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1、 USSR STATE STANDARD ROLLED SHEETS METHODS OF ULTRASONIC INSPECTION GOST 22727-88 Official Edition English Version Approved by Interstandard USSR STATE COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDS Moscow Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.cla
2、Licensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 1 UDC 669.14-413:006.354 Group 09 USSR STATE STANDARD ROLLED SHEETS Methods of ultrasonic inspection OKSTU (All-Union Classif
3、ication Code of Standards and Specifications) 0909 GOST 22727-88 Period of validity from 01.07.89 to 01.07.94 Failure to comply with this Standard will result in legal proceedings This Standard applies to echo method, shadow method, complete-penetration echo method and multiple-shadow method in comb
4、ination with shadow method, as well as the echo method in combination with mirror-shadow method, which are used for the ultrasonic inspection of rolled sheets made from carbon and alloyed steels, including two- layer steel, with a thickness from 0.5 to 200 mm and which are performed for detecting me
5、tal discontinuities such as stratification, congestions of non-metallic inclusions, laps and clad-layer separation and determining of their conditional or equivalent sizes. This Standard does not apply to the methods of ultrasonic inspection used for identifying the type, orientation and other true
6、characteristics of defects. The necessity of performing the ultrasonic inspection, as well as the method and volume of tests shall be indicated in the specifications for rolled metal products. The terms and definitions used in this Standard are given in Appendix 1. The characteristics of ultrasonic
7、inspection methods are given in Appendix 2. 1. EQUIPMENT Ultrasonic detectors, whose parameters and technical data comply with the requirements of GOST 23049-84 for detectors of types and and which are provided with piezo-electric or electromagnetic-acoustic converters, as well as other ultrasonic i
8、nspection devices certified by the established procedure. Official Edition Reprinting is prohibited Standards Publishing House, 1988. Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.claLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IH
9、S Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 2 Reference specimens shall be in accordance with Appendix 3. ARD-charts. Auxiliary devices for holding parameters when scanning and determining the characteristics of detect
10、ed discontinuities. 2. PREPARATION FOR INSPECTION PERFORMANCE 2.1. The preparation for inspection performance shall be carried out in the following sequence: evaluating visually the surface condition of rolled metal products; checking up the operation of mechanical and automatic equipment; checking
11、up the sensitivity set-up for inspection performance. 2.2. The surface of a rolled sheet, over which the converter moves, shall be cleaned from dirt, flaking scale, sliver and metal splashes. If the unsatisfactory surface quality of rolled sheet prevents performing inspection with the required sensi
12、tivity, an additional treatment of surface shall be carried out (shotblasting, abrasive and chemical treatment, etc.). 3. PROCEDURE OF INSPECTION PERFORMANCE 3.1. The inspection shall be carried out in compliance with the technical documentation developed in compliance with GOST 20415-82. 3.2. When
13、performing inspection, a rolled sheet shall be scanned with one or several converters. The parameters of scanning shall be indicated in the technical documentation for inspection performance. When moving the converter by hand and determining the characteristics of detected discontinuities, it is per
14、mitted to apply equipment without the auxiliary devices intended for holding parameters of scanning. 3.3. When applying echo and complete-penetration echo methods within the given time period, one or several echo pulses from discontinuities, whose amplitude, even one, is equal or exceeds the level a
15、ppropriate to the given sensitivity, shall be registered. 3.4. When applying shadow or multiple-shadow methods, the amplitude of first or nth pulse, which passed through the rolled sheet, decreased to or below the level appropriate to the given sensitivity, shall be registered. 3.5. When applying th
16、e mirror-shadow method, the amplitude of bottom signal decreased to or below the level appropriate to the given sensitivity shall be registered. Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.claLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, Use
17、r=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 3 4. ESTIMATION AND MAKE-OUT OF INSPECTION RESULTS 4.1. The main controllable characteristics of rolled sheet continuity are: inspection sensitivity defined by the
18、 parameters of sensitivity registration as specified in tab. 2 of Appendix 2; conditional area of discontinuities: minimum non-negligible area (S1, cm2) and maximum permissible area (S2, cm2); conditional area of maximum permissible discontinuity zone (S3, m2); relative conditional area (S, percents
19、) defined as the area share, which is taken up by discontinuities of all kinds (S1 S2 and S3), per any square surface segment of rolled sheet piece with the area of 1 m2 or as the area share, which is taken up by discontinuities of all kinds, per the surface of rolled sheet piece; maximum permissibl
20、e conditional extension of discontinuities (L, mm). If the width of controllable rolled sheet is less than 1000 mm, a rectangle with the area of 1 m2, whose smaller side is equal to the width of rolled metal product, shall be taken instead of square, when determining the relative conditional area. T
21、wo sides of a square or rectangle shall be parallel to lateral edges of rolled sheet. 4.2. The continuity of rolled sheet made from steels melted in vacuum arc or inductance furnaces or melted with addition of special remelts (, , etc.), when inspected by echo method with manual scanning, may (under
22、 the agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer) be characterized by the results of detecting: minimum non-negligible equivalent size of discontinuities D0, mm; maximum permissible equivalent size of discontinuities D1, mm; number N of non-extended discontinuities with an equivalent size fr
23、om D0 to D1, which are allowed over the whole area of rolled sheet piece or its part. The parameters of continuity shall be indicated in the specifications and technical documentation for particular products and values D0 and D1 shall be selected from series: 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 5.0; 6.0 and 8.0 mm. 4.3.
