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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD ENV 1071-6:2002 Advanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic coatings Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test ICS 81.060.30 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 0
2、6:03:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI DD ENV 1071-6:2002 This Draft for Development, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 2 Octobe
3、r 2002 BSI 2 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40459 5 National foreword This Draft for Development is the English language version of ENV 1071-6:2002. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional n
4、ature because it is considered that further experience is required in its application before it is converted to a European and hence British Standard. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application may be obtained. Comments arising fro
5、m the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion into a European Standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years after its publication by the European organization so that a decisi
6、on can be taken on its status at the end of its three-year life. The commencement of the review period will be notified by an announcement in Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversi
7、on into a European Standard, to extend the life of the prestandard or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, at 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the document reference and clause number and prop
8、osing, where possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in th
9、e BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ENV title page, pages 2 to 1
10、5 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 06:03:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Cop
11、y, (c) BSI EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD PRNORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE VORNORM ENV 1071-6 July 2002 ICS 81.060.30 English version Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings - Part 6: Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test Cramiques techniques
12、 avances - Mthodes dessai pour revtements cramiques - Partie 6: Dtermination de la rsistance labrasion des revtements par essai de micro- usure Hochleistungskeramik - Verfahren zur Prfung keramischer Schichten - Teil 6: Bestimmung des Abriebwiderstands von Schichten durch eine Mikroabriebprfung This
13、 European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 28 April 2002 as a prospective standard for provisional application. The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question
14、whether the ENV can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (i
15、n parallel to the ENV) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norwa
16、y, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide f
17、or CEN national Members. Ref. No. ENV 1071-6:2002 E Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 06:03:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ENV 1071-6:2002 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1Scope 3 2Normative references 4 3Terms and definitions4 4Signif
18、icance and use .4 5Principle4 6Test parameters .5 7Apparatus .5 8Different types of test6 8.1Type A: No perforation of coating6 8.2Type B: Perforation of coating. 6 9Sample preparation .6 10Test procedure.7 10.1Test Type A: No perforation of coating .7 10.2Test Type B: Perforation of coating.8 11Ana
19、lysis of results.8 11.1Test Type A: No perforation of coating. 8 11.2Test Type B: Perforation of coating.9 12Test report 10 Annex A (informative) Measurement of coating thickness14 Bibliography15 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 06:03:45 GMT+00:00
20、 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ENV 1071-6:2002 (E) 3 Foreword This document ENV 1071-6:2002 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics“, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. EN 1071 Advanced technical ceramics - Methods of test for ceramic coatings consis
21、ts of 7 Parts: Part 1:Determination of coating thickness by contact probe profilometer Part 2:Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding method Part 3:Determination of adhesion and other mechanical failure modes by a scratch test Part 4:Determination of chemical composition Part 5:Det
22、ermination of porosity Part 6:Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-abrasion wear test Part 7:Determination of hardness and Youngs modulus by depth sensing indentation This standard includes an informative annex A and a bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
23、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
24、nd and the United Kingdom. 1 Scope 1.1This part of ENV 1071 describes a method of measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by means of a micro-abrasion wear test based on the well known crater grinding technique used for film thickness determination see ENV 1071-2. 1.2The method can prov
25、ide data on both film and substrate wear rates, either by performing two separate tests or by careful analysis of the data from a single test series. 1.3The test method may be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfaces but the analysis described in clause 11 applies only to flat samples.
