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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD CEN/TS 15403:2006 Solid recovered fuels Methods for the determination of ash content ICS 75.160.10 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 15403:2006 This Draft for
2、Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 48562 5 National foreword This Draft for Development was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15403:2006. This publication is not to be regarded as
3、a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for
4、Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion to a European standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken
5、 on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European
6、Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Com
7、mittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels. A list of organizations represented on PTI/17 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments issued since publication Am
8、d. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15403 October 2006 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid recovere
9、d fuels - Methods for the determination of ash content Combustibles solides de rcupration - Mthodes pour la dtermination de la teneur en cendre Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Aschegehaltes This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 March 2006 for provisi
10、onal application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce
11、the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CE
12、N/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
13、 Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for
14、 CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15403:2006: E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction.4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Princ
15、iple5 5 Apparatus .5 6 Sampling and sample preparation.6 7 Procedure .6 8 Calculation6 9 Precision.7 10 Test report7 Bibliography8 CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3 Foreword Th
16、is document (CEN/TS 15403:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technica
17、l Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom
18、. CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 4 Introduction This Technical Specification covers the determination of ash content of solid recovered fuels. It is primarily geared toward la
19、boratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of solid recovered fuels but is also useful for the authorities and inspection organizations. The method specified in this Technical Specification is based on CEN/TS 14775 1 as well as ISO 1171 2. CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank Univ
20、ersity, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of ash content of all solid recovered fuels. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensabl
21、e for the application of this Technical Specification. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 15357:2006, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions pr
22、CEN/TS 15442, Solid recovered fuels Methods for sampling prCEN/TS 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods for laboratory sample preparation CEN/TS 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample 3 Terms and definitio
23、ns For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 15357:2006 and the following apply. 3.1 ash content on dry basis mass of inorganic residue remaining after ignition of a fuel under specified conditions, expressed as mass fraction in percent of the dry ma
24、tter in the fuel 4 Principle The sample is heated in air atmosphere up to a temperature of (550 10) C under rigidly controlled conditions of time, sample mass and equipment specifications. The ash content is determined by calculation from the mass of the residue remaining after heating. 5 Apparatus
25、5.1 Dish, consisting of inert material such as porcelain, silica or platinum, with a depth from 10 mm to 20 mm and such a size that the sample loading does not exceed 0,1 g/cm2 bottom area. 5.2 Furnace, capable of maintaining a zone of uniform temperature at the levels required in Clause 7 and to re
26、ach these levels in the specified heating rates. The ventilation rate through the furnace should be such that no lack of oxygen arises during the heating procedure. NOTE A ventilation rate from 5 air changes/min to 10 air changes/min should be suitable. 5.3 Balance, capable of weighing the dish cont
27、aining the sample to the nearest 0,1 mg. 5.4 Desiccator, without desiccant. CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 6 NOTE The use of a desiccator without desiccant is specified in ISO
28、 1171 2 and emphasised here since ashes from solid recovered fuels are often more hygroscopic than coal ashes. 5.5 Sieve 5.6 Container, sealed airtight. 6 Sampling and sample preparation The general analysis sample shall be taken and prepared in accordance with prCEN/TS 15442 and prCEN/TS 15443. It
29、shall be ground to pass through a sieve with an aperture size of 1 mm. The general analysis sample shall be received in the laboratory in the container (5.6). The general analysis sample shall either be oven-dried or its moisture content determined in accordance with CEN/TS 15414-3. The general anal
30、ysis sample shall be mixed carefully before weighing (see also Clause 7). 7 Procedure A minimum of two determinations shall be carried out on the general analysis sample. Heat the empty dish (5.1) in the furnace (5.2) to (550 10) C for at least 60 min. Allow the dish to cool down in a desiccator. Af
31、ter the dish is cooled, weigh it to the nearest 0,1 mg and record the mass. Place about 1 g of the general analysis sample on the bottom of the dish and spread in an even layer over the bottom surface. Weigh the dish plus the sample to the nearest 0,1 mg and record the mass. If the general analysis
32、sample is oven-dried, both the dish and the sample shall be dried at (105 10) C as a precautionary measure and then weighed. Place the loaded dish in the cold furnace. Heat the sample in the furnace according to the following heating routine: a) raise the furnace temperature evenly to (250 10) C ove
33、r a period of 50 min (i.e. a rise of 5 K/min). Maintain at this temperature level for 60 min to allow the volatiles to leave the sample before ignition; b) continue to raise the furnace temperature evenly to (550 10) C over a period of 60 min (i.e. a rise of 5 K/min) and keep this temperature level
34、for at least 120 min. Remove the dish with its content from the furnace. Allow the dish and its content to cool on a thick metal plate for 5 min to 10 min and then transfer to a desiccator without desiccant and allow to cool to ambient temperature. Weigh the ash and the dish to the nearest 0,1 mg as
35、 soon as ambient temperature is reached and record the mass. Calculate the ash content of the sample as detailed in Clause 8. If there is any doubt of complete incineration (for instance presence of soot at visual inspection), then add droplets of water or ammonium nitrate to the sample before it is
36、 reloaded into the cold furnace and reheated to (550 10) C for a period of further 30 min until the change in mass is lower than 0,2 mg. 8 Calculation The ash content on dry basis, Adb, of the general analysis sample, expressed as mass fraction in percent on a dry basis, shall be calculated by Equat
37、ion (1): () () ad12 13 db 100 100 100 Mmm mm A = (1) where CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 7 m1 is the mass of the empty dish, in grams; m2 is the mass of the dish plus the gen
38、eral analysis sample, in grams; m3 is the mass of the dish plus ash, in grams; Mad is the mass fraction of moisture of the general analysis sample on wet basis, in percent. The result shall be reported as the mean of duplicate determinations to the nearest 0,1 %. 9 Precision Because of the varying n
39、ature of the solid recovered fuels covered by this Technical Specification, at the present time it is not possible to give a precision statement (repeatability or reproducibility) for this test method. 10 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) identification of the l
40、aboratory and the testing date; b) identification of the sample tested; c) a reference to this Technical Specification, i.e. CEN/TS 15403; d) test results and the basis which is reported on, e.g. on dry basis“ or on wet basis“; e) any deviation from this Technical Specification; f) any unusual featu
41、res observed during the determination which may have affected the test result and details of any operations not included in this Technical Specification or regarded as optional. CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00
42、 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 8 Bibliography 1 CEN/TS 14775, Solid biofuels Method for the determination of ash content 2 ISO 1171, Solid mineral fuels Determination of ash CEN/TS 15403:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00
43、2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI blank Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 05:44:29 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD CEN/TS 15403:2006 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSI British Standards Institution BSI is the independent nati
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