now recognized by the industry. As the number of new large developments has declined, the emphasis has moved towards the maintenance and update of existing assets; naturally this has f
25、ocused more attention on operating expenditures. In addition, external pressures, such as a low and static oil price, have further added to the pressures to minimize costs. Life-cycle costing techniques are used by a number of companies within the industry. However, the development of such technique
26、s has been pursued independently and their application has been patchy, with little participation by the contractors and vendors contracting for equipment supply is still largely on a basis of minimum capital expenditure. All participants in the process operators, contractors and vendors can have a
27、substantial impact on the life-cycle costs of ownership, and it is not until all are involved that the benefits sought from the use of life- cycle costing will be realised. If this is to be achieved, a common, consistent, industry-wide approach is required. Where the life-cycle costing approach was
28、applied, life-cycle costing methods were developed and valuable experience was gained. However, the approaches were diverse with variable success. This diversity has caused confusion amongst contractors and vendors. It also has resulted in higher engineering and supply costs. Experience indicated th
29、at this could potentially result in low quality information being used to support management decisions, in order to maintain project schedules and avoid delay. Therefore, in a project context, a clear, well defined methodology is needed to define how, when, where and why life-cycle costing needs to
30、be applied. It has also been recognized that project and asset management staff need a clear and unambiguous definition of the overall economic objectives of a project and how to apply the same business criteria when making major engineering decisions. It is further recognized that long term managem
31、ent commitment to life-cycle costing is crucial for its successful implementation in the project execution of an asset. The principal benefits associated with the systematic application of life-cycle costing may include any or all of the following. ?Reduce ownership costs Operating costs in other in
32、dustries such as aircraft, defence and automotive have been significantly reduced in the last decade. When users begin to consider operating expenditures before making decisions, the whole supply industry takes a different approach to quality and service. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na,
33、Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 15663-1:2000(E) vi ?the alignment of engineering decisions with corporate and business objectives Sound business principles must be applied to all major engineering decisions if the business objectives of a development are to be real
34、ized. Currently, in taking these decisions, the consequences on operating expenditures and the effect on the revenue profile are often ignored. If all major engineering decisions can be aligned to business objectives then the value of an investment can be optimized. ?the definition of common objecti
35、ve criteria that can be used by operators, contractors and vendors and against which, business transactions may be managed and optimized Performance contracts which relate only to capital do not necessarily lead to improved business performance. Small increases in initial cost can, if applied in the
36、 right place, result in significant reductions in operating expendituresand/orincreasedrevenue.Standardlife-cyclecostingmethodologieswillfacilitatethe development of performance contracts based on business parameters that will lead to real increases in value and benefit for all. ?reduction of the ri
37、sk of operating expenditure surprise When new assets are being considered and there is little information on likely operating expenditures, it is important to apply methodologies which enable high operating expenditure elements to be identified at an early stage. In such cases, operating expenditure
38、s are often underestimated and therefore real business risks exist in not achieving the required rates of return. Life-cycle costing methodologies demand that support costs of major packages are quantified on a systematic basis to reduce these risks. The methodologies would enable the industry to id
39、entify, optimize and acquire the needed support in a timely and cost-effective manner. ?changing the criteria for option selection Traditionally decisions were taken on options using criteria such as best available technology or lowest price and this did not necessarily lead to maximum value for the
40、 asset. Life-cycle costing provides criteria for selection which can be directly linked to increased asset value and hence improved profitability over the asset life cycle. ?maximization of the value of current operating experience Actual operating experience is a valuable resource that can be used
41、to evaluate options for new assets and improve the performance of existing assets. This experience is only valid if it is judged against the required operating context. Equipment or configuration options that were of value when capacity utilization was high are often not of value in smaller assets,
42、or when capacity utilization profiles decline. All operators have a wide range of equipment and configuration options. Data on actual performance, collected using modern maintenance management, are of real value when options need to be compared. ?the provision of a framework within which to compare
43、options at all stages of development When comparing options for one process function it is important to consider the effect of that decision on other process functions. A planned approach within an overall framework is vital if the best combination of options is to be achieved. Previous experience s
44、hows that life-cycle costing studies were being carried out too late, often in isolation with a variable quality output. The standard identifies planning needs and resource requirements to ensure studies are carried out at the right time, to the right depth and within planned resource budgets and ta
45、rgets. ?the provision of a mechanism by which major cost drivers can be identified, targeted and reduced Life-cycle costing methodologies identify in a systematic way all major cost elements of an investment. Having identified the cost drivers, a sensitivity analysis can be carried out to establish
46、critical areas where improvement will lead to increased cost effectiveness. These critical areas become targets for research and development, technology transfer and a focus for management effort. This part of ISO 15663 is based on the principles defined in IEC 300-3-3. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sh
47、effieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:02:37 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 15663-1:2000(E) 1 Petroleum and natural gas industries Life cycle costing Part 1: Methodology 1Scope This part of ISO 15663 specifies requirements for undertaking life-cycle costing for the develo
48、pment and operation of facilities for drilling, production and pipeline transportation within the petroleum and natural gas industries. The life-cycle costing methodology described in this part of ISO 15663 can be applied when making decisions on any option which has cost implications for more than
49、one cost element or asset phase, in order to estimate the cost difference between competing options. The process is applicable to a wide range of options, particularly when decisions are being considered on the following: ?the process concept; ?equipment location, e.g template-based solutions vs. satellite-based solutions; ?project execution strategies; ?health, safety and environment; ?system concept and sizing; ?equipment type; ?equipment configuration; ?layout; ?maintenance and operation strategies; ?manning strategy; ?manning levels; ?logist