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1、I NTER NATIONAI- STANDARD ISO/CIE 10527 First edition 1991 -1 2- 1 5 CIE standard colorimetric observers Observateurs de rfrence colorid trique CIE COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed
2、 by Information Handling Services ISO/CIE 10527 : 1991 (E) Contents Piage Introduction Scope Normativereferences . Definitions Specifications . 4.1 Colour-matching functions . 4.2 Spectral chromaticity coordinates Derivation of the colour-matching functions for the CIE 1931 standard colorimetricobse
3、rver . 5.1 Experimental basis . 5.2 Transformation procedures . 5.3 Transformation properties 5.4 Comparison with earlier data Derivation of the colour-matching functions for the CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric observer . 6.1 Experimental basis . 6.2 Transformation procedures . 6.3 Tran
4、sformation properties 6.4 Comparison with earlier data Practical applications of colour-matching functions for CIE standard colorimetric observers 7.1 Obtaining tristimulus values . 7.3 Rod activity . 7.2 The basis for integration 7.4 The use of restricted data . 7.5 Standard of reflectance Annex A
5、Bibliography Q IS0 1991 V 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 25 All rights reserved . No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical. including photocopying and microfilm. without permission in writing from the publisher . Int
6、ernational Organization for Standardwtion Case postale 56 o CH-121 1 Genve 20 o Switzerland Printed in Switzerland II COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Servi
7、ces - CIE lD527*() 93 I I 9006345 0005336 256 W ISO/CIE 10527 : 1991 (E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 tec
8、hnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates clos
9、ely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IECI on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated as CIE from its French title) is an organization devoted to international cooperation and exchange of information among its membe
10、r countries on all matters relating to the science and art of lighting. The objectives of the CIE are a) to provide an international forum for the discussion of all matters relating to science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting and for the interchange of information between coun
11、tries in these fields; bi to develop basic standards and procedures of metrology in the fields of light and lighting; c) to provide guidance on the application of principles and procedures in the development of International Standards and national standards in the fields of light and lighting; d) to
12、 prepare and publish standards, reports and other publications concerned with all matters relating to science, technology and art in the fields of light and lighting; el to maintain liaison and technical interaction with other international organiz- ations concerned with matters relating to science,
13、 technology, standardization and art in the fields of light and lighting. Within these objectives, light and lighting embrace fundamental subjects such as vision, photometry and colorimetry, involving natural and man-made radiations in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions of the spectrum, a
14、nd also applications covering all uses of light, indoors and out, including environmental and aesthetic effects, and also means for the production and control of light and radiation. The technical activities of the CIE are covered by seven divisions, each being respon- sible for a major subject area
15、 of interest to the CIE. Technical Committees consisting of small groups of experts are established in each division to work on separate subjects. The text of this International Standard was prepared by Division 1 : Vision and Colour. The ratification of a CIE Standard requires the approval of the d
16、ivision members, the Council and national member bodies of the CIE. Standards produced by the CIE are a concise documentation of data defining aspects of light and lighting, for which international harmony requires a unique definition. CIE Standards are therefore a primary source of internationally
17、accepted and agreed data, which can be taken, essentially unaltered, into universal standard systems. . 111 COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services CIE L0
18、527*(E) 93 9006345 OOO!i337 192 ISO/CIE 10527 : 1991 (E) International Standard ISO/CIE 10527 was prepared as Standard CIE SOO2 by the Inter- national Commission on Illumination, which has been recognized by the IS0 Council as an international standardizing body. it was adopted by IS0 under a specia
