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1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-2: Microgrids ICS 27.160; 27.180 ? Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled
2、 Copy, (c) BSI DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 This Draft for Development was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2006 BSI 2006 ISBN 0 580 49642 2 National foreword This Draft for Development was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of IEC/TS
3、 62257-9-2:2006. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis, so that information and experience of its practical application can be
4、 obtained. Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the international organization responsible for its conversion to an international standard. A review of this publication will be initiated not later than 3 years after its pu
5、blication by the international organization so that a decision can be taken on its status. Notification of the start of the review period will be made in an announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the responsible B
6、SI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of the Technical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent to the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Committee at British Standards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, Lond
7、on W4 4AL. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/82, Solar photovoltaic energy systems. A list of organizations represented on GEL/82 can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
8、 contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION IEC TS 62257-9-2 F
9、irst edition 2006-10 Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-2: Microgrids Reference number IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006(E) DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:0
10、0 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI CONTENTS INTRODUCTION.4 1 Scope.5 2 Normative reference.5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 General 7 4.1 Limits of a microgrid7 4.2 Voltage drops7 4.3 Composition of a microgrid7 5 Protection against electric shocks.19 6 Protection against overcurrents 19 7 Selection a
11、nd erection of equipment.19 7.1 Equipment installation .19 7.2 Operational conditions and external influences19 7.3 Characteristics of lines 11 7.4 Cables.12 7.5 Poles.12 7.6 Cable anchorage.15 7.7 Connections and accessories 15 7.8 Where poles are used for other purposes 17 7.9 Isolation and switch
12、ing 17 7.10 Earthing arrangement, protective conductors and protective bonding conductors 18 8 Verification and acceptance20 8.1 General.20 8.2 Supervision of works .20 8.3 Verification before commissioning (on site acceptance).20 8.4 Operation tests21 Annex A (informative) Characteristics of cables
13、 22 Annex B (informative) Maximum circuit length.24 Figure 1 Microgrid limits.7 Figure 2 Microgrid consisting of a single-phase feeder.18 Figure 3 Three phase system output, single phase distribution or three phase service provided where needed.18 Figure 4 Three phase system output, single phase dis
14、tribution 19 Figure 5 Diagram showing installation of twinned wooden poles forming an angle .14 Figure 6 Examples of different pole arrangements .14 Figure 7 Example of an overhead line14 Figure 8 Connection mode diagram17 Figure 9 Microgrid earthing scheme .19 2 DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Co
15、py: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table 1 Maximum values of voltage drops7 Table 2 Fuse ratings for protection from short-circuiting in 230 V a.c. microgrids (overhead lines)18 Table 3 Fuse ratings for prote
16、ction from short-circuiting in 120 V a.c. microgrids (overhead lines)18 Table 4 Circuit breaker ratings for protection from short-circuiting in microgrids (overhead lines)18 Table 5 Characteristics of earthing components.20 Table A.1 Example of characteristics of grid conductors for overhead lines (
17、insulated twisted conductors without carrier neutral)22 3 DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series intends to provide to different players invol
18、ved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting up of renewable energy and hybrid systems with a.c. nominal voltage below 500 V, d.c. nominal voltage below 750 V and nominal power below 100 kVA
19、. These documents are recommendations: to choose the right system for the right place, to design the system, to operate and maintain the system. These documents are focused only on rural electrification concentrating on but not specific to developing countries. They should not be considered as all i
20、nclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean mechanisms developments at this time (CO2 emission, carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in future steps. This c
21、onsistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life cycle cost as possible. One of the main objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the field of application
22、 that is: small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. Decentralized Rural Electrification Systems (DRES) are designed to supply electric power for sites which are not connected to a large interconnected system, or a national grid, in order to meet basic needs. The majority of these sites are
23、: isolated dwellings, village houses, community services (public lighting, pumping, health centres, places of worship or cultural activities, administrative buildings, etc.), economic activities (workshops, microindustry, etc.). The DRE systems fall into three categories: process electrification sys
24、tems (for example for pumping), individual electrification systems (IES) for single users, collective electrification systems (CES) for multiple users. Process or individual electrification systems exclusively consist of two subsystems: an electric energy generation subsystem, the users electrical i
25、nstallation. Collective electrification systems, however, consist of three subsystems: an electric energy generation subsystem, a distribution subsystem, also called microgrid, users electrical installations including interface equipment between the installations and the microgrid. 4 DD IEC/TS 62257
26、-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 9-2: Microgrids 1 Scope The purpose this part of IEC 62257-
