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1、TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION MOUNDED HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL BULK STORAGE VESSELS FOR PRESSURISED GASES AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURES DEP 34.51.11.30-Gen. December 1993 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE USED BY COMPANIES OF THE ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL GROUP This document is confidential. Neither the whole nor any part
2、of this document may be disclosed to any third party without the prior written consent of Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., The Hague, the Netherlands. The copyright of this document is vested in Shell Internationale Petroleum Maatschappij B.V., The Hague, the Netherlands. All rights
3、 reserved. Neither the whole nor any part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, reprographic, recording or otherwise) without the prior written consent of t
4、he copyright owner. PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version PREFACE DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell International Oil Products B.V. (SIOP) and Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and Shell Inter
5、national Chemicals B.V. (SIC) The Hague, The Netherlands, and other Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvementwith the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Group
6、 Operating companies. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, national and international standards and codes of practice. The objective is to set the recommendedstandard for good design and engineeringpractice applied by Group companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling i
7、nstallation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to users for their consideration and decision to implement. This i
8、s of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual operating companies to adapt the information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements. W
9、hen Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those design and
10、engineering practices which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use DEPs is granted by SIOP, SIEP or
11、 SIC, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with companies of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group and other companies receiving technical advice and services from SIOP, SIEP or SIC. Consequently, three categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished: 1)Operating companies having a Service Agreem
12、ent with SIOP, SIEP, SIC or other Service Company. The use of DEPs by these Operating companies is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement. 2)Other parties who are authorized to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements. 3)Contractors/subc
13、ontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standards. Subject to any particular terms and conditions as
14、 may be set forth in specific agreements with users, SIOP, SIEP and SIC disclaim any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combinat
15、ion of DEPs or any part thereof. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to SIOP, SIEP, SIC and/or any company affiliated to these companies that may issue DEPs or require the use of DEPs. Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contrac
16、tual arrangements, DEPs shall not, without the prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copie
17、s which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of SIOP and SIEP. The copyright of DEPs vests in SIOP and SIEP. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and SIOP or SIEP may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users
18、 implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in SIOP. NOTE: In addition to DEP publications there are Standard Specifications and Draft DEPs for Development (DDDs). DDDs generally introduce new procedures or techniques that will probably need up
19、dating as further experience develops during their use. The above requirements for distribution and use of DEPs are also applicable to Standard Specifications and DDDs. Standard Specifications and DDDs will gradually be replaced by DEPs. DEP 34.51.11.30-Gen. December 1993 Page 2 PDF created with pdf
20、Factory Pro trial version TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION .5 1.1SCOPE 5 1.2DISTRIBUTION, APPLICABILITY AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS 5 1.3DEFINITIONS 5 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES 7 1.5CONCEPT .7 1.6PROJECT PLANNING.9 2.SOIL INVESTIGATION .10 2.1GENERAL10 2.2FIELDWORK .10 2.3LABORATORY WORK11 2.4REPORTING
21、 .12 3.FOUNDATION AND EARTH MOUND 13 3.1SITE PREPARATION 13 3.2TYPES OF FOUNDATION 13 3.3SETTLEMENT OF SOIL BEARING FOUNDATIONS 13 3.4SETTLEMENT MONITORING .14 3.5FOUNDATION DESIGN 15 3.6MOUND .15 3.7FOUNDATION AND MOUND MATERIAL .16 3.8CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATION AND MOUND 16 4.VESSEL.18 4.1DESIGN .
22、18 4.2DESIGN LOADS19 4.3LOAD COMBINATIONS 21 4.4MATERIALS 21 4.5CONSTRUCTION22 5.OPERATIONAL FITTINGS .23 5.1GENERAL23 5.2PRODUCT HANDLING23 5.3PIPING 24 5.4DRAINAGE FACILITIES. .24 5.5MANHOLES.24 5.6SLEEVES AROUND NOZZLES AND MANHOLES . 24 6.CORROSION PROTECTION 25 6.1GENERAL25 6.2COATING 26 6.3CAT
23、HODIC PROTECTION28 6.4LIGHTNING PROTECTION.34 7.INSPECTION, TESTING AND CERTIFICATES 35 7.1VESSEL INSPECTION AND PROCEDURES/STANDARDS 35 7.2HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE TEST 35 7.3MANUFACTURING REPORT .36 7.4CERTIFICATES OF ACCEPTANCE FROM AUTHORITIES . 36 7.5INSPECTION DURING OPERATION36 8.REFERENCES 37 9.
