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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 18333:2002 Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets ICS 55.180.20 ? Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18333:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared
2、 under the direction of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 8 January 2003 BSI 8 January 2003 ISBN 0 580 41062 5 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 18
3、333:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/5, Primary and transport packaging, to Subcommittee PKW/5/34, Pallets, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee ca
4、n be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of
5、the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid e
6、nquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This
7、document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffield
8、un sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18333 First edition 2002-12-15 Reference number ISO 18333:2002(E) Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets Palettes pour la manutention et le transpor
9、t de marchandises Qualit des composants neufs en bois pour palettes plates BS ISO 18333:2002 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 18333:2002 ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006,
10、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 33812002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llAithgs reservde iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through I
11、SO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
12、closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circula
13、ted to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be h
14、eld responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 18333 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. BS ISO 18333:2002 iii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Unc
15、ontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO :33381(2002)E vi ISO 2002 Ar llithgr seresvde Introduction Efficient international transportation of products depends on both pallet strength and functionality, or fit, to the material handling systems. Existing International Standards address issues of strength and some
16、issues regarding functionality of pallets. However, major issues related to the minimum material quality and manufacturing and repair workmanship are not addressed in current International Standards. These factors may significantly impact the efficiency of international unit load material handling p
17、ractices. The purpose of this International Standard is to establish internationally recognized minimum acceptable quality levels for wooden parts commonly used for the assembly of timber pallets. These parts are stringers, stringerboards, blocks, and deckboards. The properties of these components a
18、ffect pallet performance. There are four related International Standards: ISO 15629, ISO 18333, ISO 18334, ISO 18613. BS ISO 18333:2002 iv Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ANRETNIITOTS LANDNADRAISO 33812002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llA
19、ithgs reservde 1 Pallets for materials handling Quality of new wooden components for flat pallets 1Scope This International Standard gives guidance on minimum recommended timber quality characteristics. It is applicable to stringers, stringerboards, blocks and deckboards used for flat wooden pallet
20、assembly. This International Standard does not address the safety problems, if any, associated with the use of these components. 2Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For
21、 dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
22、 undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary EN 844-3, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 3: General terms relating t
23、o sawn timber EN 844-9, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-10, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 844-12, Round and sawn timber Terminology Part 12: Additional terms and general index 3Terms
24、and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 445, EN 844-3, EN 844-9, EN 844-10 and EN 844-12 (some of which are repeated below for convenience) and the following apply. 3.1 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in the wood 3.2
25、boxed heart pith that is present and not visible in any face or edge 3.3 decay disintegration of the wood substance due to actions of wood-destroying fungi 3.4 exposed pith pith that is visible on a part or the full length of a face or on an edge BS ISO 18333:2002 1 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffi
26、eldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO :33381(2002)E 2 ISO 2002 Ar llithgr seresvde 3.5 face shake fissure showing on a face and possibly at the end 3.6 fungal decay biodeterioration caused by fungi 3.7 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith 3.8 i
27、ntergrown knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for more than three-quarters of its cross-sectional perimeter 3.9 oblique shake fissure at an angle to the arris, showing on a face and/or an edge 3.10 resin pocket lens-shaped cavity in timber containing, o
28、r that has contained, resin 3.11 ring shake fissure following the line of the growth ring 3.12 sound knot knot showing no indication of rot 3.13 split fissure that extends from one surface to another 3.14 straight shake fissure approximately parallel with the arris 3.15 unsound knot knot affected by
29、 rot 3.16 wane original rounded surface of a log, with or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber 3.17 notch area area above the notch and within of either end of the notch, to include half the notch depth See Figure 2. 50 mm BS ISO 18333:2002 2 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, M
