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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 1431-1:2004 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 1: Static and dynamic strain testing ICS 83.060 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 1431-1:2004 This British Stand
2、ard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 1 November 2004 BSI 1 November 2004 ISBN 0 580 44703 0 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 1431-1:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS 903-A43:1990 and
3、BS 903-A44:1995 which are both withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Physical testing of rubber, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-referen
4、ces The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Onl
5、ine. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsi
6、ble international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover,
7、 the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27
8、 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 1431-1:2004(E) OSI 4002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1431-1 Fourth edition 2004-09-01 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 1: Static and dynamic strain testing Caoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplasti
9、que Rsistance au craquelage par lozone Partie 1: Essais sous allongement statique et dynamique BS ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-1341 O1:(4002E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file mya ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes.
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14、neG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mial coirypthgis.o gro We bwww.is.o gro ii ISO 4002 Allr ithgsr esedevr BS ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-1341 O1:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irth
15、gs ersedevr iii Contents Page Forewordiv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.2 4 Principle.2 5 Apparatus (see Figure 1).2 6 Test pieces.5 7 Conditioning6 8 Test conditions7 9 Static strain testing.8 10 Dynamic strain testing9 11 Expression of results10 12 Test report11 Annex A
16、 (informative) Ozone cracking Explanatory notes13 Bibliography .14 BS ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-1341 O1:(4002E) iv I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standar
17、dization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
18、 be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Stan
19、dards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Int
20、ernational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 1431-
21、1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analyses. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 1431-1:1989) and, in addition, the second edition of ISO 1431-2 (ISO 1431-2:1994), which have been combined and techni
22、cally revised. ISO 1431 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking: Part 1: Static and dynamic strain testing Part 3: Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration in laboratory test chambers B
23、S ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS-1341 O1:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 1 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozone cracking Part 1: Static and dynamic strain tes
24、ting WARNING Persons using this part of ISO 1431 should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This part of ISO 1431 does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practice
25、s and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1 Scope This part of ISO 1431 specifies procedures intended for use in estimating the resistance of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers to cracking when exposed, under static or dynamic tensile strain, to air containing a definite c
26、oncentration of ozone and at a definite temperature in circumstances that exclude the effects of direct light. Great caution is necessary in attempting to relate standard test results to service performance since the relative ozone resistance of different rubbers can vary markedly depending on the c
27、onditions, especially ozone concentration and temperature. In addition, tests are carried out on thin test pieces deformed in tension and the significance of attack for articles in service can be quite different owing to the effects of size and of the type and magnitude of the deformation. Explanato
28、ry notes on the nature of ozone cracking are given in Annex A. Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration are described in ISO 1431-3. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references
29、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties ISO 1431-3, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Resistance to ozon
30、e cracking Part 3: Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration in laboratory test chambers ISO 23529, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods BS ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27
31、07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-1341 O1:(4002E) 2 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 threshold strain highest tensile strain at which a rubber can be exposed at a given tempera
32、ture to air containing a given concentration of ozone without ozone cracks developing on it after a given exposure period NOTE It is important to distinguish threshold strain from limiting threshold strain defined in 3.2. 3.2 limiting threshold strain tensile strain below which the time required for
33、 the development of ozone cracks increases very markedly and can become virtually infinite 3.3 dynamic strain strain (normally a tensile strain) varying sinusoidally with time at some selected repetition rate or frequency NOTE The maximum strain and the repetition rate are used to describe the dynam
34、ic strain conditions. 4 Principle Test pieces are exposed, under static tensile strain, under continuous dynamic strain, or under alternate periods of dynamic and static strain, in a closed chamber at a constant temperature, to an atmosphere containing a fixed concentration of ozone. The test pieces
35、 are examined periodically for cracking. Three alternative evaluation procedures are described for selected values of ozone concentration and exposure temperature: a) The presence or absence of cracks is determined after exposure for a fixed period of time at a given static strain, dynamic strain or
36、 combination of dynamic and static strains. If required, an estimate of the degree of cracking is made. b) The time to the first appearance of cracks is determined at any given static strain, dynamic strain or combination of dynamic and static strains. c) The threshold strain is determined for any g
37、iven exposure period (valid only for static tensile-strain tests). 5 Apparatus (see Figure 1) WARNING Attention is drawn to the highly toxic nature of ozone. Efforts should be made to minimize the exposure of workers at all times. In the absence of more stringent or contrary national safety regulati
38、ons in the users country, it is recommended that 0,1 parts of ozone per million parts of air of the surrounding atmosphere by volume be regarded as an absolute maximum concentration whilst the maximum average concentration should be appreciably lower. Unless a totally enclosed system is being used,
39、an exhaust vent to remove ozone-laden air is advised. 5.1 Test chamber This shall be a closed, non-illuminated chamber, thermostatically controlled to within 2 C of the test temperature, lined with, or constructed of, a material (for example aluminium) that does not readily decompose ozone. The dime
40、nsions shall be such that the requirements of 5.5 are met. The chamber can be provided with a window through which the surface of the test pieces can be observed. A light to examine test pieces can be installed, but this shall remain switched off at all other times. BS ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy:
41、sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-1341 O1:(4002E) I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 3 Key 1 test chamber 6 circulation fan 2 to ozone concentration measurement device 7 ozonizer 3 purifying column 8 heat exchanger 4 flowmeter 9 temperature ind
42、icator 5 regulator Figure 1 Example of a test apparatus 5.2 Source of ozonized air The ozonized air shall be largely free of nitrogen oxides in order to avoid errors in the ozone concentration. One of the following items of apparatus shall therefore be used: a) ultra-violet lamp; b) silent-discharge
43、 tube. When utilizing the discharge tube, the use of oxygen, as opposed to air, is necessary in order to avoid the formation of nitrogen oxides. The ozonized oxygen or air can subsequently be diluted with air to attain the required ozone concentration. Air used for generation of ozone or for dilutio
44、n shall first be purified by passing it over activated charcoal and shall be free from any contaminants likely to affect the ozone concentration, the estimation of the ozone concentration or the cracking of the test pieces. The temperature of the source shall be kept constant to within 2 C. The ozon
45、ized air shall be fed from the source into the chamber via a heat exchanger to adjust its temperature to that required for the test and shall also be brought to the specified relative humidity (see 8.3). BS ISO 14311:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:47:58 GMT+00:00 2006
46、, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS-1341 O1:(4002E) 4 I SO 4002 All irthgs ersedevr 5.3 Means of adjusting the ozone concentration When an ultra-violet lamp is used, the ozone concentration can be controlled by adjusting either the voltage applied to the tube or the input-gas or diluent-air flow rate, o
47、r by shielding part of the tube from the UV light. When a silent-discharge tube is used, the ozone concentration can be controlled by adjusting the voltage applied to the generator, the dimensions of the electrodes, or the oxygen or diluent-air flow rate. Two-stage dilution of the ozonized air can a
48、lso be used. The adjustments shall be such that they will maintain the concentration within the tolerances given in 8.1. In addition, after each occasion that the test chamber is opened for insertion or inspection of test pieces, the ozone concentration shall return to the test concentration within
49、30 min. The concentration of the ozone entering the chamber shall at no time exceed the concentration specified for the test. NOTE Such adjustments may be manual or automatic. 5.4 Means of determining the ozone concentration A means of sampling the ozonized air from the vicinity of the test pieces in the chamber and a means of estimating the ozone content shall be provided. Reference and alternative methods of deter