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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4365:2005 Liquid flow in open channels Sediment in streams and canals Determination of concentration, particle size distribution and relative density ICS 17.120.20 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS
2、ISO 4365:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 March 2005 BSI 23 March 2005 ISBN 0 580 45657 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4365:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard. It super
3、sedes BS 3680-10D:1986 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CPI/113, Hydrometry, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The Britis
4、h Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publ
5、ication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible internatio
6、nal/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title
7、 page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 47 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 200
8、6, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 4365:2005(E) OSI 5002 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4365 Second edition 2005-02-01 Liquid flow in open channels Sediment in streams and canals Determination of concentration, particle size distribution and relative density Mesure de dbit des liquides d
9、ans les canaux dcouverts Sdiments dans les cours deau et dans les canaux Dtermination de la concentration, de la distribution granulomtrique et de la densit relative BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:5634 O5
10、002(E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods licensilop gnic,y this file mairp eb ynted iv roweb detu slahl ton ide ebtlnu deess teh typefaces whice era hml era deddebicsnede to i dnanstlalt no deeh computfrep reormign tide ehtin.g In wodlnidaot gnhis
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13、 ISO 5002 Athgir lls serevr.de selnUs towrehise specfidei, trap on fo thsi ilbupctanoi may cudorper ebtu ro dezilina ni dey fomr yb ro nam y,snae lecetrinoc ro mecinahcal, inclidung tohpcoiypodna gn micrfoilm, wittuoh repmissii non writign from eitI rehSa Ot tsserdda eh ebolw or ISOs memreb i ydobn
14、the cnuotrfo y ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC 02 av leT. 4 + 10 947 22 1 11 xaF0 947 22 14 + 9 74 E-mail coirypthgiso.o gr We bwww.is.o gro Pulbisdehi n Switlrez dna ii ISO 5002 Allr ithgsr esedevr BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov
15、 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:5634 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr iii Contents Page Forewordiv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Units of measurement 2 5 Properties of sediment. 2 5.1 General. 2 5.2 Properties of ind
16、ividual particles 2 5.3 Bulk characteristics 3 6 Sampling 3 7 Suspended sediment concentration. 3 7.1 Methods for determining the suspended sediment concentration . 3 7.2 Expression of concentration . 4 8 Particle-size analysis 5 8.1 Particle-size analysis of suspended sediment 5 8.2 Particle size a
17、nalysis of bed load and bed material 5 8.3 Expression of the particle-size distribution. 6 9 Determination of relative density 8 10 Determination of particle-size distribution characteristics 8 11 Data processing 8 Annex A (normative) Determination of the concentration of suspended sediment by the e
18、vaporation method (for coarse sediment particles) 9 Annex B (normative) Determination of the concentration of suspended sediment by the filtration method using filter paper. 11 Annex C (normative) Determination of the concentration of suspended sediment by the filtration method using gooch or other
19、crucibles. 13 Annex D (normative) Determination of the particle-size distribution of suspended sediment 15 Annex E (normative) Determination of the particle-size distribution of bed-load and bed material. 19 Annex F (normative) Determination of the relative density of sediment 43 Annex G (normative)
20、 Determination of the particle-size distribution characteristics. 44 Bibliography . 47 BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:5634 O5002(E) iv I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr Foreword ISO (the International Organiz
21、ation for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established
22、 has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. I
23、nternational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publ
24、ication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
25、rights. ISO 4365 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommittee SC 6, Sediment transport. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4365:1985), which has been technically revised. BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26
26、04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:5634 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr v Introduction In dealing with problems of sedimentation and sediment transport, knowledge of the concentration and the characteristics of the sediment, such as particle size distribution and relative
27、density, is of great importance. For this purpose, sediment samples are collected by suitable samplers and analysed in a laboratory. The results of the analysis are used in the calculation of sediment load, mean diameter and other characteristics. BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffiel
28、dun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTENRATIONAL TSANDADR IS:5634 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 1 Liquid flow in open channels Sed
29、iment in streams and canals Determination of concentration, particle size distribution and relative density 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for determining the concentration, particle-size distribution and relative density of sediment in streams and canals. NOTE The detailed me