30、on Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 33812002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llAithgs reservde 3 3.18 blue stain stain caused by fungi, where discoloration ranges from pale blue to black NOTEThis usually affects the sapwood of certain species. 3.19 dote early stage of rot, characterize
31、d by discoloured streaks or patches in the wood, where the general texture and strength properties remain more or less unchanged NOTEIt occurs prior to felling or during storage. 3.20 rot decomposition of wood by fungi or other microorganisms, resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and str
32、ength, and often a change of texture and colour 4Species The species of woods used in pallet manufacture are numerous and are not limited in this International Standard. However, the species selected significantly influences pallet performance. Therefore, when specifying wooden pallets, the permissi
33、ble timber species should be indicated. NOTEProperties of timber species can be determined from ISO 3131, ISO 3133 and ISO 3349. 5Quality characteristics Pallet components should meet or exceed the minimum quality levels of Q1 or Q2 as indicated by the characteristic limitations contained in Table 1
34、, and according to a previously specified minimum percentage of quality levels per component. 6Moisture content of components The moisture content of pallet components is not limited to any value. NOTEHowever, the moisture content of wood in pallets can affect strength and functionality. Below moist
35、ure content, there is a minimal risk of biological infestation. 7Preparation of pallet components 7.1Manufacturing tolerances 7.1.1Target dimensions Wooden components should have a target thickness and width and be uniform in dimension, and of components should meet or exceed the target dimension at
36、 the time of manufacture. The target dimension should be adequate to meet the pallet specification requirements including the tolerances. EXAMPLEIf the pallet specification for component thickness is , and the manufacturing tolerance is , then the target manufacturing thickness should be , plus an a
37、llowance for shrinkage. 20 % 50 % ? 22+2 0 ? mm1,5 mm 23,5 mm BS ISO 18333:2002 3 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO :33381(2002)E 4 ISO 2002 Ar llithgr seresvde 7.1.2Deckboards and stringerboards The recommended manufacturi
38、ng tolerances permitted on established target dimensions at a specified moisture content for deckboards and stringer boards are as follows. a)Thickness: maximum deviation. b)Width: maximum deviation. c)Length: maximum deviation. 7.1.3Stringers and blocks The recommended manufacturing tolerances perm
39、itted on established target dimensions at a specified moisture content for stringers and blocks are as follows. a)Width: maximum deviation. b)Height: maximum deviation. c)Length: maximum deviation. Table 1 Minimum acceptable component quality characteristics prior to pallet assembly Characteristicsa
40、 Quality levels Q1bQ2 Sound, intergrown, partially intergrown knotsc,d of the width of the piece of the width of the piece Loose knot or unsound knot Exposed pithdpermitted on one facepermitted on one face Boxed heartpermittedpermitted Face shakeepermittedpermitted Splits (in boards)1 split on the b
41、oard width of the board1 split on the board width of board Splits (in stringers and blocks)not permitted of the length Resin pocketpermitted on one face onlypermitted on one face only Bark pocketnot permittednot permitted Blue stainrefer tof,gpermitted refer tof,g Biological degradations except blue
42、 staing not permittednot permitted Active insect infestationgnot permittednot permitted Insect holes (non-active)h up to 5 holes of diameter to permitted up to 5 holes of diameter and permitted Wane (without bark)d permitted up to of the thickness if of the piece length allowed both sides of one fac
43、e and from each side permitted up to of the thickness if of the piece length allowed both sides of one face and from each side a EN 1310 contains procedures for measuring timber characteristics or features. b It is recommended that stringerboards be of the Q1 quality level. c Knots less than may be
44、ignored, but clusters are considered as individual knots. d For additional restrictions for stringers see 7.3. e Face shake appears in only one face of the parts and is acceptable except in the notch area (see Figure 2). f Mechanical properties are not affected by blue stain. Stain can be avoided by
45、 kiln drying or other means. g Refer to respective national phytosanitation regulations for restrictions. h Non-active insect holes less than may be ignored provided their frequency does not significantly affect the strength of the piece, but clusters should be considered as individual holes. 1/31/2
46、 ?20 mm?30 mm ?1?2 ?1/4 2 mm4 mm4 mm ?8 mm 33 % ?25 % ?10 mm 50 % ?30 % ?20 mm 10 mm 2 mm 1,5 mm 3 mm 3 mm 1,5 mm 1,5 mm 3 mm BS ISO 18333:2002 4 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 01:46:26 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 33812002:3)E( ISO 2002 r llAithgs reservde
47、5 7.1.4Changes in wood moisture content When changes in wood moisture content influence the measurement of component dimensions, it may be assumed that the dimensions will increase by for every of moisture content from up to and decrease by for every of moisture content below . The above values are
48、typical, regardless of species; see clause 6. 7.2Deckboard chamfer The deckboard chamfers, if specified, should be located on both outside faces of the bottom end boards and all interior edges of bottom boards adjoining wheel openings for pallet trucks. The chamfers should be from the stringers or b
49、locks and at an angle of . The vertical face below the chamfer should not exceed (see Figure 1). Chamfers should not extend into connections. 7.3Stringer notches 7.3.1Notches in stringers, if required, should be specified by location (distance from stringer end), depth and length (see Figure 2). The recommended notch length should conform to the openings for notches in partial four-way pallets in ISO 6780 and the depth of the notch plus the thickness