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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 14429:2005 Characterisation of waste Leaching behaviour tests Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition ICS 13.030.01 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy,
2、(c) BSI DD CEN/TS 14429:2005 This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 15 February 2006 BSI 15 February 2006 ISBN 0 580 46926 3 National foreword This Draft for Development is the official English language version of CEN/TS 14429:2
3、005. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature because the new edition of the International document has been issued as a Technical Specification and is open to further developme
4、nt. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conver
5、sion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its 3-year life. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the ap
6、propriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent i
7、n writing to the Secretary of BSI Subcommittee B/508/3, Waste characterisation, at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and proposing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented o
8、n this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by
9、using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside fr
10、ont cover, the CEN/TS title page, pages 2 to 26, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South
11、 Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 14429 October 2005 ICS 13.030.01 English Version Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour tests - Influence of pH on leaching with ini
12、tial acid/base addition Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec ajout initial dacide/base Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens - Einfluss des pH-Wertes unter vorheriger Sure/Base Zugabe This Technic
13、al Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 11 February 2005 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can
14、 be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to
15、 the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
16、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CENAll rights
17、 of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 14429:2005: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 Contents page Foreword 3 Introduction4
18、1 Scope 5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions 5 4 Symbols and abbreviations.6 5 Principle7 6 Reagents and laboratory devices7 6.1 Reagents 7 6.2 Laboratory devices7 7 Sampling.8 7.1 Laboratory sample.8 7.2 Preparation of test sample8 7.3 Determination of dry residue9 7.4 Test portion9 8
19、 Test procedure .9 8.1 Contact time.9 8.2 pH-range.9 8.3 Leaching test10 8.4 Natural pH 12 9 Eluate treatment, storage and analysis 13 10 Blank test 13 11 Performance characteristics13 12 Test report.13 Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet.15 Annex B (informative) Operation and uses of the
20、test: influence of pH on the leaching behaviour16 Annex C (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption.20 Annex D (informative) Examples of acid and base neutralisation capacities for waste, soil, sediment and construction materials.24 Bibliography.26 CEN/TS 14429:2005 Licens
21、ed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Foreword This CEN Technical Specification (CEN/TS 14429:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterisation of waste”, the secretariat of whic
22、h is held by NEN. The annexes A, B, C and D are informative. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this CEN Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
23、 France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN/TS 14429:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun
24、 Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Introduction This Technical Specification has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. Tests to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divide
25、d into three categories. The relationship between these tests are summarized below: 1. “Basic characterization“ tests are used to obtain information on the short and long term leaching behaviour and characteristic properties of waste materials. Liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factor
26、s controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity, ageing of waste and physical parameters are addressed in these tests. 2. “Compliance“ tests are used to determine whether the waste complies with a specific behaviour or with specific reference values. The tests focus on ke
27、y variables and leaching behaviour previously identified by basic characterization tests. 3. “On-site verification“ tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to the compliance test(s). On-site verification tests are not necessarily leachin
28、g tests. The test procedure described in this Technical Specification belongs to category (1): basic characterization tests. In the test, which is described in this Technical Specification equilibrium condition is established at different pH values as a result of the reaction between pre-selected am
29、ounts of acid or base and test portions of the waste material. Size reduction is performed to accelerate reaching of equilibrium condition. This test is different from the “pH dependence test with continuous pH control“ (pH static test see prEN 14997) in which the pH is controlled at pre-selected va
30、lues over the entire testing period by continuous measurement and automatic addition of acid or base. The test is aiming at approaching equilibrium at the end of the procedure. NOTE In Annex B specific uses of both the pH dependence test with initial acid/ base addition and the pH dependence test wi
31、th continuous pH control are indicated. CEN/TS 14429:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the influence of pH on the leachabilit
32、y of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is established by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
33、This Technical Specification is a parameter specific test as specified in ENV 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions. NOTE This generally requires the application of several tes
34、t methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified in ENV 12920. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the r
35、eferenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12506:2003, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates Determination of pH, As, Ba, Cd, Cl-, Co, Cr, CrVI, Cu, Mo, Ni, NO2-, Pb, total S, SO42- and Zn. ENV 12920, Characterization of waste Methodology for the determination of the leaching
36、behaviour of waste under specified conditions. EN 13370, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates Determination of Ammonium, AOX, conductivity, Hg, phenol index, TOC, easily liberatable CN-, F-. prEN 14346:2002, Characterization of waste Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue
37、 and water content. prEN 14899, Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples (ISO 5667-3:2003). 3 Terms and definitions Fo
38、r the purposes of this Technical Specification, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dry residue wdr remaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 C prEN 14346:2002 3.2 eluate solution obtained by a laboratory leaching test 3.3 equilibrium condition condition achieved w
39、hen the pH deviation during a checking period at the last 4 hours of the test is below 0,3 pH unit CEN/TS 14429:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 3.4 laboratory sample sample or subsample(s
40、) sent to or received by the laboratory IUPAC, 1997 3.5 liquid to solid-ratio L/S ratio between the amount of liquid (L) and of solid (S) in the test NOTE L/S is expressed in l/kg dry matter. 3.6 leachant liquid to be mixed with the test portion in the leaching procedure 3.7 suspension mixture of le
41、achant and test portion 3.8 test portion amount or volume of the test sample taken for analysis, usually of known weight or volume IUPAC, 1997 3.9 test sample sample, prepared from the laboratory sample, from which test portions are removed for testing or analysis IUPAC, 1997 4 Symbols and abbreviat
42、ions ANC acid neutralization capacity BNC base neutralization capacity DM dry matter DOC dissolved organic carbon L/S liquid to solid ratio Md dried mass of the test portion md mass after drying Mw un-dried mass of the test portion mr mass before drying t0 time at the start of the leaching test VA/B
43、 volume of acid or base used in leachant Vdemin volume of demineralized water used in leachant CEN/TS 14429:2005 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Sun Dec 10 13:31:00 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 VL volume of added leachant wdr dry residue of
44、the waste 5 Principle Separate test portions are leached at a fixed L/S ratio with leachants containing pre-selected amounts of acid or base in order to reach stationary pH values at the end of the extraction period. Each leachant is added in three steps in the beginning of the test. At least 8 fina
45、l pH-values are required, covering at the minimum the range pH 4 to pH 12 (both included i.e. the lowest value 4 and the highest value 12). The amounts of acid or base needed to cover the pH range can be derived from the results of a preliminary titration, from available experimental data on the mat
46、erial to be tested or from an arbitrary division of the predetermined maximum consumption of acid and base. The tests are carried out at a fixed contact time at the end of which equilibrium condition can be assumed to be reached for most constituents in most waste materials to be characterized. The
47、equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is verified at the end of the extraction period. The results are expressed in mg/l of constituents for each final pH value. For each final pH value also the quantity of acid that is added is expressed in mol H+/kg DM and the quantity of base that is a
48、dded is expressed as negative mol OH-/kg DM (-mol OH-/kg DM). NOTE 1 Other expression of results is possible (including mg leached /kg dry matter). Since this test is aiming at equilibrium condition i.e. solubility controlled, the results alone cannot be used to quantify the soluble mass fraction. T
49、he acid or base neutralization capacity (ANC, BNC) of the waste is also determined. NOTE 2 The pH range covered by the test may be restricted to a pH range relevant for the specific material and the considered problem (see 8.2). 6 Reagents and laboratory devices 6.1 Reagents 6.1.1 Distilled water, demineralized water or water of equivalent purity with a conductivity 9) CO2 uptake may affect the leaching process. This may be reduced by minimizing the contact time with th