24、 It is permitted to introduce additional estimation parameters, for example, the minimum distance between the conditional boundaries of single discontinuities, number of discontinuities over the whole area of rolled sheet piece or its part, etc. that are provided for in the specifications and techni
25、cal documentation for particular products. Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.claLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
26、cense from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 4 4.4. The parameters of continuity and sensitivity when inspecting rolled sheets with normal or multiple-reflection transverse waves shall be established in accordance with the agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and indicated in the normative-and-
27、technical documentation for particular products. 4.5. The discontinuities located in one or several planes over the thickness of rolled sheet shall be considered as one discontinuity, if the distance between their conditional boundaries is below the size established by the specifications and technic
28、al documentation for particular products or if this distance is less than 30 mm in cases when the specifications and technical documentation do not specify this parameter. When using automatic equipment that ensures continuous scanning of rolled sheet surface, the conditional area of metal discontin
29、uities shall be taken as the actual area of appropriate graphical defect records received using the given inspection sensitivity. The conditional area of combined discontinuities is equal to the sum of their non-negligible conditional areas. 4.6. When inspecting two-layer rolled sheet, the discontin
30、uities located in the basic layer, clad layer and in the inter-layer zone, shall be registered in each layer or only in the inter-layer zone. 4.7. The congestion of discontinuities, each of which has the conditional area less than non-negligible area S1 and which are located apart at a distance of 3
31、0 mm and less, shall be considered as a zone of discontinuities. The conditional area of discontinuity zone S3 is equal to the portion area of rolled sheet piece within the limits of a contour enveloping all discontinuities of the congestion. 4.8. If discontinuities adjoining to non-controllable lat
32、eral and end zones of rolled sheet are detected, their conditional boundaries shall be prolonged to rolled sheet edges. 4.9. The continuity of rolled sheet shall be assessed in classes in accordance with the values of continuity parameters. 4.10. The continuity parameters of rolled plate in classes
33、01; 0; 1; 2 and 3, when determined by the methods, whose characteristics are identified by graphical symbols A24, D3, A16, D5, A8, D8, A12, A14 and A16, as well as A24C+A20, A16C+A20 and A82+A20, are given in Appendix 4. The classes and respective continuity parameters shall be indicated in the spec
34、ifications and technical documentation for metal products. If only a class is indicated in the specifications and technical documentation, the estimation of continuity shall be carried out by parameters S1, S2, S3 and S. 4.11. It is permitted to establish the requirements for the continuity of vario
35、us rolled metal portions according to different classes. Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.claLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permit
36、ted without license from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 5 4.12. The continuity parameters of rolled sheets and plates, when determined by methods, whose characteristics are not indicated in 4.10, shall be established in the specifications for particular metal products. 4.13. The discontinuities shall be in
37、dicated in defect records, reports or log-books of inspection performed. 4.14. The code of specifications and technical documentation for particular metal products, characteristics of controllable object, values of continuity parameters, surname or index of detector operator, who performed the inspe
38、ction, as well as parameters of inspection performance shall be indicated in defect records, reports or log-books of inspection. 5. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 5.1. The ultrasonic inspection of rolled sheets may be performed only by detector operators, who successfully passed the examinations in accordance
39、with GOST 20415- 82. 5.2. When performing the ultrasonic inspection of rolled sheets, a detector operator shall be guided by GOST 12.1.001-83, GOST 12.2.003-74, GOST 12.2.002-81, operating instructions for electric equipment and safety rules for operating electric equipment. 5.3. When performing the
40、 ultrasonic inspection, the requirements of “Sanitary norms and regulations for operating the equipment generating ultrasound transmitted via contact to operators hands” No. 2282-80 approved by the USSR Ministry of Health and the safety requirements specified in the technical documentation for the e
41、quipment used shall be met. 5.4. The noise levels at a workstation of detector operator shall not exceed the levels permitted by GOST 12.1.003-83. 5.5. When organizing the inspection performance, the requirements for fire safety specified in GOST 12.1.004-85 shall be met. Copyright Gosudarstvennye S
42、tandarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.claLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 6 APPENDIX 1 Reference T a b l e 1
43、Term Definition Discontinuity The heterogeneity of metal causing the reflection or attenuation of ultrasonic waves that may be registered during inspection with the given sensitivity Echo method In accordance with GOST 23829-85 Shadow method In accordance with GOST 23829-85 Complete-penetration echo
44、 method The method consists of measuring and registering the amplitude of ultrasonic pulses reflected from metal discontinuities, provided that the ultrasonic pulses are sent from one surface of controllable rolled sheet and received at the opposite surface. Usually, the ratio of amplitude of echo p
45、ulse from discontinuity to the amplitude of first pulse passed through the rolled sheet, which are originated by the same sounding pulse, is registered Multiple-shadow method The method consists of measuring and registering the amplitude of nth ultrasonic pulse, which passed through the rolled sheet
46、 2n-1 times. The pulse amplitude may be measured directly as an absolute value or as the ratio to the amplitude of first pulse passed through the rolled sheet Mirror-shadow method In accordance with GOST 23829-85 Dead zone In accordance with GOST 23829-85 Non-controllable zone In accordance with GOS
47、T 23829-85 Sample size In accordance with GOST 15895-77 Standard specimen In accordance with GOST 8.315-78 ARD-charts In accordance with GOST 23829-85 Scanning In accordance with GOST 23829-85 Continuous scanning The process of inspection providing that there are no non- controllable zones between a
48、djacent sounding pulses and adjacent trajectories from input points Copyright Gosudarstvennye Standarty State Standard GOST (Russian) Provided by IHS under license with GOST iew_jsp.claLicensee=IHS Employees/1111111001, User=Japan, IHS Not for Resale, 08/11/2008 20:11:55 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS -,-,- GOST 22727-88 7 T a b l e 1 (cont.) Term Definition Discrete linear scanning The process of in