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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 4649:2002 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device ICS 83.060 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00
2、:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS ISO 4649:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Materials and Chemicals Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2002 BSI 30 May 2002 I
3、SBN 0 580 39174 4 National foreword This British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO 4649:2002 and implements it as the UK national standard. This publication supersedes Method A of BS 903-A9:1988 which is amended. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/22, Phy
4、sical testing of rubber, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-
5、1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards
6、Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for th
7、eir correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK inter
8、ests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, page 1 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date display
9、ed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. DateComments Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4649 Second edition 2002-05-01 Reference nu
10、mber ISO 4649:2002(E) Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device Caoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Dtermination de la rsistance labrasion laide dun dispositif tambour tournant Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon
11、Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 4649:2002(E) ii Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 4649:2002(E) iii Contents Page 1Scope . 1 2Normative references . 1 3Terms and definitions 2 4Principle 2 5App
12、aratus and materials . 4 6Test pieces 5 7Test temperature . 6 8Procedure . 6 9Expression of results 8 10Precision and bias 9 11Test report 10 Annexes ANotes on a suitable abrasive sheet. 12 BStandard and user-defined reference compounds 13 B.1Purpose 13 B.2Standard reference compound No. 1 for the c
13、alibration of the abrasive sheet and for use as a comparative standard reference compound. 13 B.3Standard reference compound No. 2 (representative of a simple tyre tread rubber) for use as a comparative standard reference compound . 16 Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39
14、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 4649:2002(E) iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical com
15、mittees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
16、 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the membe
17、r bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible
18、for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 4649 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analyses. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4649:1985), which has been technically re
19、vised. Annexes A and B form a normative part of this International Standard. Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 4649:2002(E) 1 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of abrasion resistance us
20、ing a rotating cylindrical drum device WARNING Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish approp
21、riate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1Scope This International Standard specifies two methods for the determination of the resistance of rubber to abrasion by means of a rotating cylindrical drum device. The methods involve determination
22、 of the volume loss due to the abrasive action of rubbing a test piece over a specified grade of abrasive sheet. Method A is for a non-rotating test piece and method B for a rotating test piece. For each method, the result can be reported as a relative volume loss or an abrasion resistance index. NO
23、TE 1Users of previous editions of this International Standard should be aware that method A and method B in this edition have been changed. In this edition, method A (non-rotating test piece) with the calculation of relative volume loss (see 3.2) corresponds to method A of the previous editions. Met
24、hod A (non-rotating test piece) and method B (rotating test piece) with calculation of abrasion resistance index (see 3.3) were both included in method B in the previous editions. Because factors such as the grade of abrasive sheet, the type of adhesive used in the manufacture of the sheet and conta
25、mination and wear caused by previous testing lead to variations in the absolute values of abrasion loss, all tests are comparative. Runs with a reference compound are included so that the results may be expressed either as a relative volume loss compared to a calibrated abrasive sheet or an abrasion
26、 resistance index compared to a reference compound. NOTE 2The abrasion loss is often more uniform using the rotating test piece because the whole surface of the test piece is in contact with the abrasive sheet over the duration of the test. However, there is considerable experience using the non-rot
27、ating test piece. These test methods are suitable for comparative testing, quality control, specification compliance testing, referee purposes, and research and development work. No close relation between the results of this abrasion test and service performance can be inferred. 2Normative reference
28、s The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this In
29、ternational Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid I
30、nternational Standards. ISO 471:1995, Rubber Temperatures, humidities and times for conditioning and testing ISO 2393:1994, Rubber test mixes Preparation, mixing and vulcanization Equipment and procedures ISO 2781:1988, Rubber, vulcanized Determination of density Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffield
