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1、 CGA H-52008 INSTALLATION STANDARDS FOR BULK HYDROGEN SUPPLY SYSTEMS FIRST EDITION COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor Chantilly, VA 20151 Phone: 703-788-2700 Fax: 703-961-1831 E-mail: PAGE ii COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. CGA H-52008 PLEASE NOTE: The information contain
2、ed in this document was obtained from sources believed to be reliable and is based on technical information and experience currently available from members of the Compressed Gas Association, Inc. and others. However, the Association or its members, jointly or severally, make no guarantee of the resu
3、lts and assume no liability or responsibility in connection with the information or suggestions herein contained. Moreover, it should not be assumed that every acceptable commodity grade, test or safety procedure or method, precaution, equipment or device is contained within, or that abnormal or unu
4、sual circumstances may not warrant or suggest further requirements or additional procedure. This document is subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. The Associa- tion invites comments and suggestions for consideration. In connection with such review, any suc
5、h comments or suggestions will be fully reviewed by the Association after giving the party, upon request, a reasonable op- portunity to be heard. Proposed changes may be submitted via the Internet at our web site, . This document should not be confused with federal, state, provincial, or municipal s
6、pecifications or regulations; insurance requirements; or national safety codes. While the Association recommends reference to or use of this document by government agencies and others, this document is purely voluntary and not binding. A listing of all publications, audiovisual programs, safety and
7、technical bulletins, and safety posters is available via the Internet at our website at . For more information contact CGA at Phone: 703-788-2700, ext. 799. E-mail: Work Item 03-092 Hydrogen Technology Committee NOTEAppendix A (Informative) and Appendix B (Informative) are for information only. FIR
8、ST EDITION: 2008 2008 The Compressed Gas Association, Inc. All rights reserved. All materials contained in this work are protected by United States and international copyright laws. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including
9、photocopying, recording, or any in- formation storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from The Compressed Gas Association, Inc. All requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be directed to The Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 4221 Walney Road, Suite 500,
10、 Chantilly VA 20151. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from this work. CGA H-52008 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. PAGE III Contents Page 1 Introduction.1 2 Scope .1 3 Definitions.2 4 Health hazards and safety considerations .2 5 Site selection2 5.1 General consid
11、erations2 5.2 Electrical considerations6 6 Developing a suitable site for a hydrogen system6 6.1 General6 6.2 Building codes.6 6.3 Bulk liquid system7 6.4 Fencing and walls7 6.5 Grounding7 6.6 Design requirements .7 6.7 Site access7 6.8 Utilities.7 7 Planning for compliance with Occupational Safety
12、and Health Administration (OSHA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations.8 7.1 Regulatory requirements.8 7.2 System safety analysis9 8 Equipment selection.9 8.1 Hydrogen embrittlement considerations9 8.2 Liquid hydrogen tank specifications 10 8.3 Receiver specifications10 8.4 Vaporizer
13、 specifications.12 8.5 Pump station specifications.13 8.6 Compressor specifications 14 8.7 Control component specifications16 8.8 Piping specification17 8.9 Vent system specification17 8.10 Dispenser specifications17 8.11 Electrical equipment specification .17 9 Equipment transportation and setting.
