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1、 ANSI/CEA Standard Indoor TV Receiving Antenna Performance Standard ANSI/CEA-2032 May 2005 Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permi
2、tted without license from IHS -,-,- NOTICE CEA Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the pu
3、rchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of CEA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Sta
4、ndards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and o
5、ther technical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other tech
6、nical publication. This CEA Standard is considered to have International Standardization implication, but the International Electrotechnical Commission activity has not progressed to the point where a valid comparison between the CEA Standard and the IEC document can be made. This Standard does not
7、purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (Formulate
8、d under the cognizance of the CEAs R5 Antennas Committee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION 2002 Technology Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email 2.2 Informative References The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitut
9、e informative provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed
10、 here. 2.2.1 Informative Reference List ATSC Recommended Practice A/74, Receiver Performance Guidelines, June 18, 2004. CEA-909, Antenna Control Interface, June, 2002. Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bern
11、ie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-2032 4 2.2.2 Informative Reference Acquisition ATSC Standards: Advanced Television Systems Committee, 1750 K Street, NW, Suite 1200, Washington, DC USA 20006; Phone 202-872-9160; Fax
12、202-872-9161; Internet http:/www.atsc.org CEA Standards: Global Engineering Documents, World Headquarters, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO USA 80112-5776; Phone 800-854-7179; Fax 303-397-2740; Internet http:/; Email 2.3 Definitions CEA Test Channels The TV channels on which tests are to be con
13、ducted. These are defined in CEA-774-A, Section 5. 2.4 Symbols and Abbreviations dB Decibel dBd Decibels with respect to a dipole UHF Ultra High Frequency VHF Very High Frequency 2.5 Compliance Notation As used in this document “shall” and “must” denote mandatory provisions of the standard. “Should”
14、 denotes a provision that is recommended but not mandatory. “May” denotes a feature whose presence does not preclude compliance, and implementation of which is optional. “Optional” denotes items that may or may not be present in a compliant device. 3 Indoor TV Antennas - Use Only a device that can b
15、e connected to a TV sets RF input terminals for purposes of converting an electromagnetic wave propagating in free space to a RF voltage will be defined as an antenna. Couplers and distribution components that are not integrated with and permanently associated with an antenna are not covered by this
16、 standard. Indoor TV antennas are devices that enable TV reception in indoor areas where there is adequate signal level above noise and interference to enable production of a viewable picture and sound. For analog reception, one high quality signal path from a TV transmitter to the TV location is ne
17、eded, as the presence of any significant multipath directly degrades the picture quality. For digital reception, multipath components can be removed by the receiver and perfect pictures produced. But digital reception fails with a “cliff effect” where reception fails totally as the quality and or le
18、vel of signal falls outside the capability of the receiver. There are many variables that influence the effectiveness of an indoor TV antenna in any situation. These variables include the distance from the transmitting stations, position in the building, building construction, and reflections from o
19、ther nearby structures. Especially at UHF frequencies, rooms can have complex standing wave patterns due to illumination from multiple sources (windows, doors, and wall penetration), and these patterns change when people in the room or in proximity to the antenna change positions. Copyright Consumer
20、 Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-2032 5 This standard assumes that the indoor TV antenna is dedicated
21、to one TV set, and is placed on or adjacent to the TV set to which it is connected. 3.1 Indoor TV Antenna Characteristics Indoor TV antennas generally receive signals from most directions. Their gain patterns often resemble that of a dipole with additional variability that changes with frequency of
22、operation. When using indoor TV antennas for analog reception it is important to be able to rotate/adjust the antenna and/or move the antenna in each direction to optimize picture quality before an operating position is finally selected. Such user optimization may or may not be needed for digital TV