19、l proce- dure which requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a voie, and is published as a joint ISO/CIE edition. International Standard ISOICIE 1052/ was prepared by Technical Committee CIE/TC 1.3, Colorimetry. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. C
20、OPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services ISO/CIE 10527 : 1991 (E) Introduction Colours with different spectral compositions can look alike. An important fun
21、ction of colorimetry is to determine whether a pair of such metameric colours will look alike. The use of visual colorimeters for this purpose is handicapped by variations in the colour matches made amongst observers classified as having normal colour vision. Visual colorimetry also tends to be time
22、-consuming. For these reasons, it has long been the practice in colorimetry to make use of sets of colour-matching functions to calculate tristimulus values for colours: equality of tristimulus values for a pair of coi- ours indicates that the colour appearances of the two colours match, when they a
23、re viewed in the same conditions by an observer for whom the colour-matching functions apply. The use of standard sets of colour-matching functions makes the comparison of tristimulus values obtained at different times and locations possible. V COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Lice
24、nsed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services CIE 10527m(E) 91 7006145 0005337 Tb5 W *%. . ? # * U * . . . I INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/CIE 10527 : 1991 (E) CIE standard colorimetric observers 1 Scope This Internati
25、onal Standard specifies colour-matching func- tions for use in colorimetry. Two sets of colour-matching func- tions are specified. a) Colour-matching functions for the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer This set of colour-matching functions is representative of the colour-matching properties of
26、 observers with normal colour vision for visual field sizes of angular subtense from about lo to about 4O, for vision at photopic levels of adap- tation. b) tary standard colorimetric observer This set of colour-matching functions is representative of the colour-matching properties of observers with
27、 normal colour vision for visual field sizes of angular subtense greater than about 4O, for vision at sufficiently high photopic levels and with spectral power distributions such that no participation of the rod receptors of the retina is to be expected. Colour-matching functions for the CIE 1 W sup
28、plemen- 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
29、 on this International Standard are encourag- ed to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Stan- dards. CIE Publication 15.2 : 1986, Colorimetry CIE Publication 17
30、.4 : 1987, International lighting vocabulary ( I EC/ CI E joint publication). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. These terms are taken from CIE Publication 17.4, where other relevant terms will be found. 3.1 colour stimulus function, pnA):
31、 Description of a colour stimulus by the spectral concentration of a radiometric quantity (such as radiance or radiant power) as a function of wavelength. 3.2 tral power distribution of the colour stimulus function. relative colour stimulus function, p(A) : Relative spec- 3.3 ferent colour stimuli t
32、hat have the same tristimulus values. metametric colour stimuli; metamers: Spectrally dif- 3.4 monochromatic stimulus: spectral stimulus: A stimulus consisting of a monochromatic radiation. 3.5 equi-energy spectrum: Spectrum of a radiation whose spectral concentration of a radiometric quantity as a
33、function of wavelength is constant throughout the visible region. 3.6 additive mixture of colour stimuli: Method of stimu- lation that combines on the retina the actions of various stimuli in such a manner that they cannot be perceived individually. 3.7 appear the same in colour as a given colour st
34、imulus. colour matching: Action of making a colour stimulus 3.8 trichromatic system: System for specifying colour stimuli in terms of tristimulus values based on matching colours by additive mixture of three suitably chosen reference colour stimuli. 3 . 9 reference colour stimuli, RI, GI, BI; XI, YI
35、, Zl; Xlol, Ylo, Z,; etc. : The set of three colour stimuli on which a trichromatic system is based. 3.10 tristimulus values, R, G, B; X , Y, 2; X1o, Ylo, 210; etc.: Amounts of three reference colour stimuli, in a given trichromatic system, required to match the colour of the stimulus considered. -
