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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 62127-1:2007 Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz ICS 17.140.50 ? Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resa
2、le, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- BS EN 62127-1:2007 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 56133 7 National foreword This British St
3、andard is the UK implementation of EN 62127-1:2007. It is identical with IEC 62127-1:2007. Together with BS EN 62127-2:2007 and BS EN 62127-3:2007 it partially supersedes BS EN 61101:1994, BS EN 61102:1994, BS EN 61220:1995, BS EN 62092:2002 and BS 7041:1989 which are withdrawn. The UK participation
4、 in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/87, Ultrasonics. A list of organizations represented on EPL/87 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct appl
5、ication. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/
6、2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62127-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Ele
7、ktrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 62127-1:2007 E ICS 17.140.50 Partially supersedes EN 61101:1993, EN 61102:1993 + A1:1994, EN 61
8、220:1995 and EN 62092:2001 English version Ultrasonics - Hydrophones - Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz (IEC 62127-1:2007) Ultrasons - Hydrophones - Partie 1: Mesures et caractrisation des champs ultrasonores mdicaux jusqu 40 Mhz (CEI 62127-1:2007) U
9、ltraschall - Hydrophone - Teil 1: Messung und Charakterisierung von medizinischen Ultraschallfeldern bis zu 40 MHz (IEC 62127-1:2007) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the condit
10、ions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in thr
11、ee official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnic
12、al committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
13、the United Kingdom. Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Foreword The text of document 87/352/CDV,
14、 future edition 1 of IEC 62127-1, prepared by IEC TC 87, Ultrasonics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 62127-1 on 2007-09-01. EN 62127-1, EN 62127-2 and EN 62127-3 are being published simultaneously. Together these European Stand
15、ards cancel and replace EN 61101:1993, EN 61102:1993 + A1:1994, EN 61220:1995 and EN 62092:2001. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-06-01 latest date by whic
16、h the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-09-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62127-1:2007 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ 2 EN 62127-1:2007 Copyrig
17、ht British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1
18、.8 5.1.9 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.3 5.4 6 6.1 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.3 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 Peak-compressional acoustic pressure and peak-rarefactional 7.2.3 7.2.4 7.2.5 7.2.6 7.2.7 8 3 EN 62127-1:2007 INTRODUCTION.6 Scope and object7 Normative references .7 Terms, definitions and symbols
19、 8 List of symbols .23 Measurement requirements 25 Requirements for hydrophones and amplifiers.25 Introduction .25 General .25 Sensitivity of a hydrophone25 Directional response of a hydrophone25 Effective hydrophone radius 26 Choice of the size of a hydrophone active element 26 Bandwidth .27 Linear
20、ity 27 Hydrophone signal amplifier 28 5.1.10 Hydrophone cable length and amplifiers 28 Requirements for positioning and water baths .28 General .28 Positioning systems.29 Water bath.30 Requirements for data acquisition and analysis systems .31 Recommendations for ultrasonic equipment being character
21、ized.31 Measurement procedure.31 General.31 Preparation and alignment.32 Preparation32 Aligning an ultrasonic transducer and a hydrophone32 Measurement 32 Analysis 32 Corrections for restricted bandwidth and spatial resolution 32 Uncertainties .32 Beam characterization33 General.33 Primary pressure
22、parameters 34 General .34 acoustic pressure 35 Spatial-peak rms acoustic pressure .35 Non-linear propagation parameter .35 Intensity parameters using instantaneous acoustic pressure36 Intensity parameters using pulse-pressure-squared integral 36 Derived ultrasonic power .38 Requirements for specific
23、 ultrasonic fields39 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.