23、 reception, depending on the type of TV set, and whether or not the CEA-909 interface is in use. Indoor antennas that also conform to CEA-909 may significantly improve reception as the receiver can exercise control to select optimal effective antenna patterns on each RF channel. Indoor TV antennas a
24、re best suited for use in areas of moderate to high signal strength. They are generally not well suited for use in weak signal areas, low areas, or areas that have tall structures near the TV receiver (within about 1/2 mile). Low areas and areas near tall structures often have reflected (ghost) sign
25、als that can interfere with the intended direct signal. Amplified antennas of any type should not be used close to transmitting stations unless they meet the CEA-774-A intermodulation requirements as covered in more detail below. The strong signal levels near transmitting stations may overload the a
26、ntennas amplifier causing intermodulation interference from other TV and FM signals combining. 3.2 Antenna Requirements 3.2.1 Intermodulation All antenna gain specifications are for antennas prior to any active stage. Any antenna employing active circuitry must be expected to keep intermodulation an
27、d spurious products from all sources, including FM broadcast stations, 44 dB below any TV channel where as many as 15 full power TV stations are present at the antenna. For an active (amplified) antenna to meet this standard the antenna must meet the intermodulation/distortion test described in CEA-
28、774-A, Section 7.4 to 8.3. This test is designed to provide reasonable confidence that the expected intermodulation performance can be realized. To accomplish this, active indoor antennas may provide a means of bypassing active circuits or otherwise modifying circuit operation to meet the intermodul
29、ation and spurious requirements for operation in high field strength areas. 3.2.2 Indoor Antenna Gain Requirements To meet this standard an antenna must have antenna gain: that exceeds -12 dBd on all CEA test channels 2, 4, and 6 in the VHF low band that exceeds -6 dBd on all CEA test channels 7, 9,
30、 11, and 13 in the VHF high band that exceeds -6 dBd on all CEA test channels contained in the UHF band (channels 14-69) The test procedures in CEA-774-A shall be employed to measure the antenna performance. Manual manipulation of the antenna, or automated control of the antenna via a CEA-909 interf
31、ace is permitted prior to measurement on each required test channel. Indoor antennas shall be measured placed on a platform one meter above the ground. Indoor antennas designed to be attached to TV sets shall be measured attached to a TV set placed on the one meter platform. Copyright Consumer Elect
32、ronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA-2032 6 3.2.3 Amplifiers Requirements: An indoor antenna with a built-in amp
33、lifier must meet the intermodulation requirements in 3.2.1 above and must not have a gain of more than 14 dB unless the antenna has a means of reducing amplifier gain to 14 dB or bypassing the amplifier by user control or by action of a CEA-909 interface control signal. An antenna with a CEA-909 int
34、erface that is not connected must bypass the amplifier, limit gain to 14 dB, or provide a user operated gain control that is capable of reducing gain to 14 dB or less. 3.3 Indoor TV Antenna Marking Requirements Antenna packaging, and the antennas, shall be marked indicating the channels or band of c
35、hannels for which the antenna meets the technical requirements in this standard. Any antenna that has a built-in amplifier that cannot be separated from the antenna shall employ the word “amplified“ on the packaging and antenna. Manufacturers may add additional words equivalent to “amplified“ in oth
36、er languages. Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- CEA Document Improvement Proposal If in t
37、he review or use of this document, a potential change is made evident for safety, health or technical reasons, please fill in the appropriate information below and email, mail or fax to: Consumer Electronics Association Technology & Standards Department 2500 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22201 FAX: 703
38、 907-7693 standardsce.org Document No. Document Title: Submitters Name: Telephone No.: Submitters Company: FAX No.: e-mail: Address: Urgency of Change: Immediate: At next revision: Problem Area: a. Clause Number and/or Drawing: b. Recommended Changes: c. Reason/Rationale for Recommendation: Addition
39、al Remarks: Signature: Date: FOR CEA USE ONLY Responsible Committee: Chairman: Date comments forwarded to Committee Chairman: Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDT
40、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
41、 from IHS -,-,- Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- Copyright Consumer Electronics Association Provided by IHS under license with CEA Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Wing, Bernie Not for Resale, 03/30/2007 21:49:10 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,-