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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 15117-1:2004 Coal flow properties Part 1: Bin flow ICS 73.040 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 15117-1:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and S
2、trategy Committee on 25 May 2004 BSI 25 May 2004 ISBN 0 580 43813 9 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 15117-1:2004 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/16, Solid mineral fuels, wh
3、ich has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitle
4、d “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance w
5、ith a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related intern
6、ational and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 24, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when
7、 the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Reference number ISO 15117-1:2004(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15117-1 First edition 2004-05-01 Coal fl
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14、 Normative references .1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Notation4 5 Sampling and sample preparation 5 5.1 Sampling5 5.2 Sample preparation.5 5.2.1 General.5 5.2.2 Sample top size.6 5.2.3 Sample division.6 5.2.4 Moisture content .6 6 Determination of yield locus6 6.1 Apparatus.6 6.2 Instantaneous yield
15、locus6 6.2.1 General.6 6.2.2 Preconsolidation of the sample.7 6.2.3 Shear consolidation8 6.2.4 Shearing of the sample.9 6.2.5 Determination of the complete family of instantaneous yield loci 10 6.3 Other yield loci 10 6.3.1 High-pressure yield locus10 6.3.2 Time yield locus 10 6.3.3 Temperature yiel
16、d locus.12 6.3.4 Vibration yield locus.12 6.4 Reporting and presentation of results12 6.4.1 General.12 6.4.2 Prorating procedure13 6.4.3 Determination of the instantaneous flow function13 6.5 Acceptance of results and precision of the determination 14 7 Determination of wall yield locus15 7.1 Princi
17、ple.15 7.2 Apparatus.15 7.3 Sample15 7.4 Procedure.15 7.5 Calculations.16 7.6 Determination of wall friction angle ().17 7.7 Precision of determination.17 8 Determination of bulk density/compressibility18 8.1 General.18 8.2 Apparatus.18 8.3 Sample18 8.4 Procedure.18 8.5 Calculations.19 8.6 Presentat
18、ion of results.19 8.7 Precision of determination.19 Annex A (informative) Bin design philosophy.23 BS ISO 151171:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a w
19、orldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
20、on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafte
21、d in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stand
22、ard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 15117-1 was prepared
23、by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 1, Coal preparation: Terminology and performance. ISO 15117 consists of the following parts, under the general title Coal flow properties: Part 1: Bin flow Part 2: Rapid assessment BS ISO 151171:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sh
24、effieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1 Coal flow properties Part 1: Bin flow 1 Scope This part of ISO 15117 sets out methods for the measurement of the flow properties of coal, primarily for the design of bins and chutes. It also provides some guidance on the
25、 presentation of these data for analysis and design. This part of ISO 15117 consists of a bulk density test and a yield locus test giving information on material flow properties. It also describes a further test, called the wall yield locus, which measures the friction between coal and bin wall mate
26、rial. Although this part of ISO 15117 is nominally for coal, the principles and apparatus may be used for coke and other semi-cohesive particulate materials where a knowledge of flow properties is required. NOTE Some discussion of the relevance of coal flow properties to bin design philosophy is pro
27、vided in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1213
28、-2:1992, Solid mineral fuels Vocabulary Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis ISO 1953:1994, Hard coal Size analysis by sieving ISO 589:1981, Hard coal Determination of total moisture ISO 13909-2: 2002, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 2: Coal Sampling from moving strea
29、ms ISO 13909-4: 2001, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 4: Coal Preparation of test samples ASTM D 6128-00, Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Bulk Solids Using the Jenike Shear Cell 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 1213-2 a
30、nd those below apply. NOTE In this part of ISO 15117, the terms pressure and stress are used synonymously because this convention is used in research and literature on this subject. Some other terms have not yet been standardized in the literature. These are listed below, together with a reference t
31、o the preferred nomenclature. 3.1 axi-symmetric flow SEE mass flow BS ISO 151171:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 3.2 bulk density the mass of a sample of particulate solid including moisture, divided by its total volum
32、e NOTE The level of consolidation stress is critical to any measurement of bulk density. 3.3 bulk material semi-cohesive particulate material such as coal and other minerals 3.4 cohesion the shear stress at yield under zero normal stress NOTE This parameter is not normally quantified. 3.5 compaction
33、 the process of permanent volume reduction of a bulk material by application of a consolidating stress 3.6 consolidation SEE compaction 3.7 core flow SEE funnel flow 3.8 critical consolidation, in a shear cell the state existing in a bulk sample within a shear cell when the cell stem travel becomes
34、independent of applied shear force NOTE Under these conditions, the bulk material is deforming without change in voidage. The material is said to be in its critical state. 3.9 critical state SEE critical consolidation 3.10 critical pipe or rathole diameter the diameter of a rathole or pipe at which
35、the rathole or pipe becomes unstable NOTE The critical rathole diameter varies with consolidation pressures. 3.11 effective angle of internal friction the angle with the horizontal axis of a line through the origin and tangent to the Mohr circle through the end point of the yield locus See Figure 4.