14、18 10 Equipment installation 18 10.1 General18 10.2 Liquid storage tank18 10.3 Gas receivers 19 10.4 Vaporizers .22 10.5 Pumps .22 10.6 Compressors.23 10.7 Control components 23 10.8 Piping.23 10.9 Vent systems.23 10.10 Dispensers.23 10.11 Electrical components .24 PAGE iv COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION
15、, INC. CGA H-52008 11 Startup24 11.1 General for liquid and gaseous hydrogen systems .24 11.2 Liquid hydrogen system 25 11.3 Gaseous hydrogen systems27 11.4 Final system checkout.28 11.5 Training28 12 Operation28 12.1 Operation and maintenance instructions.28 12.2 Dispenser operation 28 12.3 Managem
16、ent systems .28 12.4 General safety.29 12.5 Personnel 29 12.6 Shutdown, repair, and startup .29 13 System removal30 13.1 Removal of gas receivers30 13.2 Removal of a liquid tank30 14 References.31 Tables Table 1Required system exposure distances hydrogen liquid .3 Table 2Required system exposure dis
17、tances hydrogen gas5 Table 3Recommended composite cylinder life in stationary storage 12 Table 4Maximum fuel delivery per refueling event that does not require room ventilation24 Figure Figure 1Flow sheet of a typical hydrogen compressing system15 Appendices Appendix ATypical gas and liquid flow dia
18、grams (Informative) .34 Appendix BRegulatory requirements and responsibilities (Informative).37 Appendices Figures Figure A-1Cylinders.34 Figure A-2Tube trailers34 Figure A-3Gas receivers35 Figure A-4Liquid storage for low pressure gas35 Figure A-5Liquid storage for high pressure gas from compressor
19、s.36 Figure A-6Liquid storage for high pressure gas from pumps 36 Appendix Table Table B-1PSM and RMP accountabilities for hydrogen 37 CGA H-52008 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. PAGE 1 1 Introduction This standard contains minimum installation standards for bulk hydrogen supply systems. It is inte
20、nded to pro- vide recommendations for installing hydrogen supply systems. 2 Scope Two types of bulk hydrogen supply systems are covered in this document: liquid and gaseous. A bulk gas hydrogen supply system is one that contains greater than 5000 scf (141.6 m3) of hydrogen. A bulk liquid supply syst
21、em is one that contains greater than 500 gal (1890 L) of hydrogen. The requirements of this standard are limited to systems operating up to 15 000 psig (103.4 MPa).1, 2 For a liquid system, hydrogen is stored in liquid form and can be delivered in liquid or gaseous form to the end users requirement.
22、 Pumps and/or compressors may be used to increase the hydrogen pressure before it is delivered to the end user. Gas receivers may be used to store gaseous hydrogen before it is delivered to the end user. The system is still considered a bulk liquid system because the hydrogen is delivered from the h
23、y- drogen supplier to the storage system in liquid form. For a gas system, hydrogen is delivered to the supply system, stored, and is delivered to the end users re- quirement in gaseous form. See Figures A-1 through A-6 in Appendix A for typical gas and liquid system flow diagrams. This standard app
24、lies to hydrogen supply systems containing any of the following equipment. Not all hydrogen systems include all the equipment listed. More details about hydrogen applications can be found in CGA G-5, Hydrogen 2. Hydrogen supply systems include: cryogenic hydrogen storage tank, either aboveground or
25、belowground; gas storage vessels, either aboveground or belowground; heat exchangers (including vaporizers); valves including manual and automatic isolation valves, check valves, and excess flow valves (EFVs); pressure control equipment including regulators and control valves; piping (pipe and tubin
26、g); cryogenic pumps; cryogenic and warm gas compressors; snubbers and pulsation dampeners; monitoring and control systems including electrical and instrumentation; and hydrogen dispensing equipment. The bulk hydrogen supply system terminates at the source valve (commonly referred to as the point whe
27、re the gas supply first enters the supply line) or at a piece of equipment that utilizes the hydrogen gas. In most cases, the source valve is a shutoff valve (typically owned and maintained by the hydrogen supplier) at the end of the bulk hydrogen supply system. 1 kPa (MPa) shall indicate gauge pres
28、sure unless otherwise noted as (kPa, abs) for absolute pressure or (kPa, differential) for differential pressure. All kPa values are rounded off per CGA P-11, Metric Practice Guide for the Compressed Gas Indus- try 1. 2 References are shown by bracketed numbers and are listed in order of appearance
29、in the reference section. PAGE 2 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. CGA H-52008 Hydrogen dispensing equipment is not included in the definition of the bulk supply system. However, this docu- ment also provides guidance for hydrogen vehicle dispensing equipment installations. 3 Definitions The hydrogen
30、-specific terminology used in this document is generally defined when a term is first used. Addi- tional detailed definitions may be found in CGA H-4, Terminology Associated with Hydrogen Fuel Technologies 3. 4 Health hazards and safety considerations For detailed information about the properties of
31、 hydrogen, see CGA G-5 2. Hydrogen suppliers material safety data sheets (MSDS) also provide detailed information about hydrogens properties and physical and chemical hazards. The main safety concerns about hydrogen are as follows: Hydrogen: is a flammable gas with a wide flammability range (4% to 7