36、3.11 colour-matching functions, ;(A), g(A), b(A); ?(A). ?(A), ?(A); Zlo(Ai, FloA), l,O(A); etc. : The tristimulus values of monochromatic stimuli of equal radiant power. 1 COPYRIGHT International Commission on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services COPYRIGHT International Commission
37、on Illumination Licensed by Information Handling Services 3.12 CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system (X, Y, Z): A system for determining the tristimulus values of any spectral power distribution using the set of reference colour stimuli XI, YI, Z, and the three CIE colour-matching functions XA), JdA
38、i, .?(A) adopted by the CIE in 1931. 3.13 CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system (Xlo, Ylo, Zlo): A system for determining the tristimulus values of any spectral power distribution using the set of reference colour stimuli XI, Ylo, ZlO1, and the three CIE colour-matching functions Xlo(A
39、), Ylo(l), ?lo(A) adopted by the CIE in 1964. 3.14 CIE colour-matching functions: The functions .?(A), YA), ?(A) in the CIE 1 9 3 1 standard colorimetric system and X x, y, z; xl0, ylo, zlo; etc.: Ratio of each of a set of three tristimulus values to their sum. 3.18 spectral chromaticity coordinates
40、, r(A1, g(A). b(A); XU), y(A), ZU); xlo(Al, ylol), z10(A); etc. : Chromaticity coor- dinates of monochromatic stimuli. 3.19 spectral luminous efficiency, VU): Ratio of the radiant flux at wavelength A, to that at wavelength A, such that both radiations produce an equal visual response under specifie
41、d photometric conditions and A, is chosen so that the maximum value of this ratio is equal to 1. 3.20 with a reflectance equal to unity. perfect reflecting diffuser: Ideal isotropic diffuser 4 Specifications 4.1 Colour-matching functions The colour-matching functionsX(A), YiA), ?(A of the CIE 1 9 3
42、1 standard colorimetric observer are defined by the values given in table 1, and thoseXlo(A), JlO(A), ?10(A), of the CIE 1964sup- plementary standard colorimetric observer are defined by the values given in table 2 . The values are given at 1 nm wavelength intervals from 360 nm to 830 nm. If values
43、are required at closer wavelength intervals than 1 nm, they should be derived by linear interpolation. 2 4.2 Spectral chromaticity coordinates Tables 1 and 2 also give values for the spectral Chromaticity coordinates, XU), y(A), z(A); xlO(A), y1o(A), z10(A); these have been derived from the appropri
44、ate colour-matching func- tions by forming the ratios: x(A) = X(A)/X(A) + ?(nt + ?(All y(A) = J ISO/CIE 10527 : 1991 (E) ratios to one another as the ratio of 1,ooO O to 4,590 7 to 0,060 1 ; n is equal to: (1,OooO + 4,5907 + 0,060 1)/ (0,176 97 + 0,812 4 0 + 0,010 63) = 5,650 8 The values of ?(A), J
45、(A), ZA) given in table 1 from 360 nm to 400 nm and from 700 nm to 830 nm are extrapolations. 5.3 Transformation properties The transformation given in the above equations was chosen to achieve the following objectives. First, the ?(A) function is identical to the V(A) function. Second, the values o
46、fX(A1, JU), ?(A) are allpositive for all wavelengths of the spectrum (unlike (A), gin), bA), one of which is negative at most wavelengths because of the need to desaturate spectral stimuli when mat- ching them with red, green, and blue reference stimuli). Third, the values of ?(A) are zero for wavel
47、engths longer than 650 nm. Fourth, the values of Z(A) are nearly zero at wavelengths around 505 nm. Fifth, the values of X ( A ) and JcA) are small at the short-wavelength erid of the spectrum. Sixth, the equi- energy spectrum is specified by equal amounts of X , Y and Z. Because the,V(A) function i
48、s identical to the V(A) function, the Y tristimulus value is proportional to luminance. 5.4 Comparison with earlier data The values of XI), .V(A), Z(A) given in table 1 for the spectral range of 380 nm to 780 nm at 5 nm intervals, when rounded to four decimal places, agree closely with those origina
49、lly published in 1931. There are only three minor differences: at A = 775 nm the new value of. XA) is 0,ooO 1 instead of 0,ooO O; at A = 555 nm, J(A = ?,O00 O instead of 1,ooO 2 and at A = 740 nm, J A ) = 0,ooO 2 instead of 0,OOO 3. These changes are considered insignificant in most colorimetric computations. When the relative luminances of unit quantities of RI, GI and BI are deduced from the data of table 1, the values obtained are 1 ,o00 O to 4,588 8 to 0,060 3 instead of 1 ,ooO O to 4,590 7 to 0,060 1, the relative radiances bei