24、RECOMMENDED LITERATURE 40 APPENDICES .41 DEP 34.51.11.30-Gen. December 1993 Page 3 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version APPENDICES APPENDIX ASTRESS ANALYSIS OF MOUNDED STORAGE VESSELS 42 APPENDIX BTYPICAL FOUNDATION MODES57 APPENDIX CDISTRIBUTION OF SOIL REACTION (SUPPORTING LOAD) 58 APPEN
25、DIX DRECOMMENDED STEEL GRADES AND HEAT TREATMENTS FOR MOUNDED STORAGE VESSELS.59 APPENDIX EVESSEL CONNECTIONS 60 APPENDIX FBOTTOM OUTLET WITH INSPECTION TUNNEL. 61 APPENDIX GNON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING REQUIREMENTS . 62 APPENDIX H1HARDNESS TESTING ON MOUNDED VESSEL WELDS. 63 APPENDIX H2RECOMMENDED PROCE
26、DURE FOR HARDNESS MEASUREMENTS 64 APPENDIX IINSTALLATION/FABRICATION ALTERNATIVES . 65 DEP 34.51.11.30-Gen. December 1993 Page 4 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1SCOPE This DEP replaces DDD 34.51.11.30-Gen., dated March 1988, and givesminimum requirements for the desi
27、gn, fabrication, erection, inspection and testing of mounded horizontal cylindrical bulk storage vessels for pressurised gases at ambient temperatures. It covers the storage vessels, the soil investigation, foundation, mound, corrosion protection and cathodic protection requirements. Requirements fo
28、r piping and rotating equipment are not included. The Principal shall specify the product(s) to be stored, including product design parameters, pressure testing requirements and the storage capacities with main dimensions. 1.2DISTRIBUTION, APPLICABILITY AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise
29、 authorised by SIPM, the distribution of this document is confined to companies forming part of or managed by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and to Contractors and Manufacturers nominated by them (i.e. the distribution code is “F“, as defined in DEP 00.00.05.05-Gen.). This DEP is intended for use in o
30、il refineries, chemical plants, gas plants, exploration and production facilities and supply/marketing installations. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which combinat
31、ionofrequirementswillbeacceptableasregardssafety,economic, environmental, and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this document which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local regulations. T
32、he Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned with the object of obtaining agreement to follow this document as closely as possible. 1.3DEFINITIONS 1.3.1General definitions The Contractor is the party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, constructio
33、n, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplieristhepartywhichmanufactures orsuppliesvessels, equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor. The Princ
34、ipalis theparty whichinitiatestheproject and ultimately paysfor its implementation. The Principal will specify the technical requirements. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The Principal will provide a site for the implement
35、ation of the project. The word shall indicates a requirement. The word should indicates a recommendation. DEP 34.51.11.30-Gen. December 1993 Page 5 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.3.2Specific abbreviations and definitions ABP=atmospheric boiling point AC=alternating current BH=bore
36、hole BLEVE=boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion CP=cathodic protection CPT=cone penetration test DC=direct current DCT=deep conductivity test HPT=hydrostatic pressure test MPI=magnetic particle inspection PM=piezometer PWHT=post weld heat treatment RT=radiography test SCT=surface conductivity t
37、est SPT=standard penetration test UT=ultrasonic test (steel) USS=undisturbed soil sampling (soil) VE=visual examination Cathodic protection - the process to reduce or prevent corrosion of metal structures in contact with soil by the flow of direct current from the soil into the structure surface. Cu
38、rrent density - the amount of current per unit area of the steel surface, coated or uncoated, in contact with the soil. The foundation is that part of the earth surrounding the vessel which actually carries the load. It is located below the 120 support angle. Groundbed - The system of buried electro
39、des, connected to the positive terminal of the cathodic protection voltage source to conduct the required current into and through the soil to the steel surface to be protected. The mound is that part of the earth surrounding the vessel which is not part of the foundation, i.e. above the 120 support
40、 angle. Natural potential - the structure to soil potential measured when no cathodic protection is applied and polarization caused by cathodic protection is absent. “OFF“ potential - the structure to soil potential measured immediately after the cathodic protection system is switched off and the ap
41、plied electrical current stops flowing to the structure surface, but before polarization of the structure has decreased. “ON“ potential - the structure to soil potential measured while the cathodic protection system is continuously operating. Polarization - the change of the structure to soil potent
42、ial caused by the flow of DC current between an electrolyte and a steel surface. Polarization cell - a device inserted in the earth connection of a structure that isolates for DC in the cathodic protection voltage range and has a low resistance for all AC and high DC voltages. Reference electrode -
43、An electrode of which the electrochemical potential is accurately reproducible and which serves as a reference for structure to soil potential measurements. Structure to soil potential - the difference in electrochemical potential between a buried structure and a specified reference electrode in con
44、tact with the soil. DEP 34.51.11.30-Gen. December 1993 Page 6 PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version 1.4CROSS-REFERENCES Where cross-references are made, the number of the section or sub-section referred to is shown in brackets. All publications referenced by this DEP are listed in (8.). 1.5
45、CONCEPT The design lifetime of mounded storage is 25 years. Mounded storage comprises the storage of pressurised gases at ambient temperatures in horizontal cylindrical vessels placed near ground level and covered with suitable backfill. Several vessels may be located side by side in one mound. Moun
46、ded storage is applied because it provides additional safety compared to above ground storage of gases in spheres or bullets. Its major advantage is that a BLEVE is made virtually impossible. Other benefits of the mound are: protection of the vessel(s) against: -heat radiation from a nearby fire, -p
47、ressure wave originating from an explosion, -impact by flying objects, -sabotage, it satisfies environmental and aesthetic requirements, it results in reduced site area due to less stringent inter-spacing requirements, the safety distance to the site boundary can be reduced considerably. The design
48、aspects of mounded storage projects are in general more complicated than those for above ground spheres or bullets. Particular attention is drawn to the importance of the vessel to soil interraction and to corrosion protection. The existing pressure vessels codes, such as BS 5500, do not cover the s
49、pecial soil cover and/or support aspects of mounded storage. As external inspections of mounded vessels are not intended, the utmost attention is required for the coating and cathodic protection system to minimize the risk of (undetected) corrosion. Depending on site conditions, ground water level and operational requirements, the vessels may be installed either at grade level or in an excavation, after which they shall be backfilled. Since the vessels shall be in