32、5% in air) and a low ignition energy level (0.02 mJ), so it is much easier to ignite than other flammable liquids and gases has a wide detonation range of 18% to 59% in air burns with an almost invisible flame in daylight is an odorless, asphyxiant gas and can displace oxygen is lighter than air and
33、 can accumulate in high spots; Flammable hydrogen mixtures can generate explosions particularly in the case of confinement and turbu- lence; Liquid hydrogen is a cryogenic liquid and presents the typical hazards of cryogenic liquids (frostbite, cryo- genic burns); Certain metallic materials are susc
34、eptible to hydrogen embrittlement, particularly high strength steels. Ex- pertise must be used when selecting and welding steel components for hydrogen service; Certain materials such as carbon steel are particularly susceptible to low temperature embrittlement and should not be used in liquid hydro
35、gen service; The cold temperature of liquid hydrogen piping can cause air to liquefy. The nitrogen portion of the liquid air will vaporize before the oxygen portion and leave an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, which can promote enhanced combustion; and Liquid hydrogen spills will vaporize when allowed t
36、o contact warm surfaces, so diking is not recom- mended to contain spills. Vaporized hydrogen is lighter than air and will disperse rapidly. By contrast, containment of liquid hydrogen increases hazards because it slows down the rate of vaporization and al- lows the hydrogen to stay in the liquid ph
37、ase for a longer time. 5 Site selection 5.1 General considerations The location of a liquid hydrogen storage system shall meet local codes and standards for hazardous materials. Local municipalities typically adopt one of the following sets of overall fire codes and standards: International Code Cou
38、ncil (ICC) includes the following codes: NOTEThere are other codes in the ICC family that are not listed below because they generally do not apply to hydro- gen supply system installations. CGA H-52008 COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC. PAGE 3 International Fire Code (IFC) has general requirements for
39、 industrial gases including flammable gases such as hydrogen 4 International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) has requirements for hydrogen used as a fuel gas (such as in vehicle fueling applications) 5; National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 1, Uniform Fire Code (UFC) 6 NFPA 52, Vehicular Fuel System
40、s Code, has requirements specific to hydrogen vehicular fueling sta- tions 7 NFPA 55, Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and Tanks, for more specific site requirements for hydrogen systems (as well as
41、 other compressed gases and cryogenic liquids) 8. The first activity in selecting a suitable site is to determine how to meet the required separation distances from on- and off-site exposures. Before taking measurements and selecting a site, the customer shall determine if the local codes have more
42、stringent or additional requirements. Each of these codes and standards lists minimum setback distances to exposures such as property lines, build- ings, etc. Each code and standard lists which distances can be reduced by the use of firewalls. Where the code or standard does not list an exposure fou
43、nd at a site, the hydrogen supplier and end user must determine a reasonable distance and verify with the authority having jurisdiction. The distances given in the codes and standards are recommended minimum safety distances. The values given take into account different basic needs: protection of pe
44、ople in the vicinity in case of accidental events; integrity of the surrounding technical equipment in case of the same accidental events; and easy and quick access for emergency services when needed. Table 1 and Table 2 provide minimum exposures for both liquid and gas hydrogen supply systems. Tabl
45、e 1Required system exposure distances hydrogen liquid3 Minimum distances (system capacity in gallons) Proximity of hydrogen system to the following: 0 gal to 3500 gal 3501 gal to 15 000 gal 15 001 gal to 75 000 gal 1 Noncombustible or limited-combustible walls of a building or structure that is eith
46、er sprinklered or has noncombustible contents if not sprinklered. 1), 2) 5 ft (1.5 m) 5 ft (1.5 m) 5 ft (1.5 m) 2 Noncombustible or limited-combustible walls of an unsprinklered building or structure with combustible contents where the walls have a fire resistance rating of 3 hours or more. 1), 2) 5
47、 ft (1.5 m) 5 ft (1.5 m) 5 ft (1.5 m) 3 Noncombustible or limited-combustible walls of an unsprinklered building or structure with combustible contents where the walls have a fire resistance rating of less than 3 hours. 1), 2) 25 ft (7.6 m) 50 ft (15.2 m) 75 ft (22.9 m) 4 Combustible walls of sprink
48、lered buildings or structures. 1), 2) 50 ft (15.2 m)50 ft (15.2 m) 50 ft (15.2 m) 5 Combustible walls of unsprinklered buildings or structures. 1), 2) 50 ft (15.2 m)75 ft (22.9 m) 100 ft (30.5 m) 3 This table is reprinted and adapted from NFPA 55, Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compr
49、essed Gases and Cryogenic Liquids in Portable and Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and Tanks, Copyright 2005, National Fire Protec- tion Association, Quincy, MA 02169 8. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the National Fire Protection Association on the referenced subject which is represented only by the standard in its entirety. PAGE 4 COMPRESSED GAS ASS