31、un, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 4649:2002(E) 2 ISO 5725-2:1994, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method ISO 7619:19
32、97, Rubber Determination of indentation hardness by means of pocket hardness meters ISO 9298:1995, Rubber compounding ingredients Zinc oxide Test methods 3Terms and definitions For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 abrasion resistance the res
33、istance to wear by mechanical action upon a surface NOTEFor the purposes of this International Standard, the abrasion resistance is expressed either as a relative volume loss compared to an abrasive sheet calibrated using a standard reference compound, or as an abrasion resistance index compared to
34、a reference compound. 3.2 relative volume loss the volume loss, in cubic millimetres, of the test rubber after being subjected to abrasion by an abrasive sheet which will cause a reference compound to lose a defined mass under the same specified conditions of test NOTEA value of has been established
35、 as the mid-point of the calibration range (see B.2.4.3) for the abrasive sheet using method A with standard reference compound No. 1 (see B.2) and considerable experience has been accumulated using the relative volume loss calculation in 9.2. A relative volume loss can be calculated for method B (r
36、otating test piece), or with either test method with another reference compound, if the defined mass loss is known () has been indicated as a possible value for method B with standard reference compound No. 2 (see B.3) but its accuracy has not been documented to the degree of the value () using meth
37、od A with standard reference compound No. 1 (see B.2). 3.3 abrasion resistance index the ratio of the volume loss of a reference compound to the volume loss of the test rubber measured under the same specified conditions of test and expressed as a percentage NOTEA smaller number indicates a lower ab
38、rasion resistance. 4Principle A cylindrical rubber test piece is made to slide over an abrasive sheet of specified abrasive grade at a specified contact pressure over a given distance. The test piece may be non-rotating or rotating during the test. Abrasion takes place over one of the end surfaces o
39、f the cylindrical test piece (see Figure 1). The abrasive sheet is attached to the surface of a rotating cylindrical drum against which the test piece is held and across which it is traversed. The loss in mass of the test piece is determined and the volume loss is calculated from the density of the
40、material used for the test piece. The volume loss of the test piece is compared to that of a reference compound tested under the same conditions. A very important part of this method is the preparation of the abrasive sheet and its calibration using standard reference compound No. 1 (see B.2) with a
41、 non-rotating test piece. 200 mg 150 mg 200 mg Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 4649:2002(E) 3 Dimensions in millimetres Key 1Swivel arm 2Sledge 3Double-sided adhesive tape 4Abrasive sheet 5Cylinder, diameter , length 6Gap
42、 7Test piece 8Test piece holder 9Rotational speed Figure 1 Schematic illustration of apparatus 150 mm0,2 mm 500 mm ?2 40 rpm1 rpm Licensed Copy: sheffieldun sheffieldun, na, Mon Nov 27 07:42:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI ISO 4649:2002(E) 4 5Apparatus and materials 5.1Abrasion machine
43、 The test apparatus (see Figure 1) consists of a laterally movable test piece holder and a rotatable cylinder to which the abrasive sheet (5.2) is fixed. The cylinder shall have a diameter of and a length of about and shall be rotated at a speed of , the direction of rotation being as indicated in F
44、igure 1. The test piece holder shall have a cylindrical opening, the diameter of which can be adjusted from to , and a device for adjusting the length of the test piece protruding from the opening to . The holder shall be mounted on a swivel arm that, in turn, is attached to a sledge that can be mov
45、ed laterally on a spindle. The lateral displacement of the holder shall be per revolution of the drum (see note 1). Suitable attachments may be provided to rotate the test piece during the test run by rotation of the test piece holder (method B), preferably at the rate of 1 revolution per 50 revolut
46、ions of the drum. NOTE 1With this lateral movement, the test piece passes over any one area of the abrasive sheet four times. The central axis of the holder shall have an inclination of to the perpendicular in the direction of rotation (see Figure 1), and shall be placed directly above the longitudi
47、nal axis of the cylinder to within . The swivel arm and test piece holder shall be free from vibration during operation, and so disposed that the test piece is pressed against the drum with a vertical force of obtained by adding weights to the top of the test piece holder. For special purposes, a fo
48、rce of may be used. NOTE 2A force of is typically used for rubbers softer than approx. 40 IRHD. The abrasive sheet shall be attached to the drum using three evenly spaced strips of double-sided adhesive tape extending along the complete length of the drum. The width of the margins that are not touch
49、ed by the test piece shall be equal. Care shall be taken to ensure that the abrasive sheet is firmly held so as to present a uniform abrasive surface over the whole area of the cylinder. One of the strips shall be placed where the ends of the abrasive sheet meet. Ideally the ends should meet exactly, but any gap left between them shall not exceed . The adhesive tape shall be about wide and not more than thick. Placement of the test piece on the sheet at the beginning of a test run, and its removal after an abrasion run of (equivalent to