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1、DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 ICS 01.040.07; 07.030 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT Nanotechnologies Terminology and definitions for nano- objects Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplat(ISO/TS 27687:2008) e Licensed Copy: London South Bank Univer
2、sity, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 56419 2 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication DateComments DD CEN
3、ISO/TS 27687:2008 National foreword This Draft for Development is the UK implementation of CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied
4、on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for its conversion to an internati
5、onal standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Updat
6、e Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of
7、 the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its se
8、cretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 1
9、6/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN ISO/TS 27687 August 2008 ICS 07.030; 01.040.07 English Version Nanotechnologies - Terminology and definitions for nano-objects - Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplat (ISO/TS 27687:
10、2008) Nanotechnologies - Terminologie et dfinitions relatives aux nano-objets - Nanoparticule, nanofibre et nanoplat (ISO/TS 27687:2008) Nanotechnologien - Terminologie und Begriffe fr Nanopartikel (ISO/TS 27687:2008) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 29 March 2008 for pro
11、visional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to annou
12、nce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of th
13、e CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roma
14、nia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved
15、 worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008) has been prepare
16、d by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229 “Nanotechnologies“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 352 “Nanotechnologies” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CEN
17、ELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
18、 Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TS 27687:2008 has bee
19、n approved by CEN as a CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 without any modification. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iii Foreword ISO (the International Organ
20、ization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been establish
21、ed has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
22、 International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Pu
23、blication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a technical committee may decide to publish other types of document: an ISO Publicly Avai
24、lable Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members of the parent committee casting a vote; an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between t
25、he members of a technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting a vote. An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a further three years, revised to become an Internationa
26、l Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s
27、ubject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TS 27687 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD
28、 CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reserved Introduction As many authorities predict that applications of nanotechnologies will pervade all areas of life and will enable dramatic advances to be realized in all areas of communication, health, manufacturing, materials a
29、nd knowledge-based technologies, there is an obvious need to provide industry and research with suitable tools to aid the development and application of those technologies. It is also essential that regulators and health and environmental protection agencies have available reliable measurement syste
30、ms and evaluation protocols supported by well-founded and robust standards. Often in the field of nanotechnologies, researchers with the aid of microscopes name materials inspired by the shape of objects found in everyday life although the physical size is much smaller. The prefix, nano-, is often a
31、dded to denote the small size of the object. (The prefix nano-, is also used in S.I. units to indicate 109 e.g. 1 nanometre = 109 metre.) To create a unitary standard, this terminology and definitions document encompasses terms used in both nanosciences and nanotechnologies concerning particles at t
32、he nano-scale. Nano-object and other new terms are coined to allow development of a rational hierarchical system of definitions. This hierarchy will allow systematic building of vocabulary and is contained in a larger hierarchy of terms under development for nanotechnologies. This document provides
33、an up-to-date listing of terms and definitions relevant to the area. It forms one part of a projected multi-part terminology and definitions document covering the different aspects of nanotechnologies. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and
34、those who interact with them. This document is concerned with the definition of terminology and definitions for these small objects. These objects come in several shapes; the three basic shapes referred to in this document are illustrated in Figure 1: a) nanoparticle b) nanorod c) nanoplate Figure 1
35、 Schematic diagrams showing some shapes for nano-objects There is a hierarchical relationship between many of the different terms in the document. Some elements of this are shown in Figure 2 to illustrate some of the relationships that exist. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank U
36、niversity, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved v Figure 2 Fragment of hierarchy of terms related to nano-objects Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy
37、, (c) BSI DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1 Nanotechnologies Terminology and definitions for na
38、no-objects Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate 1 Scope This Technical Specification lists terms and definitions related to particles in the field of nanotechnologies. It is intended to facilitate communications between organizations and individuals in industry and those who interact with them. 2 C
39、ore terms related to particles 2.1 nanoscale size range from approximately 1 nm to 100 nm NOTE 1 Properties that are not extrapolations from a larger size will typically, but not exclusively, be exhibited in this size range. For such properties the size limits are considered approximate. NOTE 2 The
40、lower limit in this definition (approximately 1 nm) is introduced to avoid single and small groups of atoms from being designated as nano-objects or elements of nanostructures, which might be implied by the absence of a lower limit. 2.2 nano-object material with one, two or three external dimensions
41、 in the nanoscale NOTE Generic term for all discrete nanoscale objects. 3 Terms concerning particles and assemblies of particles Nano-objects (for example nanoparticles, nanofibres, and nanoplates see Clause 4), often occur in (large) groups, rather than isolated. For reasons of surface energy, such
42、 coexisting nano-objects are likely to interact. In the description of these interactions, the following terms are often used. The following terms are not restricted with respect to physical size and shape. These terms are included for completeness and their importance at the nanoscale. 3.1 particle
43、 minute piece of matter with defined physical boundaries ISO 14644-6:2007, definition 2.102 NOTE 1 A physical boundary can also be described as an interface. NOTE 2 A particle can move as a unit. NOTE 3 This general particle definition applies to nano-objects. Licensed Copy: London South Bank Univer
44、sity, South Bank University, 16/11/2008 11:41, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN ISO/TS 27687:2008 ISO/TS 27687:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3.2 agglomerate collection of weakly bound particles or aggregates or mixtures of the two where the resulting external surface area is similar to the
45、 sum of the surface areas of the individual components NOTE 1 The forces holding an agglomerate together are weak forces, for example van der Waals forces, or simple physical entanglement. NOTE 2 Agglomerates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary pa
46、rticles. 3.3 aggregate particle comprising strongly bonded or fused particles where the resulting external surface area may be significantly smaller than the sum of calculated surface areas of the individual components NOTE 1 The forces holding an aggregate together are strong forces, for example co
47、valent bonds, or those resulting from sintering or complex physical entanglement. NOTE 2 Aggregates are also termed secondary particles and the original source particles are termed primary particles. 4 Terms specific to nano-objects 4.1 nanoparticle nano-object with all three external dimensions in
48、the nanoscale NOTE If the lengths of the longest to the shortest axes of the nano-object differ significantly (typically by more than three times), the terms nanorod or nanoplate are intended to be used instead of the term nanoparticle. 4.2 nanoplate nano-object with one external dimension in the na
49、noscale and the two other external dimensions significantly larger NOTE 1 The smallest external dimension is the thickness of the nanoplate. NOTE 2 The two significantly larger dimensions are considered to differ from the nanoscale dimension by more than three times. NOTE 3 The larger external dimensions are not necessarily in the nanoscale. 4.3 nanofibre nano-object with two similar external dimensions in the nanoscale and the third dimension significantly larger NOTE 1 A nanofibre can be flexible or rigid. NOTE 2 The two similar extern