27、9 is to specify the general requirements for the design and the implementation of microgrids used in decentralized rural electrification to ensure the safety of persons and property and their satisfactory operation according to the scheduled use. This part of IEC 62257-9 applies to microgrids for de
28、centralized rural electrification purposes. The microgrids covered by this part of IEC 62257-9 are low voltage a.c., three-phase or single-phase, with rated capacity less than or equal to 100 kVA. They are powered by a single micropowerplant and do not include voltage transformation. The low-voltage
29、 levels covered under this part of IEC 62257-9 are the 230 V 1-/400 V 3- systems, 220 V 1-/380 V 3-, the 120 V 1-/208 V 3-, 60 Hz or 50 Hz systems. This part of IEC 62257-9 specifies microgrids made of overhead lines because of technical and economical reasons in the context of decentralized rural e
30、lectrification. In particular cases, underground cables can be used. The requirements cover microgrids with radial architecture. 2 Normative reference The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
31、undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62257 (all parts), Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification IEC 60439 (all parts), Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies 3 Terms and de
32、finitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 carrier (messenger) wire or a rope, the primary function of which is to support the cable in aerial installations, which may be separate from or integral with the cable it supports 3.2 block part of a line be
33、tween two consecutive stoppage poles 5 DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3.3 earth conductive mass of the earth, whose electric potential at any point is conventionally ta
34、ken as equal to zero 3.4 microgrid subsystem of a DRES intended for power distribution of which the capacity does not exceed 100 kVA NOTE The prefix micro is intended to express the low level of transmitting capacity. 3.5 micropowerplant subsystem of a DRES for power generation up to 100 kVA NOTE Th
35、e prefix micro is intended to express the low power level generated (from a few kVA to a few tens of kVA). 3.6 protective conductor identification: PE conductor provided for purposes of safety, for example protection against electric shock IEV 195-02-09 3.7 PEN conductor conductor combining the func
36、tions of both a protective earthing conductor and a neutral conductor IEV 195-02-12 3.8 power line overhead or underground line installed to convey electrical energy for any purpose other than communication 3.9 section of an overhead line part of a line between two tension poles NOTE A section gener
37、ally includes several spans. 3.10 selectivity (or protection coordination) ability of a protection to identify the faulty section and/or phase(s) of a power system IEV 448-11-06 3.11 service connection line conductors between the suppliers mains and the customers installation NOTE In the case of an
38、overhead service connection, this means the conductor between a supply-line pole and the customers installation. 3.12 span part of a line between two consecutive poles 6 DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00
39、2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 3.13 stay steel wire, rope or rod, working under tension, that connects a point of a support to a separate anchor 4 General 4.1 Limits of a microgrid The microgrid is defined between the output terminals of the isolating device of the micropowerplant and the input te
40、rminals of the users interface as illustrated in Figure 1. Microgrid Production sub-system Micropowerplant User interface Distribution sub-system User sub-system Installation Generator Other equipment IEC 1909/06 Figure 1 Microgrid limits 4.2 Voltage drops The maximum values of the voltage drops in
41、the microgrid shall not exceed the values indicated in Table 1. Table 1 Maximum values of voltage drops Microgrid Voltage drop Main line 6 % Individual service connection line 1 % 4.3 Composition of a microgrid Three microgrid schemes are specified in this part of IEC 62257-9 depending on the maximu
42、m active power value required and the topography of the areas to be served. single-phase power system output: one single-phase feeder with multiple single phase distribution (see Figure 2). 7 DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec
43、12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1PEN G 1 PEN 1 1PENPEN IEC 1910/06 Figure 2 Microgrid consisting of a single-phase feeder NOTE A community could be served by multiple single phase distribution driven by different single phase generators. three phase system output: depending on
44、 the power needs of the customers, the layout of the area to be served and the cost, two different distribution architectures can be used, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4. 1) Case 1: Three-phase power system output; one three-phase feeder with three phase or single phase distribution. PEN 2 G 1 2
45、3 PEN 3 1PENPEN PEN IEC 1911/06 Figure 3 Three phase system output, single phase distribution or three phase service provided where needed 8 DD IEC/TS 62257-9-2:2006 Licensed Copy: London South Bank University, London South Bank University, Tue Dec 12 03:51:10 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
46、BSI 2) Case 2: Three-phase power system output; single phase distribution is used throughout the community. G 1 2 3 PEN PEN31 2PENPEN IEC 1912/06 Figure 4 Three phase system output, single phase distribution 5 Protection against electric shocks The microgrid shall be designed as a TN-C system (refer
47、 to IEC 62257-5). 6 Protection against overcurrents The microgrid shall be provided with a device to protect against overcurrent. It shall be placed at the interface with the micropowerplant The characteristics of the device shall ensure that, at any point, negligible impedance faults between phase
48、conductor and protection conductor or earth will cause automatic disconnection within a period of time of 0,4 s. Special attention shall be paid to the selectivity with respect to the overcurrent protective device of the users installation. The selectivity between protective devices in series should
49、 ensure that any faulty section is interrupted. 7 Selection and erection of equipment 7.1 Equipment installation All switch gear and control equipment shall be installed in cabinets or cases which allow access only to authorized personnel. The cabinets shall comply with the IEC 60439 series. 7.2 Operational conditions and external influences 7.2.1 Ambient