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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 15150:2005 Solid biofuels Methods for the determination of particle density ICS 75.160.10 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 15150:2005 This Draft for De
2、velopment was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 February 2006 BSI 2 February 2006 ISBN 0 580 47741 X National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 15150:2005. This publication is not to be regarded as a
3、 British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the new edition of the international document has been issued as a Technical Specification and is open to further development. It should be applied on this provisional bas
4、is, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this pu
5、blication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According t
6、o the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Comm
7、ittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its
8、 secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic
9、Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 12, a
10、n inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GMT+00:00 20
11、06, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15150 August 2005 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Methods for the determination of particle density Combustibles solides - Mthode de dtermination de la masse volumique des par
12、ticules Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Teilchendichte This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 4 June 2005 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be reque
13、sted to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form.
14、 It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl
15、and, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR
16、 NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15150:2005: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GM
17、T+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references .4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Principle.4 5 Reagents5 6 Apparatus5 7 Sample preparation.7 8 Procedure7 9 Calculation.9 10 Precision9 11 Test report.9 Annex A (informative) Stereometric volume estima
18、tion10 Bibliography.12 CEN/TS 15150:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Foreword This Technical Specification (CEN/TS 15150:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid Bi
19、ofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Ge
20、rmany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN/TS 15150:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:
21、43:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised
22、to enable comparative determinations to be made. NOTE Particle density is subject to variation due to the susceptibility of organic material to environmental or technical impacts such as air humidity, vibration, abrasion or biodegradation. Particle density can therefore vary during time, thus the me
23、asured values should be regarded as a momentary fuel property. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
24、 (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 14588:2003 Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions CEN/TS 14774-1:2004 Solid biofuels Methods for determination of moisture content Oven dry method - Part 1: Total moisture Reference method CEN/TS 14774-2:2004 Solid biofuels Methods for de
25、termination of moisture content Oven dry method - Part 2: Total moisture Simplified procedure prCEN/TS 14778-1, Solid biofuels Sampling Part 1: Methods for sampling prCEN/TS 14778-2, Solid biofuels Sampling Part 2: Method for sampling particulate material transported in lorries prCEN/TS 14779, Solid
26、 biofuels Sampling Method for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates prCEN/TS 14780, Solid biofuels Methods for sample preparation CEN/TS 14961:2005, Solid biofuels Fuel Specifications and Classes 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and def
27、initions given in CEN/TS 14588 shall apply. 4 Principle Both mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the buoyancy of a body is equal to the wei
28、ght of the displaced volume of a liquid. The apparent loss in weight between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of the sample body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid. NOTE The particle density of briquettes could also be estima
29、ted by stereometric means (see informative Annex A). This estimation could also be made if pellets are cut to determine their volume by stereometric means. Be aware of a higher variability between the replications when applying the stereometric measuring principle. CEN/TS 15150:2005 Licensed Copy: L
30、ondon South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 5 Reagents 5.1 Water with low content of ions (e.g. drinking water quality) in a temperature range of 10 C to 30 C 5.2 A detergent named O-4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl-d
31、eca(oxyethylen, Octylphenoldecaethylen- glycolether, Polyethylenglycol-mono-p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl-ether NOTE The exclusive use of this specific detergent with given characteristics allows to apply a fixed value for the density of the liquid (mixture with water) and ensures constant pro
32、perties as wetting agent. The detergent is, for example traded under the name Triton X-100. The density at 20 C is 1,07 g/l. 5.3 Paraffin with a melting point of 52 to 54 C. 6 Apparatus 6.1 General apparatus requirements 6.1.1 Thermometer for liquids having a measuring accuracy of 1 C 6.1.2 Faciliti
33、es for moisture content determination according to CEN/TS 14774-1 or 14774-2 6.2 Apparatus for pellet testing 6.2.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,001 g. Due to the high sensitivity of the balance the test rig shall be placed into a wind protection cab
34、inet to allow undisturbed and immediate reading of the displayed values. 6.2.2 A transparent beaker glass of about 200 ml filling volume 6.2.3 A density determination rig which can be placed on the balance. The rig consists of a bridge which overstretches the weighing plate of the balance in order t
35、o prevent the balance from being loaded. The bridge is capable of carrying the beaker glass (clause 5.2.2). Through a supporting frame with suspension rods a weighing dish (“submergence dish“) is hung into the beaker glass (Figure 1) which is filled with liquid. The dish shall be able to accommodate
36、 at least four pellets at once. Both, the supporting frame and the submergence dish are directly loaded on the balance plate. The submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) can be removed for being loaded with pellets. Through the dish suspension the submergence depth is always kept constan
37、t. The bottom of the submergence dish is perforated by openings which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath when it is submerged. If sample material of low density shall be applied (below 1,0 g/cm3) a modified su
38、spension having an inverted submergence dish is required; this is to force the pellets underneath the liquid surface and prevent them from floating atop of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air it is useful to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is fixed to
39、 the suspension (Figure 1). Figure 1: Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets) CEN/TS 15150:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 6.3 Apparatus for briquette testing 6.3.1 A
40、 balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,01 g. If briquettes of more than 500 g each are tested the accuracy of the balance can be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance must have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its load cell. 6.3.2 A transparent container for
41、liquids having a sufficient filling volume to accommodate the liquid and the submerged briquette. NOTE A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the containers cross section is about 8 times larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case any effects by level changes of the l
42、iquid caused by submersion of the briquette are negligible. Such error would be due to a larger part of the holding steel string (see 6.3.3) being submerged. 6.3.3 A non absorbent thin steel string which can be hung to the connecting point of the balance. The end of the string is equipped with a hoo
43、k or a ring, which allows an easy appending of the sample. 6.3.4 A tripod where the balance can be placed on. The tripod must have a plate with an opening which allows the string to pass through unhindered while hanging to the balance (Figure 2). 6.3.5 A steel loop or any other steel support device
44、which allows to fix the briquette to the lower connecting point of the string 6.3.6 If sample material of low density shall be tested (below 1,0 g/cm3) a removable weight is required, which is positioned onto the sample in a way which prevents the briquette from floating atop of the liquid. Figure 2
45、: Buoyancy determination rig using a hanging load to a balance (method for briquettes) CEN/TS 15150:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:43:04 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 7 Sample preparation 7.1 Sampling and sample preparatio
46、n shall be done in accordance with prCEN/TS 14778-1, prCEN/TS 14778-2, prCEN/TS 14779 and prCEN/TS 14780. 7.2 A total sample weight of 500 g (pellets with a diameter equal to or below 12 mm) or 1000 g for pellets with a diameter above 12 mm or a minimum of 15 briquettes is required. 7.3 From the fue
47、l a sub-sample of minimum 40 pellets or 10 briquettes is selected and stored in the room where the measuring will be conducted for at least two days. 7.4 For low density and coarse textured briquettes a rapid disintegration after submergence in the liquid may happen, thus the reading may be difficul
48、t to take. The sample can then be coated by submerging in liquid paraffin (clause 5.3), preferable at a temperature of 90 C. NOTE Be aware of the additional volume which reduces the density slightly. 8 Procedure 8.1 Procedure for pellets (up to a diameter of 25 mm according to CEN/TS14961) 8.1.1 Fil
49、l the beaker glass with water to a filling level which ensures that full submersion of all pellets on the submergence dish can be achieved. 8.1.2 Add 1,5 grams per litre of the detergent as described in Clause 5 to the water in the beaker glass and stir until full homogeneity of the liquid is achieved. Position the beaker glass with the liquid onto the bridge. NOTE 1 At 1,5 grams per litre of the above detergent the critical miscelle concentration in water (