36、 NOTE The line through the origin is called the effective yield locus. 3.12 expanded flow flow from a bin which has two distinct cross-section regimes NOTE Funnel flow exists in the lower cylindrical section of the bin whereas mass flow exists in the conical outlet hopper or hoppers. BS ISO 151171:2
37、004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 3.13 flow function, instantaneous FF for a given bulk material, a plot of the unconfined yield strength c versus the major consolidating pressure, values being obtained from the yield loc
38、i NOTE This is a measure of the bulk strength or flowability of a bulk material, in a de-aerated state, when first loaded into a bin or consolidated in a shear cell. 3.14 flow function, time storage for a given bulk material, a measure of the increase in unconfined yield strength of material subject
39、ed to standard consolidation conditions for a defined time, typically 24 h to 48 h 3.15 funnel flow the flow that occurs during gravity storage when bulk material sloughs off the surface of the material and discharges through a vertical channel which forms within the material in the bin whenever mat
40、erial is drawn from the outlet NOTE Material adjacent to the bin walls remains stationary. 3.16 hopper half-angle the angle between one wall of the hopper and the vertical 3.17 major consolidating pressure major consolidating stress 1 the pressure given by the Mohr circle passing through the end poi
41、nt of the instantaneous yield locus and the tangent to the locus See Figure 4. 3.18 mass flow the flow that occurs when bulk material is in motion at every point in a bin whenever material is drawn from the outlet NOTE Mass flow is normally symmetric and is usually axi-symmetric in three dimensions
42、in a conical hopper, or plane in two dimensions in a wedge hopper. 3.19 natural fines the fraction of the sample screened below 4 mm or 6 mm 3.20 particulate solid an assembly of solid particles having properties independent of the number of particles present SEE bulk material (3.3). 3.21 plane flow
43、 SEE mass flow BS ISO 151171:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 3.22 shear apparatus equipment for subjecting the material under test to shear deformation under conditions of controlled normal pressure 3.23 unconfined yie
44、ld strength c the major principal stress that must be applied tangentially to an unconfined surface to cause yielding 3.24 voidage or voids ratio the volume of the voids within a quantity of bulk material, divided by total volume (voids plus solids) 3.25 yield locus, effective see effective angle of
45、 internal friction 3.26 yield locus, instantaneous the shear force versus normal force curve for plastic failure of an over-consolidated bulk material of given initial voidage; this defines conditions when material flow commences 3.27 yield locus, time the shear force versus normal force curve for p
46、lastic failure of a bulk material after being held at rest under a standard pressure for a given time 3.28 yield locus, wall the locus of shear force versus applied normal force on a sample of bulk material moving in contact with a boundary surface or wall NOTE This is the angle determined by the sh
47、ear and normal force shown in Figure 10. 4 Notation The following quantity symbols are used in this part of ISO 15117: F Unconfined yield force under instantaneous conditions h Compacted height, in bulk density test S Steady-state shear force during the “shear consolidation” phase of the shear test
48、Sf Steady shear force obtained in the wall friction test St An uncorrected value of S determined from the shear test Ss The value of S selected for a particular level of consolidation, and used for prorating (Si)t values i S Maximum value of shear force obtained during the “sample shear” phase of th
49、e shear test i t ()S An uncorrected value of S determined from the shear test i p ()S A corrected value of S obtained using Equation (1) BS ISO 151171:2004 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 06:34:36 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 V Vertical force due to total vertical load applied at the shear plane during the “shear consolidation” phase of shear test X V = Va + Vb Va Vertical force due to the weight of the shear lid, s