24、2 8.4 8.4.1 Lithotripters and pressure pulse sources for other therapeutic 8.4.2 8.5 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 Annex F (informative) Acoustic output parameters for multi-mode medical ultrasonic Annex I (informative) Assessment of uncertainty in the acoustic quantities obtained by Figure 1 Schematic diagram of t
25、he different planes and lines in an ultrasonic field Figure J.1 Schematic diagram of the ultrasonic transducer and hydrophone degrees Table 1 Acoustic parameters appropriate to various types of medical ultrasonic 4 EN 62127-1:2007 General.39 Diagnostic fields39 Simplified procedures and guidelines.3
26、9 Pulsed wave diagnostic equipment 40 Continuous wave diagnostic equipment .40 Therapy fields .41 Physiotherapy equipment 41 Hyperthermia.41 Surgical fields .41 purposes .41 Low frequency surgical applications 42 Fields from other medical applications.42 Compliance statement42 General.42 Maximum pro
27、bable values.42 Sampling.43 Annex A (informative) General rationale 44 Annex B (informative) Hydrophones and positioning 46 Annex C (informative) Acoustic pressure and intensity.52 Annex D (informative) Voltage to pressure conversion .54 Annex E (informative) Correction for spatial averaging.59 fiel
28、ds in the absence of scan-frame synchronization .61 Annex G (informative) Propagation medium and degassing .67 Annex H (informative) Specific ultrasonic fields68 hydrophone measurements.71 Annex J (informative) Transducer and hydrophone positioning systems.73 Annex K (informative) Beamwidth midpoint
29、 method74 Bibliography75 (see also IEC 61828) 10 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the method of determining pulse duration 34 Figure D.1 A flow diagram of the hydrophone deconvolution process.55 Figure D.2 Example of waveform deconvolution.58 of freedom 73 equipment.33 Table B.1 Typical specification d
30、ata for hydrophones, in this case given at 1 MHz.51 Table C.1 Properties of distilled or de-ionized water as a function of temperature53 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications.80 Copyright British Standards Institution P
31、rovided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- 5 EN 62127-1:2007 Table D.2 Method of conversion from a single- to a double-sided spectrum .57 Table F
32、.1 Main parameters defined in IEC standards.62 Table F.2 List of parameters that are to be used or are to be deleted.63 Table K.1 dB beamwidth levels for determining midpoints74 Table D.1 Method of conversion from a double- to a single-sided spectrum .56 Copyright British Standards Institution Provi
33、ded by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this part of IEC 62127 is to define various acoustic parameters that can
34、be used to specify and characterize ultrasonic fields propagating in liquids, and, in particular, water, using hydrophones. Measurement procedures are outlined that may be used to determine these parameters. Specific device related measurement standards, for example IEC 61689, IEC 61157, IEC 61847 o
35、r IEC 62359, can refer to this standard for appropriate acoustic parameters. The philosophy behind this standard is the specification of the acoustic field in terms of acoustic pressure parameters, acoustic pressure being the primary measurement quantity when piezoelectric hydrophones are used to ch
36、aracterize the field. Of course, if other measurement devices come into use in the future, a new standard with additional definitions and procedures will be necessary. Examples of such devices would be thermistors, thermocouples or optical hydrophones. Intensity parameters are specified in this stan
37、dard, but these are regarded as derived quantities that are meaningful only under certain assumptions related to the ultrasonic field being measured. 6 EN 62127-1:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not
38、 for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- ULTRASONICS HYDROPHONES Part 1: Measurement and characterization of medical ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 62127 specifies methods of use of calibrated hydro
39、phones for the measurement in liquids of acoustic fields generated by ultrasonic medical equipment operating in the frequency range up to 40 MHz. The objectives of this standard are: to define a group of acoustic parameters that can be measured on a physically sound basis; to define a second group o
40、f parameters that can be derived under certain assumptions from these measurements, and called derived intensity parameters; to define a measurement procedure that may be used for the determination of acoustic pressure parameters; to define the conditions under which the measurements of acoustic par
41、ameters can be made in the frequency range up to 40 MHz using calibrated hydrophones; to define procedures for correcting, for limitations caused by the use of hydrophones with finite bandwidth and finite active element size. NOTE 1 Throughout this standard, SI units are used. In the specification o
42、f certain parameters, such as beam areas and intensities, it may be convenient to use decimal multiples or submultiples. For example beam area may be specified in cm2 and intensities in W/cm2 or mW/cm2. NOTE 2 The hydrophone as defined may be of a piezoelectric or an optic type. The introduction how
43、ever implies that optical hydrophones are not covered. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (includ
44、ing any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-801:1994, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 801: Acoustics and electroacoustics IEC 60565, Underwater acoustics Hydrophones Calibration in the frequency range 0,01 Hz to 1 MHz IEC/TR 60854:1986, Methods of measuring the performance of ultrasonic
45、 pulse-echo diagnostic equipment IEC 61689, Ultrasonics Physiotherapy systems Performance requirements and methods of measurement in the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 5 MHz IEC 61828, Ultrasonics Focusing transducers Definitions and measurement methods for the transmitted fields IEC 61846, Ultrasonics
46、Pressure pulse lithotripters Characteristics of fields 7 EN 62127-1:2007 Copyright British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy Licensee=Boeing Co/5910770001 Not for Resale, 08/14/2008 21:33:37 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license fro
47、m IHS -,-,- IEC 61847, Ultrasonics Surgical systems Measurement and declaration of the basic output characteristics IEC 62127-2, Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 2: Calibration for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz IEC 62127-3, Ultrasonics Hydrophones Part 3: Properties of hydrophones for ultrasonic fields up to 40 MHz ISO 16269-6:2005, Statistical interpretation of data Part 6: Determination of statistical tolerance intervals ISO, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Geneva, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1995 NOTE The fol