26、For non-planar samples a more complicated analysis, possibly requiring the use of numerical methods, is required. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 06:03:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ENV 1071-6:2002 (E) 4 2 Normative references Thi
27、s European Prestandard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these pu
28、blications apply to this European Prestandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laborator
29、ies (ISO/IEC 17025:1999). ENV 1071-2, Advanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic coatings Part 2: Determination of coating thickness by the crater grinding method. ISO GUM, Guidance on the expression of uncertainty in measurement. ISO 3290, Rolling bearings Balls Dimensions and toleranc
30、es. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Prestandard, the term and definition given below applies. 3.1 abrasive wear rate (also called abrasive wear coefficient) volume of material removed in unit sliding distance under a normal contact load of 1 N 4 Significance and use Althoug
31、h few protective coatings are subject to single wear processes, the abrasive wear resistance of such coatings can play a decisive role in their performance. Hence knowledge of the abrasive wear resistance of ceramic coatings can help in the proper selection of coatings for applications where abrasio
32、n plays a major part in their degradation. Although techniques exist to measure the abrasive wear behaviour of bulk materials and thick films (see Bibliography), these techniques are not easily applied to thin films and are difficult to interpret when used on curved surfaces. The purpose of this ENV
33、 is to provide a method for measuring the abrasion resistance of both thin and thick coatings and of bulk materials. The test can be carried out on flat surfaces or surfaces with a known radius of curvature, and requires only a few mm2 of sample. However, the analysis described in clause 11 applies
34、only to flat samples and is applicable to homogeneous single layer coatings only; errors may occur if the test is used on in- homogeneous coatings. By proper treatment of the results, as indicated in 11.2, where the test produces penetration of the coating it can provide abrasion coefficients for bo
35、th coating and substrate from a single test series. Although the test is designed to enable quantitative measurement of wear coefficients, it can be adapted as a quality control test for use on real components. 5 Principle In the test, a ball is rotated whilst being pressed against the sample and an
36、 abrasive slurry is fed into the contact zone. A spherical depression is produced and the size of this depression is measured. Where perforation of the coating has not occurred, the wear rate of the coating can be obtained from a single crater. When perforation of the coating occurs, by making a ser
37、ies of these craters and measuring the size of the scar dimensions, the wear rate of both the coating and the substrate can be calculated. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 06:03:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ENV 1071-6:2002 (E) 5 6
38、 Test parameters 6.1The specific test parameters include: a) load b) speed c) number of revolutions d) diameter of ball e) composition, morphology, and size of abrasive f) concentration of abrasive g) abrasive feed rate h) surface condition of ball i) composition of test fluid 6.2The coating/substra
39、te specific parameters include: a) coating abrasion resistance b) substrate abrasion resistance c) coating thickness d) radius of curvature of sample if any e) adhesion of coating to the substrate f) surface finish of coating and substrate g) deposition process used 7 Apparatus A ball or a profiled
40、wheel which is rotated and pressed against the coated sample shall be used. When a wheel is used the sample shall also be rotated. Two variants of the ball system are shown in Figure 1, where either the sample, mounted on a dead-weight loaded lever, is pressed against a directly driven ball, or the
41、balls own weight presses it against the sample. In all cases, a slurry of SiC or other suitable abrasive in a suitable liquid, normally water, shall be drip fed into the contact zone between the ball and the sample, and wear is measured by measuring the size of the wear scar on the sample using a ca
42、librated microscope. NOTE 1The abrasive is normally F1200 SiC, but F1200 silica or other fine abrasive can be used. The average size of the abrasive should not exceed 4 m. An homogeneous slurry shall be ensured during the test. This can be done by stirring the slurry continuously, or by adding stabi
43、lisers. The balls are typically 25 mm diameter hardened steel (e.g. SAE52100) and shall, prior to any conditioning, conform to the requirements of ISO 3290. Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 06:03:45 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ENV 1
44、071-6:2002 (E) 6 NOTE 2Balls can be used in a polished condition but it has been found - see reference 3, Bibliography - that the test behaviour is erratic and poor results are obtained if balls are used without conditioning. The recommended conditioning treatment consists of running the test ball f
45、or at least 50 revolutions on a non- critical part of the sample under normal test conditions before starting the testing. An abrasive slurry shall be made from the abrasive powder and the chosen liquid in the required proportions. As the mode of wear that is observed depends critically on the abras
46、ive concentration that is used, two concentrations are recommended. These are: 1) Dilute (promotes grooving wear) Concentration of 2 % by volume For SiC this is achieved by mixing 6,4 g to 98 ml of distilled water. 2) Concentrated (promotes rolling wear) Concentration of 20 % by volume For SiC this
47、is achieved by mixing 6,4 g to 8 ml of distilled water. As an alternative to mixing slurries, ready mixed abrasive slurries can be used. If this is done all details of the supplier and makeup of the slurry shall be reported. Measurement of the crater dimensions may be carried out with any suitable e
48、quipment, e.g. a microscope with calibrated graticule, provided that the calibration used is traceable to national standards. Where measurements are made from photographically capture images, it is essential that fiducial marks of known dimensions are incorporated in the images to ensure that any sh
49、rinkage of the photographic film after development or during storage can be eliminated. Alternatively, automatic measurement using an electronically captured image may be used provided that the measurement system is fully calibrated, the procedure used being traceable to national standards. 8 Different types of test 8.1 Type A: No perforation of coating. In this type of test control the duration of the test so that perforation of the coating does not occur. Some trials can be nece