30、thods of analysis are set out in the annexes. Annexes A, B and C deal with the determination of the suspended sediment concentration by evaporation and filtration. Annexes D and E deal with the particle-size analysis of suspended sediment and outline the procedures for the bed-load and bed material
31、sediment, respectively. Annex F deals with the determination of the relative density of sediment and Annex G with the determination of particle size distribution characteristics. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dat
32、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 772, Hydrometric determinations Vocabulary and symbols ISO 4363, Measurement of liquid flow in open channels Methods for measurement of charact
33、eristics of suspended sediment ISO 4364, Measurement of liquid flow in open channels Bed material sampling 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 772 and the following apply. 3.1 bed-load sediment in almost continuous contact with the bed, ca
34、rried forward by rolling, sliding or hopping 3.2 bed material sediment of which the stream bed in composed 3.3 bed material load that part of the total sediment transported consisting of the bed material whose rate of movement is governed by the transporting capacity of the channel 3.4 nominal diame
35、ter diameter of a sphere of the same volume as the given particle BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:5634 O5002(E) 2 I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 3.5 projected diameter diameter of the smallest circle that e
36、ncloses the projected image of a particle when viewed in the plane of maximum stability 3.6 sediment concentration ratio of the mass or volume of dry sediment in a water-sediment mixture to the total mass or volume of the suspension NOTE When reporting, it is necessary to mention whether mass concen
37、tration or volume concentration is reported. 3.7 sedimentation diameter diameter of a sphere having the same relative density and terminal settling velocity as a given particle in the same sedimentation fluid 3.8 sieve diameter width of a square opening through which the given particles will just pa
38、ss 3.9 relative density ratio of the mass of a given volume of sediment to the mass of an equal volume of water 3.10 suspended load that part of the total sediment transported which is maintained in suspension by turbulence in the flowing water for considerable periods of time without contact with t
39、he streambed NOTE The sediment moves practically with the same velocity as that of the flowing water. It is generally expressed as a mass or volume per unit of time. 4 Units of measurement The units of measurement used in this International Standard are those of the International System of Units (SI
40、). 5 Properties of sediment 5.1 General The transport of sediment depends as much upon the properties of the sediment as upon the hydraulic characteristics of the flow. The properties of sediment are defined by individual particle characteristics and bulk characteristics. 5.2 Properties of individua
41、l particles Sediment size is the most commonly used parameter to designate the properties of individual particles. While the size of sediment and its packing directly affect the roughness of the bed, the settling velocity of the particles characterizes their reaction to flow and governs the movement
42、 of the sediment. This, in turn, depends upon the relative density, shape and size of the particle. Since particles of natural sediment are of irregular shape, a single length or diameter has to be chosen to characterize the size. Four such diameters, i.e. nominal diameter, projected diameter, sedim
43、entation diameter and sieve diameter, are used for different particle sizes or purposes (for example, sieve diameter for coarse BS ISO 4365:2005 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Sun Nov 26 04:27:47 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI IS:5634 O5002(E) I SO 5002 All irthgs ersedevr 3
44、 and medium particles, sedimentation diameter for fine particles that are not usually separated by sieves). The nominal diameter has little significance in sediment transport, but is useful in the study of sedimentary deposits. 5.3 Bulk characteristics As sediments consist of large numbers of partic
45、les differing in size, shape, relative density, settling velocity, etc., it is essential to find some parameters that can represent the characteristics of the group of particles as a whole. Therefore, a sample of sediment is usually divided into class intervals according to characteristics (size, se
46、ttling velocity, etc.) and the percentage by mass of the total in each interval is determined for the particular characteristic. Frequency distribution curves can be drawn from these data and the sediment parameters (mean, standard deviation, etc.) determined. 6 Sampling Samples of suspended sedimen
47、t shall be collected as specified in ISO 4363. 7 Suspended sediment concentration 7.1 Methods for determining the suspended sediment concentration 7.1.1 General Suspended sediment concentrations may be determined by the following methods: a) evaporation method; b) filtration method; c) hydrometer me
48、thod (also used for determining particle size). NOTE Although the evaporation method 7.1.1 a) requires less time, the filtration method 7.1.1 b) has the advantage that the fractions collected can be photographed on the filters and are available for further examination. However, the filtration method
49、 is prone to greater loss of material, whereas in the evaporation method, the ratio of sample mass to tare mass is small. Therefore, no hard and fast guidelines can be provided for the choice of method, and it is necessary to judge each case on its merits. 7.1.2 Evaporation method The evaporation method is specified in Annex A. 7.1.3 Filtration method 7.1.3.1 The filtration may be carried out using either a filter paper in a conical glass funnel or a glass-f